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Articles 1 - 30 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Polymer and Organic Materials
Adaption Of Catechol And Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (Raft) Chemistries For Water-Based Applications, Olabode Oyeneye
Adaption Of Catechol And Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (Raft) Chemistries For Water-Based Applications, Olabode Oyeneye
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Incorporating the binding chemistry of catechol functionality with RAFT chemistry offers a facile and simplified approach for developing a suite of new 2D and 3D hybrid materials with tailored morphologies. Leveraging both chemistries by synthesizing catechol-end functionalized RAFT agents and catechol-containing monomeric species for RAFT (co)polymerization, this dissertation examined a new series of advanced materials that were designed for water-based applications including model flocculants, thermoresponsive hydrogels, adsorbents and underwater adhesives.
To prepare the RAFT agents, novel trithiocarbonates with several catechol end R groups (as postpolymerization anchors) were synthesized that differ in their carbonyl α-substituents (Dopa-CTAs). These materials were evaluated for …
The Processing And Polarization Reversal Dynamics Of Thin Film Poly(Vinylidene) Fluoride, Noel Mayur Dawson
The Processing And Polarization Reversal Dynamics Of Thin Film Poly(Vinylidene) Fluoride, Noel Mayur Dawson
Nanoscience and Microsystems ETDs
Many ferroelectric devices benefit from the ability to deposit thin ferroelectric layers. Poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) is the prototypical ferroelectric polymer, but processing of thin film ferroelectric PVDF remains a challenge due to the formation of large voids in the film during traditional thin film processing. The research described in this dissertation starts by investigating the origin of these voids. The cause of these voids is found to be caused by vapor induced phase separation (VIPS). Guided by the thermodynamics of VIPS, a process is then designed to produce void-free ferroelectric PVDF thin films on polar and non-polar substrates. The films …
Spray-Dried Cellulose Nanofibril-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites For Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing, Lu Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Compared to conventional manufacturing process, additive manufacturing (AM) offers free-form design, lighter and more ergonomic products, short lead time and less waste. Extrusion-based AM can be used to print thermoplastics. However, extrusion-based AM has processing challenges in printing semi-crystalline thermoplastics, for instance, polypropylene (PP). Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are one type of cellulose nanofibers that are produced from pulp fibers. CNF has extraordinary properties which make it an ideal candidate to reinforce polymers. Spray-dried CNF (SDCNF) is able to be incorporated into thermoplastic matrices without modifying conventional processing procedures.
The mechanical properties of 3D printed plastic parts have been considered significantly …
Characterization And Modeling Of Asphalt Concrete For Dynamic Properties And Performances, A S M A. Rahman
Characterization And Modeling Of Asphalt Concrete For Dynamic Properties And Performances, A S M A. Rahman
Civil Engineering ETDs
The recently developed mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG, also known as Pavement M-E design method) uses the nationally calibrated, binder viscosity-based dynamic modulus predictive model for the design and analysis of asphalt pavements. In this study, this model is assessed for its appropriateness for asphalt-aggregate mixtures typically used in New Mexico. In essence, this study investigates the predictability issue of complex modulus of New Mexico mixes. A total of 54 Superpave mixes with different aggregate gradations, air voids, and binder grades were collected from the mixing plants and from the pavement construction sites. The loose asphalt mixtures were then compacted, …
Cellulose Nanofiber-Reinforced Impact Modified Polypropylene: Assessing Material Properties From Fused Layer Modeling And Injection Molding Processing, Jordan Elliott Sanders
Cellulose Nanofiber-Reinforced Impact Modified Polypropylene: Assessing Material Properties From Fused Layer Modeling And Injection Molding Processing, Jordan Elliott Sanders
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) compounded into an impact modified polypropylene (IMPP) matrix. A IMPP was used because it shrinks less than a PP homopolymer during FLM processing. An assessment of material properties from fused layer modeling (FLM), an additive manufacturing (AM) method, and injection molding (IM) was conducted. Results showed that material property measurements in neat PP were statistically similar between IM and FLM for density, strain at yield and flexural stiffness. Additionally, PP plus the coupling agent maleic anhydride (MA) showed statistically similar results in comparison of IM and …
Development Of High-Performing Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Membranes For Carbon Dioxide Separation, Tao Hong
Development Of High-Performing Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Membranes For Carbon Dioxide Separation, Tao Hong
Doctoral Dissertations
Membrane separation is highlighted as one of the most promising approaches to mitigate the excessive CO2 [carbon dioxide] emission, due to its significant reduction of energy cost compared with many conventional separation techniques. Unfortunately, the separation performance of current membranes does not meet the practical CO2/N2 [nitrogen] separation requirements. And due to the huge volume of industrial flue gas, membranes with exceptionally high permeability are needed for practical reasons.
