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Articles 91 - 120 of 3615
Full-Text Articles in Law
Pov: Why The Crown Act Is Needed, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Pov: Why The Crown Act Is Needed, Angela Onwuachi-Willig
Shorter Faculty Works
Imagine, for one minute, that we live in an alternate universe where employer and school grooming policies that ban “unprofessional” or “faddish” hairstyles are routinely employed as a reason for firing, or refusing to hire, individuals with naturally straight hair. The normative standard for hair in this alternate universe is tightly coiled, curly hair—the kind of hair texture that actors like Denzel Washington or Issa Rae are born with, hair texture that is best suited for natural and protective hairstyles like locs, twists, braids, and Bantu knots.
Spring 2022 Newsletter, Golden Gate University School Of Law
Spring 2022 Newsletter, Golden Gate University School Of Law
Women’s Employment Rights Clinic
No abstract provided.
Domesticated: Migrant Domestic Workers In Jordan And Their Place In Jordan’S Law And Homes, Jeromel Dela Rosa Lara
Domesticated: Migrant Domestic Workers In Jordan And Their Place In Jordan’S Law And Homes, Jeromel Dela Rosa Lara
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
The purpose of this study is to bring attention to the labor conditions for migrant women domestic workers and what agency they have in the workplace (the home of their employers) and the law in Jordan. Jordan is considered as having a model labor law for migrant workers in the region. Officials from the Ministry of Labor have claimed that this makes the Kafala System––a system of labor that puts migrant workers under the care, standards, and control of the employer––non-existent in the country. This study will look further on the extent that this is reflected to the experiences of …
The Economic (In) Significance Of Executive Pay Esg Incentives, David I. Walker
The Economic (In) Significance Of Executive Pay Esg Incentives, David I. Walker
Faculty Scholarship
The hottest topic in corporate governance circles today involves company commitments to and pursuit of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) initiatives in addition to the traditional pursuit of profits. One facet of this debate has to do with how to motivate executives to pursue ESG goals. Increasingly, companies tie executive pay to ESG performance, although even strong ESG advocates debate the advisability of doing so. This Article joins the fray by closely examining ESG-based CEO pay arrangements at a subset of companies with leadership positions on the Business Roundtable, an industry trade group that embraced ESG in a 2019 statement …
What’S In A Form? Employment Background Checks Under The Fair Credit Reporting Act, Emily Scace
What’S In A Form? Employment Background Checks Under The Fair Credit Reporting Act, Emily Scace
Connecticut Law Review
For employers, background checks, credit checks, and similar measures are a prudent step to guard against negligent hiring claims and other potential losses that can result from poor hiring decisions. But these practices necessarily require employees to relinquish some of their interests in privacy and may also introduce bias into the hiring process. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), which applies to many of these employment screening measures, requires employers to follow certain procedural requirements that seek to ensure that employees and applicants understand the scope of the information that will be sought in a background or credit check, provide …
Commentary: The Workplace Vaccine Decision And Its Implications For Federal Regulatory Power, John M. Greabe
Commentary: The Workplace Vaccine Decision And Its Implications For Federal Regulatory Power, John M. Greabe
Law Faculty Scholarship
[Excerpt] "In a recent commentary, I contrasted the pragmatic consequentialism of retiring Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer – and, more generally, the other two members of the court’s liberal bloc (Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan) – with the structural formalism of the court’s six-justice conservative supermajority. I also suggested that this framework may provide a more useful way to understand many of the court’s recent and upcoming blockbuster decisions than the partisan angle that court watchers so frequently use."
Ai And Digital Tools In Workplace Management And Evaluation: An Assessment Of The Eu's Legal Framework, Valerio De Stefano, Mathias Wouters
Ai And Digital Tools In Workplace Management And Evaluation: An Assessment Of The Eu's Legal Framework, Valerio De Stefano, Mathias Wouters
Commissioned Reports, Studies and Public Policy Documents
This study focuses on options for regulating the use of AI enabled and algorithmic management systems in the world of work under EU law. The first part describes how these technologies are already being deployed, particularly in recruitment, staff appraisal, task distribution and disciplinary procedures. It discusses some near-term potential development prospects and presents an impact assessment, highlighting some of these technologies' most significant implications.
The second part addresses the regulatory field. It examines the different EU regulations and directives that are already relevant to regulating the use of AI in employment. Subsequently, it analyses the potential labour and employment …
Is A Locomotive In Use And Therefore Subject To Locomotive Inspection Act Liability When It Makes A Temporary Stop?, Anne Marie Lofaso
Is A Locomotive In Use And Therefore Subject To Locomotive Inspection Act Liability When It Makes A Temporary Stop?, Anne Marie Lofaso
Law Faculty Scholarship
Case at a Glance: LeDure v. Union Pacific Railroad Company. Bradley LeDure, a long-time locomotive engineer for Union Pacific, slipped on the slick surface of a locomotive while it was idle but powered on, seriously injuring himself. If Union Pacific violated safety regulations under the Locomotive Inspection Act, then it would be negligent per se. But that theory of liability is only available if the locomotive was in use at the time of the accident. The case presents a question of statutory interpretation of the term use.
