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Full-Text Articles in Other Materials Science and Engineering
Design Of A Reliable Remote Surface Detector Based On Ultrasonic Pulse-Transit Technique To Detect Uneven & Non-Smooth Porous Snow Surfaces, Raman Attri
Raman K. Attri
This paper discusses design control techniques used to design ultrasonic pulse echo method based remote surface detector to detect objects with porous, un-even, irregular surfaces like snow. For such surfaces there is ample possibility of scatter of reflected beam in multiple directions, absorption of ultrasonic energy within the pores and reflected energy too feeble to detect. In some cases the reflected beam may altogether miss the receiver resulting in no surface detection at all. Scatter and penetration of ultrasonic energy at such irregular porous uneven surfaces poses great difficulties in designing a reliable Remote Surface detector. In this paper, we …
Design Of An Instrumentation System To Record Distribution Profile Of Snow Layer Temperature For Modelling Of Snow Avalanche Forecast, Raman Attri
Raman K. Attri
The measurement of snow hydrological parameters is extremely important in developing a model for the predication of Snow avalanche as well as Snowmelt water in the rivers. When direct measurement of these parameters is practically difficult, its dependence on snow temperature is used to develop snow cover models. A robust model for avalanche forecasting requires a sophisticated instrumentation system which can measure the required temperature parameters at right data points within snow pack. A Snow Temperature Profile Sensing System along with Surface temperature Sensor has been designed to measure Snow temperature gradient, temperature distributions, and average temperature of snow pack, …
Implementation Of Linear Array Of Ultrasonic Transmitter-Receiver Transducers For Detection Of Non-Smooth Porous Surface, Raman K. Attri, Swaranjit Singh
Implementation Of Linear Array Of Ultrasonic Transmitter-Receiver Transducers For Detection Of Non-Smooth Porous Surface, Raman K. Attri, Swaranjit Singh
Raman K. Attri
Level measurements, thickness measurement or remote surface detection using ultrasonic pulse transit method require that the target surface be at 90O to the incident beam so that reflected beam comes back at 180O angel to effectively use this method. This is perfectly true in case of flat, solid surface at right angle to the incident beam. But surface irregularities of a porous, non-smooth, uneven material such as snow cause penetration of incident wave into the surface, absorption of the incident energy, scatter of energy in many directions and further attenuation of reflected signal making it difficult to detect the reflected …