Currently, the separation mechanism of most polymeric membranes is based on size-sieving. However, this method is not sufficient for CO2/N2 separations due to the …
Block Copolymer Nanostructures For Inorganic Oxide Nanopatterning, Krishna Pandey
Block Copolymer Nanostructures For Inorganic Oxide Nanopatterning, Krishna Pandey
MSU Graduate Theses
Self-assembled nature of block copolymer (BCP) makes them ideal for emerging technologies in nanometer scale. The micro phase separation between two or more dissimilar polymer blocks of BCP leads to uniform periodic nanostructures of different domains of dimension in the range of 5-100 nm, good for the development of emerging microelectronic and optoelectronics devices. Molecular weight and chain architecture of each blocks govern the morphology evolution; gives different structure like spherical, micelles, lamellae, cylindrical, gyroid etc. The morphology evolution of BCP nanostructure also depends on different external factors as well. In the first work of this thesis, three external factors …
Preparation Of Benzoxazine Monomers And Prepolymers From Continuous Reactor: Effects Of Molecular Architecture On Properties, Andrew S. Frazee
Preparation Of Benzoxazine Monomers And Prepolymers From Continuous Reactor: Effects Of Molecular Architecture On Properties, Andrew S. Frazee
Dissertations
Despite the modularity in molecular design and high-performance properties of benzoxazine thermoset chemistries, there are two primary shortcomings of benzoxazine marketability. Firstly, multifunctional benzoxazines are unfavorable for processing as they are glassy solids at ambient temperature. Secondly, benzoxazine chemistries are commercially synthesized using batch reactors, which are energy intensive and require the use of environmentally unfavorable solvents.
The purpose of the work herein is to address these shortcomings, which include:
1.) interrelationships between molecular architectures of synthesized monofunctional benzoxazine monomers and their ambient temperature physical states (i.e. liquid or solid) using molecular dynamics simulations and experimental comparisons,
2.) continuous high-shear …
Usa Boccia Ball Ramp For Athletes With Quadriplegia, Alissa A. Koukourikos, Matthew Lee, Nathan Bernards
Usa Boccia Ball Ramp For Athletes With Quadriplegia, Alissa A. Koukourikos, Matthew Lee, Nathan Bernards
Mechanical Engineering
In this report, the design process in creating an assistive device for Boccia Classification 3 (BC3) players is outlined. The initial research steps, including research into the rules of the game, capabilities of the players, and existing products is documented to show where ideas for the product stemmed from. This transitions into requirements that the sponsor requested, and preliminary designs and ideas for the product. Finally, this report explains the details of the final design, which has been analyzed for safety, ease of use, and ability to function under different conditions. The processes of manufacturing and testing will also be …
The Rheology And Roll-To-Roll Processing Of Shear-Thickening Particle Dispersions, Sunilkumar Khandavalli
The Rheology And Roll-To-Roll Processing Of Shear-Thickening Particle Dispersions, Sunilkumar Khandavalli
Doctoral Dissertations
Particle dispersions are ubiquitous in our daily lives ranging from food and pharmaceutical products to inks. There has been great interest in the recent years in formulation of functional inks to fabricate myriad flexible electronic devices through high-throughput roll-to-roll technologies. The formulations often contain several functional additives or rheological modifiers that can affect the microstructure, rheology and processing. Understanding the rheology of formulations is important for tuning the formulation for optimal processing. This thesis presents investigations on the rheology of particle dispersions and their impact on roll-to-roll technologies. Shear-thickening behavior is common in particle dispersions, particularly, concentrated particulate inks. We …
The Role Of Chain Configuration In Governing The Rational Design Of Polymers For Adhesion, Onyenkachi Wamuo
The Role Of Chain Configuration In Governing The Rational Design Of Polymers For Adhesion, Onyenkachi Wamuo
Doctoral Dissertations
ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF CHAIN CONFIGURATION IN GOVERNING THE RATIONAL DESIGN OF POLYMERS FOR ADHESION SEPTEMBER 2017 ONYENKACHI C. WAMUO, B.Eng., FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI (FUTO), NIGERIA M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Shaw Ling Hsu The chain configurational control of polymers used in adhesion can be utilized as a means of tuning the cohesive properties of hot melt adhesives (HMAs). The cohesive properties control the solidification, strength, setting speed. Propylene-Ethylene copolymers (PP-co-PE) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) were studied. In the first project, the effects of sequence distribution of the two types …
Polyorganosiloxanes: Molecular Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites And Interfaces, Daniel H. Flagg
Polyorganosiloxanes: Molecular Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites And Interfaces, Daniel H. Flagg
Doctoral Dissertations
Five research projects described. First, a reproducible, lab-scale synthesis of MQ silicone copolymers is presented. MQ copolymers are commercially important materials that have been ignored by the academic community. One possible reason for this is the difficulty of controlling and reproducing the preparative copolymerizations that have been reported. A reproducible method for lab-scale preparation was developed that controls molecular weight by splitting the copolymerization into the discrete steps of sol growth from silicate precursor and end-capping by trimethylsiloxy groups. Characterization of MQ products implicates that they are composed of highly condensed, polycyclic structures. The MQ copolymers prepared in the first …
Synthesis And Structure-Property Relationships Of Polymeric Membranes For Small Molecule Transport, Haomiao Yuan
Synthesis And Structure-Property Relationships Of Polymeric Membranes For Small Molecule Transport, Haomiao Yuan
Doctoral Dissertations
One key challenge for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells is the lack of alkaline stable polycations. The synthesis of random, crosslinked and block copolymers based on the cobaltocenium phenylene norbornene (NPC) monomer is described. The polymers were synthesized from ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of the NPC monomer showed excellent thermo-alkaline and thermo-oxidative stability. Random copolymers, crosslinked networks and amphiphilic diblock copolymers were prepared by copolymerizing NPC with different hydrophobic monomers: norbornene for random copolymers, dicyclopentadiene for crosslinked networks and a norbornene dibenzyl ether monomer for amphiphilic diblock copolymers. Mechanical robust membranes were prepared from all these copolymers. Polymers with …
Solution-Based Assembly Of Conjugated Polymers Into Nanofibers For Organic Electronics, Daniel E. Acevedo Cartagena
Solution-Based Assembly Of Conjugated Polymers Into Nanofibers For Organic Electronics, Daniel E. Acevedo Cartagena
Doctoral Dissertations
Solution-based crystallization of conjugated polymers offers a scalable and attractive route to develop hierarchical structures for electronic devices. The introduction of well-defined nucleation sites into metastable solutions provides a way to regulate the crystallization behavior, and therefore the morphology of the material. A crystallization method for generating metastable solutions of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was established. These metastable solutions allow P3HT to selectively crystallize into nanofibers (NFs) on graphene-coated surfaces. It was found that the crystallization kinetics is faster with increasing P3HT molecular weight and concentration. Through in situ atomic force microscopy, it was confirmed that NFs grow vertically in a face-on …
Guiding The Self-Assembly Of Block Copolymers In 2d And 3d With Minimal Patterning, Jaewon Choi
Guiding The Self-Assembly Of Block Copolymers In 2d And 3d With Minimal Patterning, Jaewon Choi
Doctoral Dissertations
Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) based on topographic patterns is one of the most promising strategies for overcoming resolution limitations in the current lithographic process and fabricating the next generation data storage devices. While the DSA of BCPs with deep topographic patterning has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically over the past two decades, less attention has been paid to the development of the DSA process using minimal topographic patterning. This dissertation focuses on understanding the effect of minimal topographic patterning on guiding the self-assembly of BCPs in 2D and 3D. We demonstrate that minimal trench patterns …