Campaign Finance Reform, Union Dues, And The First Amendment: The Collision Of Politics And Rights, Mark Adams
Campaign Finance Reform, Union Dues, And The First Amendment: The Collision Of Politics And Rights, Mark Adams
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Remainder Effect: How Automation Complements Labor Quality, James Bessen, Erich Denk, Chen Meng
The Remainder Effect: How Automation Complements Labor Quality, James Bessen, Erich Denk, Chen Meng
Faculty Scholarship
This paper argues that automation both complements and replaces workers. Extending the Acemoglu-Restrepo model of automation to consider labor quality, we obtain a Remainder Effect: while automation displaces labor on some tasks, it raises the returns to skill on remaining tasks across skill groups. This effect increases between-firm pay inequality while labor displacement affects within-firm inequality. Using job ad data, we find firm adoption of information technologies leads to both greater demand for diverse skills and higher pay across skill groups. This accounts for most of the sorting of skills to high paying firms that is central to rising inequality.
Modern-Day Slavery Ring Discovered On Georgia Farms: When Will It End?, Lizet Palomera Torres
Modern-Day Slavery Ring Discovered On Georgia Farms: When Will It End?, Lizet Palomera Torres
GGU Law Review Blog
Although all people in the United States have fundamental human rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), not everyone can enjoy them equally. Many people, such as employers, blatantly disregard these core human rights and exploit their migrant workers. However, despite migrant workers being disproportionately vulnerable to abuse, it is not uncommon for migrant workers to be reluctant to report employers because of their fear of retaliation and their relatively poor position. These workers often do not speak the language, are in remote and segregated areas and are exploited through their immigration …
2022'S States With The Highest Job Resignation Rates: Ask The Experts, Adam Mccann, Erin J. Hendrickson
2022'S States With The Highest Job Resignation Rates: Ask The Experts, Adam Mccann, Erin J. Hendrickson
Popular Media
No abstract provided.
Dau-Schmidt: Scotus Vaccine Ruling Raises As Many Questions As It Resolves, James Owsley Boyd
Dau-Schmidt: Scotus Vaccine Ruling Raises As Many Questions As It Resolves, James Owsley Boyd
Keep Up With the Latest News from the Law School (blog)
No abstract provided.
Transcript Of Video File: Panel 4 - Severe Or Pervasive: Towards Empowering Workers, Ann C. Mcginley, Allegra Fishel, Alexis Ronickher, Joseph M. Sellers, Bernice Yeung
Transcript Of Video File: Panel 4 - Severe Or Pervasive: Towards Empowering Workers, Ann C. Mcginley, Allegra Fishel, Alexis Ronickher, Joseph M. Sellers, Bernice Yeung
Scholarly Works
This is a video transcript of a panel session in the Enhancing Anti-Discrimination Laws in Education and Employment symposium.
'Freedom's Just Another Word For Nothin' Left To Lose': The Ongoing Struggle To Properly Regulate The Gig Economy In California, Francis J. Mootz Iii, Jeffrey Michael
'Freedom's Just Another Word For Nothin' Left To Lose': The Ongoing Struggle To Properly Regulate The Gig Economy In California, Francis J. Mootz Iii, Jeffrey Michael
McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles
No abstract provided.
Orchestrating Equity: What Antidiscrimination Law Can Learn From Blind Hiring In American Orchestras, Stephen F. Marino
Orchestrating Equity: What Antidiscrimination Law Can Learn From Blind Hiring In American Orchestras, Stephen F. Marino
Prize Winning Papers
Winner of Penn Law's 2022 Herman Lazarus Prize for the best paper on a topic of comparative labor or employment law:
Do Police Union Contracts Hinder Accountability: A Quantitative Approach, Jacob Bell
Do Police Union Contracts Hinder Accountability: A Quantitative Approach, Jacob Bell
Prize Winning Papers
Winner of Penn Carey Law's 2022 Wiley C. Rutledge Memorial Fund Award for the best research project on the relation of law enforcement and individual liberty.
