Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Mechanochemical Conversion Kinetics Of Red To Black Phosphorus And Scaling Parameters For High Volume Synthesis, Samuel V. Pedersen, Florent Muramutsa, Joshua D. Wood, Chad Husko, David Estrada, Brian J. Jaques

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Adopting black phosphorus (BP) as a material in electronic and optoelectronic device manufacturing requires the development and understanding of a large-scale synthesis technique. To that end, high-energy planetary ball milling is demonstrated as a scalable synthesis route, and the mechanisms and conversion kinetics of the BP phase transformation are investigated. During the milling process, media collisions rapidly compress amorphous red phosphorus (RP) into crystalline, orthorhombic BP flakes, resulting in a conversion yield of ≈90% for ≈5 g of bulk BP powder. Milling conversion kinetics, monitored via ex situ x-ray diffraction, manifest a sigmoidal behavior best described by the Avrami rate …