Effects Of Lignin As A Stabilizer Or Antioxidant In Polyolefins, Afsana S. Kabir
Effects Of Lignin As A Stabilizer Or Antioxidant In Polyolefins, Afsana S. Kabir
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Lignin, a major component of biomass, is an attractive alternative to hindered phenol-based antioxidants for polymers due to its renewable nature and naturally occurring hindered phenolic structure. In this study, for the first time, lignin de-polymerization was explored as a promising approach to improve the reactivity of the lignin-based antioxidants for polymers (polyethylene, PE and polypropylene, PP). A proprietary hydrolytic de-polymerization process was utilized to increase the antioxidant activity of two types of technical lignin: kraft lignin, KL (a by-product from the pulp and paper industry) and hydrolysis lignin, HL (a by-product from the pre-treatment processes in cellulosic ethanol plants). …
Additive Manufacturing Process Of 3d Polyaniline Transducers Via Direct Ink Writing, Frederick Benjamin Holness
Additive Manufacturing Process Of 3d Polyaniline Transducers Via Direct Ink Writing, Frederick Benjamin Holness
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Electroactive polymers exhibit a change in properties, typically size or shape, in response to electrical stimuli. One class of electroactive polymer of particular interest are the conjugated polymers, whose conjugated backbone structure imparts electrical conductivity. However, this structure imposes processing limitations restricting their form to 2D structures. To overcome this, we develop specially formulated polyaniline- based blends via counter-ion induced thermal doping for the fabrication of 3D conductive structures via direct ink writing. This approach employs multi-material extrusion for the production of structures with passive and active features, rapid device fabrication, and improved design freedom. A model of the thermal …
Membranes For Food And Bioproduct Processing, Alexandru Marius Avram
Membranes For Food And Bioproduct Processing, Alexandru Marius Avram
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Modified membranes for process intensification in biomass hydrolysis
Production of biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is one of the leading candidates for replacement of petroleum based fuels and chemicals. However, conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals is not cost effective compared to the production of fuels and chemicals from crude oil reserves. Some novel and economically feasible approaches involve the use of ionic liquids as solvents or co-solvents, since these show improved solvation capability of cellulose over simple aqueous systems. Membranes offer unique opportunities for process intensification which involves fractionation of the resulting biomass hydrolysate leading to …
Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites By In-Situ Ring-Opening Polymerization, Shahab Kashani Rahimi
Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites By In-Situ Ring-Opening Polymerization, Shahab Kashani Rahimi
Dissertations
Over the past two decades, the increasing concern about the negative environmental impacts of synthetic materials has led to rising interests in utilizing renewable natural resources to develop polymer materials with comparable properties and performance to their synthetic counterparts. One of the major fields of interest is polymer composites where the replacement of synthetic fibers with bio renewable natural fibers is of great potential. However, the processing difficulties, in terms of fiber dispersion and thermal stability have limited the application of cellulosic fibers to polymers with low processing temperatures which are mostly hydrophobic polymers. As a result, the true reinforcing …
Synthesis, Characterization And Application Of Block Copolymer And Nanoparticle Composites, Yue Gai
Synthesis, Characterization And Application Of Block Copolymer And Nanoparticle Composites, Yue Gai
Doctoral Dissertations