Lifting Labor’S Voice: A Principled Path Toward Greater Worker Voice And Power Within American Corporate Governance, Leo E. Strine Jr., Aneil Kovvali, Oluwatomi O. Williams
Lifting Labor’S Voice: A Principled Path Toward Greater Worker Voice And Power Within American Corporate Governance, Leo E. Strine Jr., Aneil Kovvali, Oluwatomi O. Williams
Ira M. Millstein Center for Global Markets and Corporate Ownership
The dramatic decline in corporate gainsharing with American workers over the last two generations has contributed to stagnating wages, soaring inequality, and economic insecurity. There are global causes of greater inequality and depressed pay that go beyond the decline in workers’ share. But many public policymakers and economists believe that the reduced share of corporate prof its that American workers receive has been a major factor in the much larger increase in inequality that has occurred in the United States, compared to its market economy allies in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). To some, the explanation for …
Bostock: A Clean Cut Into The Gordian Knot Of Causation, Melissa Essary
Bostock: A Clean Cut Into The Gordian Knot Of Causation, Melissa Essary
Scholarly Works
Regardless of merit, most individual employment discrimination claims die a fast death at summary judgment. Judges apply the fine mesh net created by McDonnell Douglas v. Green, and most cases are caught in its trap. This dated, obfuscatory Supreme Court case creates a complex and flawed binary approach to causation: either discrimination or an innocent reason caused an adverse employment action. For decades, all three levels of the federal judiciary have wrestled with McDonnell Douglas, creating snarls and knots in construing causation. Because of this causal confusion, the ideal of equal opportunity in employment is on life-support.
Judges …
Essential Jobs, Remote Work And Digital Surveillance: Addressing The Covid-19 Pandemic Panopticon, Antonio Aloisi, Valerio De Stefano
Essential Jobs, Remote Work And Digital Surveillance: Addressing The Covid-19 Pandemic Panopticon, Antonio Aloisi, Valerio De Stefano
All Papers
An unprecedented COVID-19-induced explosion in digital surveillance has reconfigured power relationships in professional settings. This article critically concentrates on the interplay between technology-enabled intrusive monitoring and the augmentation of 1
managerial prerogatives in physical and digital workplaces. It identifies excessive supervision as the common denominator of “essential” and “remotable” activities, besides discussing the various drawbacks faced by the two categories of workers during (and after) the pandemic. It also assesses the adequacy of the current European Union legal framework in addressing the expansion of data-driven management. Social dialogue, workers’ empowerment and digital literacy are identified as effective solutions to promote …
A Miser’S Rule Of Reason: The Supreme Court And Antitrust Limits On Student Athlete Compensation, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
A Miser’S Rule Of Reason: The Supreme Court And Antitrust Limits On Student Athlete Compensation, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
All Faculty Scholarship
The unanimous Supreme Court decision in NCAA v. Alston is its most important probe of antitrust’s rule of reason in decades. The decision implicates several issues, including the role of antitrust in labor markets, how antitrust applies to institutions that have an educational mission as well as involvement in a large commercial enterprise, and how much leeway district courts should have in creating decrees that contemplate ongoing administration.
The Court accepted what has come to be the accepted framework: the plaintiff must make out a prima facie case of competitive harm. Then the burden shifts to the defendant to produce …
Wage Recovery Funds, Elizabeth Ford
Wage Recovery Funds, Elizabeth Ford
Faculty Articles
Wage theft is rampant in the US. It occurs so frequently because employers have much more power than workers. Worse, our main tool for preventing and remedying wage theft – charging government agencies with enforcing the law -- has largely failed to mitigate this power differential. Enforcement agencies, overburdened by the magnitude of the wage theft crisis, often settle cases for nothing more than wages owed. The agency, acting as broker for the payment of the wages owed, voluntarily foregoes both interest and statutory penalties. This is a bad deal for workers, but not just because they do not get …
Don't Abolish Employee Noncompete Agreements, Alan J. Meese
Don't Abolish Employee Noncompete Agreements, Alan J. Meese
Faculty Publications
For over three centuries, Anglo-American courts have assessed employee noncompete agreements under a Rule of Reason. Despite long-standing precedent, some now advocate banning all such agreements. These advocates contend that employers use superior bargaining power to impose such "contracts of adhesion," preventing employees from selling their labor to the highest bidder and reducing wages. Abolitionists also contend that such agreements cannot produce cognizable benefits and that employers could achieve any benefits via less restrictive alternatives without limiting employee autonomy.
This Article critiques the Abolitionist position. Arguments for banning noncompete agreements echo hostile critiques of other nonstandard contracts during antitrust law's …
Employment Status For "Essential Workers": The Case For Gig Worker Parity, Miriam A. Cherry
Employment Status For "Essential Workers": The Case For Gig Worker Parity, Miriam A. Cherry
Faculty Publications
The continuing misclassification of gig workers as independent contractors has been problematic for over a decade. Several misconceptions have contributed to this marginalization of on-demand workers: technology that often obscures the work that is being performed; the view that platform work is a side hustle; or that platform work exists only for customer convenience or frivolous requests. During the coronavirus pandemic these myths about gig work were turned upside down as on-demand workers were recognized for their efforts and labeled essential workers. With that recognition came newly-awarded benefits, like pandemic unemployment assistance and paid sick leave. As such, the events …
Agents Of Inequality: Common Ownership And The Decline Of The American Worker, Zohar Goshen, Doron Levit
Agents Of Inequality: Common Ownership And The Decline Of The American Worker, Zohar Goshen, Doron Levit
Faculty Scholarship
The last forty years have seen two major economic trends: wages have stalled despite rising productivity, and institutional investors have replaced retail shareholders as the predominant owners of the U.S. equity markets. A few powerful institutional investors — dubbed common owners — now hold large stakes in most U.S. corporations. And in no coincidence, when U.S. workers acquired this new set of bosses, their wages stopped growing while shareholder returns increased. This Article explains how common owners shift wealth from labor to capital, thereby exacerbating income inequality.
Powerful institutional investors pushing public corporations en masse to adopt strong corporate governance …
Without Accommodation, Jennifer B. Shinall
Without Accommodation, Jennifer B. Shinall
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), workers with disabilities have the legal right to reasonable workplace accommodations provided by employers. Because this legal right is unique to disabled workers, these workers could, in theory, enjoy greater access to the types of accommodations that are desirable to all workers including the ability to work from home, to work flexible hours, and to take leave. This Article compares access to these accommodations, which have become increasingly desirable during the COVID-19 pandemic, between disabled workers and nondisabled workers. Using 2017-2018 data from the American Time Use Survey's Leave and Job Flexibilities Module, …
Cause For Concern Or Cause For Celebration?: Did Bostock V. Clayton County Establish A New Mixed Motive Theory For Title Vii Cases And Make It Easier For Plaintiffs To Prove Discrimination Claims?, Terrence Cain
Faculty Scholarship
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against an employee “because of” race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This seems simple enough, but if an employer makes an adverse employment decision partly for an impermissible reason and partly for a permissible reason, i.e., if the employer acts with a mixed motive, has the employer acted “because of” the impermissible reason? According to Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar, the answer is no. The Courts in Gross and Nassar held that …
The American Experience With Employee Noncompete Clauses: Constraints On Employees Flourish And Do Real Damage In The Land Of Economic Liberty, Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Xiaohan Sun, Phillip J. Jones
The American Experience With Employee Noncompete Clauses: Constraints On Employees Flourish And Do Real Damage In The Land Of Economic Liberty, Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Xiaohan Sun, Phillip J. Jones
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Agreements not to compete are generally an anathema to free market advocates. Independent profit maximization is one of the fundamental assumptions of the neoclassical economic model and necessary to its conclusion that markets yield results that are Paraeto efficient. Consistent with this theory, and practical experience, agreements among competitors, or potential competitors, to divide a market, or fix price or quantity are per se violations under our antitrust laws.
Despite this fact, even some ardent free market advocates have argued on behalf of the enforcement of covenants not to compete in the employment relationship. The traditional economic argument in favor …
Four Perspectives On A Sustainable Future In Nosara, Costa Rica, Greg Munno, Álvaro Salas Castro, Tina Nabatchi, Christian M. Freitag
Four Perspectives On A Sustainable Future In Nosara, Costa Rica, Greg Munno, Álvaro Salas Castro, Tina Nabatchi, Christian M. Freitag
Articles by Maurer Faculty
The town of Nosara on Costa Rica’s Nicoya peninsula is home to a vibrant community of diverse residents and is adjacent to an important turtle nesting site. However, tensions between lifelong residents, more recent transplants, visitors, and developers have increased as more of the world discovers this once-isolated haven. Climate change, income inequality, and alienation from a distant government apparatus have further complicated effective land-use planning and fractured social cohesion. Using a mixed-method approach of in-depth interviews (n = 67), Q methodology (n = 79), and public deliberation (n = 88), we explored residents’ priorities for the future of their …
Optimizing Whistleblowing, Usha Rodrigues
Optimizing Whistleblowing, Usha Rodrigues
Scholarly Works
Whistleblowers have exposed misconduct in settings ranging from public health to national security. Whistleblowing thus consistently plays a vital role in safeguarding society. But how much whistleblowing is optimal? And how many meritless claims should we tolerate to reach that optimum? Surprisingly, legislators and scholars have overlooked these essential questions, a neglect that has resulted in undertheorized, stab-in-the-dark whistleblower regimes, risking both overdeterrence and underdeterrence.
This Article confronts the question of optimal whistleblowing in the context of financial fraud. Design choices, which play out along two axes, have profound effects on the successful implementation of whistleblowing policy. One axis varies …