The “bottom-up” fabrication of functional hybrid material can be achieved by using directed self-assembly of functional nanoparticles (NP) and block copolymers (BCP) as templates. The versatile nanostructures of BCP provide possibilities to precisely control NPs spatial distribution and the resulting hybrid materials exhibit enhanced electrical, mechanical and optical functionalities. Three main topics related to BCP/NP composites are discussed in this dissertation: I) the spatial distribution of large NP in linear BCP; II) the morphology control of BCP templates with new architectures; and III) the magneto-optical properties of hybrid material using magnetic NPs. For well-ordered BCP/NP composite, the ratio of NP …
Characterization Of Electronic And Ionic Transport In Soft And Hard Functional Materials, Lawrence A. Renna
Characterization Of Electronic And Ionic Transport In Soft And Hard Functional Materials, Lawrence A. Renna
Doctoral Dissertations
Control over concurrent transport of multiple carrier types is desired in both soft and hard materials. For both types of materials, I demonstrate ways to characterize and execute governance over both electronic and ionic transport, and apply these concepts in the fabrication of devices with applications in conducting composites, photovoltaics, electrochemical energy storage, and memristors. In soft materials, such as polymers, the topology of the binary polymer mesoscale morphology has major implications on the charge/ion transport. Traditional approaches to co-continuous structures involve either using blends of polymers or diblock copolymers. In polymer blends, the structures are kinetically trapped and …
The Relationship Between Structural Parameters And Mechanical Properties Of Cactus Spines, Jorge Armando Martinez, Pamela Liz Szeto, Theresa Mae Stewart
The Relationship Between Structural Parameters And Mechanical Properties Of Cactus Spines, Jorge Armando Martinez, Pamela Liz Szeto, Theresa Mae Stewart
Materials Engineering
Considering an increasing interest in renewable, biodegradable resources that exhibit excellent mechanical properties, 24 species of cactus spines were investigated using three-point bend testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural parameters, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze fracture surfaces. Additionally, a density of about 1.3 g/cm3 was measured for each spine utilizing the displacement method, closely matching existing data from literature. The flexural modulus varied greatly between species, ranging from 1.22 GPa (Echinocactus polycephalus) to 43.58 GPa (Stenocereus thurberi). In addition, flexural strength and strain to failure was also measured for each spine. XRD analysis of …
Selective Depolymerization Of Industrial Hemp And Its Effects On Thermal Resistivity, Tanner J. Jolly
Selective Depolymerization Of Industrial Hemp And Its Effects On Thermal Resistivity, Tanner J. Jolly
Materials Engineering
There is a growing shift within the construction materials industry towards green and sustainable building products. Spending in this area has increased 5 fold since 2011 to a total revenue of $70 billion. An area of particular interest has been aimed at replacing fiberglass batt insulation with cellulose. Cellulose is the most abundant polymer on earth, and has potential to replace petroleum derived insulations. This project explores the potential of selectively isolating cellulose by depolymerizing the support structures found in lignocellulosic materials – specifically lignin and hemicellulose. The current focus is on isolating cellulose from Cannibas sativa, but more …
Feasibility Of Using 3d Printed Molds For Thermoforming Thermoplastic Composites, Sunil Bhandari
Feasibility Of Using 3d Printed Molds For Thermoforming Thermoplastic Composites, Sunil Bhandari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents a novel combined experimental and numerical mechanics approach for characterizing 3D printed thermoplastic materials by the fused deposition modeling process for thermoforming thermoplastic composites. The implications of this work are:
- a methodology for model-based performance evaluation of 3D printed structural parts, and
- an improved design of 3D printed molds for composites manufacturing, which has potential for material innovations and scaled-up applications in additive manufacturing.
The thesis formulates basic criteria for selection of thermoplastic polymer used for the 3D printed mold based on forming temperatures. The thesis creates a lattice and shell finite element model of the 3D …
Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis (Lcsa) Of Polymer-Based Piping For Plumbing Applications, Andy J. Rivas Bolivar
Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis (Lcsa) Of Polymer-Based Piping For Plumbing Applications, Andy J. Rivas Bolivar
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Water conveyance systems play a critical role in modern developed areas. Polymer pipes have been used for about a century, and their convenient physical properties have positioned polymers as the leading material in the piping industry. Having such influence in the market means that changes in current material selection and manufacturing could lead to significant reductions in the footprint associated with their products. Currently, there are no comparative lifecycle assessments that evaluate the different polymer selections commercially available, which makes it hard to determine what products have the least impact on the environment. Understanding how such impacts are relative to …
Effect Of Crosslinking On Carbon Nanotube Materials Through Chemical Treatment And Irradiation, Xinyi Lu
Effect Of Crosslinking On Carbon Nanotube Materials Through Chemical Treatment And Irradiation, Xinyi Lu
Doctoral Dissertations
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit a variety of exceptional properties, especially their ultrahigh tensile strength on the order of 100GPa show promise for constituting the next-generation carbon fiber. However, challenges remain to translate these properties into useful technology, primarily due to the sliding of the tubes past one another under tensile loading. The work presented in this dissertation is focused on enhancing the interaction between the CNTs and their bundles in a macro-assembly, in order to improve the tensile properties of the material.
Applying inter-tube crosslinks has been predicted to significantly enhance the stress transfer between the CNT components. We developed …
All Acrylic Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Design And Synthesis For Improved Mechanical Performance, Wei Lu
All Acrylic Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Design And Synthesis For Improved Mechanical Performance, Wei Lu
Doctoral Dissertations
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have been widely studied because of their recyclability, good processability, low production cost and distinct performance. Compared to the widely-used styrenic TPEs, acrylate based TPEs have potential advantages including exceptional chemical, heat, oxygen and UV resistance, optical transparence, and oil resistance. However, their high entanglement molecular weight lead to “disappointing” mechanical performance as compared to styrenic TPEs. The work described in this dissertation is aimed at employing various approaches to develop the all acrylic based thermoplastic elastomers with improved mechanical performance.
The first part of this work focuses on the introduction of acrylic polymers with high glass …
Renewable And Abundant Battery Components, Jordan T. Sutton, Daniel San Roman, Austin Thomas, Daniel Kitsmiller, Alec Affolter
Renewable And Abundant Battery Components, Jordan T. Sutton, Daniel San Roman, Austin Thomas, Daniel Kitsmiller, Alec Affolter
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Modulation Of Cell Behaviors On Photo-Crosslinked Polymer Networks And Polymer Spherulites, Jinbo Dou
Modulation Of Cell Behaviors On Photo-Crosslinked Polymer Networks And Polymer Spherulites, Jinbo Dou
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation presents novel biodegradable and photo-crosslinkable poly(-caprolactone) acrylates (PCLAs) to achieve polymer networks with controllable surface chemistry, stiffness, and topographical features, as well as crystallization-induced PCL, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) surfaces for investigating cell-material interactions. Chapter I reviews the recent progress of injectable polymeric biomaterials in the last decade for various tissue engineering applications. Chapter II investigates the variation of thermal and mechanical properties of PCL triacrylate (PCLTA) networks with different crosslinking time, and further studies the smooth muscle cell (SMC) responses to these networks. Chapter III studies the SMC responses to hydrolyzed PCLTA/methoxyl polyethylene glycol monoacrylate …
End-Capping Star-Like Polycaprolactone With Different Functional Groups And The Interaction With Smooth Muscle Cells, Qingya Zeng
End-Capping Star-Like Polycaprolactone With Different Functional Groups And The Interaction With Smooth Muscle Cells, Qingya Zeng
Masters Theses
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a PDA-approved biodegradable polymer with excellent biocompatibility and flexibility. My work has been designed to find out how different functional end groups in star-like PCL samples affect the surface properties (such as hydrophilicity, morphology) and bulk properties (such as thermal, mechanical, rheological properties, and crystallization), and consequently the behavior and functions of primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
I focused on the synthesis of PCL with different functional groups and their characterizations. In chapter 2, PCL samples with four or six hydroxyl end groups were synthesized with different molecular weights ranging from 8,000 to 30,000 g/mol …