Electrical and Electronics Commons^™

Risk-Based Critical Infrastructure Priorities For Emp And Solar Storms, George H. Baker Iii

George H Baker

Two electromagnetic phenomena have the potential to create continental-scale disasters. The first, nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP), results from a nuclear detonation high above the tropopause. The second, a major solar storm, or "solar tsunami" occurs naturally when an intense wave of charged particles from the sun perturbs the earth's magnetic field. Both phenomena can debilitate electrical and electronic systems necessary for the operation of infrastructure systems and services. One reason why a U.S. protection program has yet to be initiated is that policy makers continue to wrestle with the question of where to begin, given the Department of Homeland Security’s …

Aluminum Nitride Reconfigurable Rf-Mems Front-Ends, Augusto Tazzoli, Matteo Rinaldi, Chengjie Zuo, Nipun Sinha, Jan Van Der Spiegel, Gianluca Piazza

Chengjie Zuo

Aluminum Nitride based piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has the potential to develop a fully integrated radio frequency (RF) platform that satisfies the requirements of next-generation communication standards: reconfigurability, miniaturization, and low power consumption. Here we report on the recent developments of this AlN thin-film based technology, namely resonators, filters, oscillators and switches. These examples highlight how MEMS will enable the mass manufacturing of reconfigurable RF front-ends.

Dual-Mode Resonator And Switchless Reconfigurable Oscillator Based On Piezoelectric Aln Mems Technology, Chengjie Zuo, Jan Van Der Spiegel, Gianluca Piazza

Chengjie Zuo

For the first time, this work demonstrates a switchless dual-frequency (472 MHz and 1.94 GHz) reconfigurable CMOS oscillator using a single piezoelectric AlN microelectromechanical-systems resonator with coexisting S0 and S1 Lamb-wave modes of vibration. High performance (high quality factor Q and electromechanical coupling factor kt2 for a resonator and low phase noise for an oscillator) has been achieved for both the resonator and oscillator in terms of dual-mode operation. In particular, 1.94-GHz operation has the best phase noise performance at 1-MHz offset when compared with all previously reported CMOS oscillators that work at a similar frequency.

Risk-Based Critical Infrastructure Protection Priorities For Emp And Solar Storms, George H. Baker Iii

George H Baker

The Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse Attack has provided a compelling case for protecting civilian infrastructure against the effects of EMP. As with protecting infrastructure against any hazard, it will be important to take a risk-based priority approach for EMP, recognizing that it is fiscally impracticable to protect everything. In this regard, EMP is particularly challenging in that it interferes with electrical and electronic data, control, transmission, and communication systems organic to nearly all infrastructures in a simultaneous and wide-scale manner. And, for nuclear burst altitudes of 100s of kilometers, the exposed geography …

Aluminum Nitride Reconfigurable Rf-Mems Front-Ends, Augusto Tazzoli, Matteo Rinaldi, Chengjie Zuo, Nipun Sinha, Jan Van Der Spiegel, Gianluca Piazza

Matteo Rinaldi

Aluminum Nitride based piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has the potential to develop a fully integrated radio frequency (RF) platform that satisfies the requirements of next-generation communication standards: reconfigurability, miniaturization, and low power consumption. Here we report on the recent developments of this AlN thin-film based technology, namely resonators, filters, oscillators and switches. These examples highlight how MEMS will enable the mass manufacturing of reconfigurable RF front-ends.

Constructing New Technology: The Crop Circle Gps Cart In Pictures, Gregory Keith Bartley Jr., Brandon J. Horvath

Gregory Keith Bartley Jr.

The crop circle spectrometer represents a breakthrough in unbiased sensor data. Unlike traditional passive sensors, it pulses light at a speed of 20,000 times per second. With this comes the ability of these filters to discern reflectance measurements from that of natural sunlight, allowing it to be used in environments of sun, shade, and even darkness. From these various reflectance values at different wavelengths, we get measurements of plant health known as vegetation indices. And different vegetation indices can tell us different things about the health of a plant. Couple this with the recent advances in GPS technology, we can …

Fabricate An 8.35-Ghz Frequency Synthesizer, A. Attaran, Hossein Ameri Mahabadi, M. Moghavvemi

Hossein Ameri Mahabadi

The article presents information on designing a low-noise frequency synthesizer for achieving low-phase-noise outputs past 8 GHz for digital microwave radios (DMRs). These synthesizers can be used with the DMRs, depending on advanced digital modulation such as quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) and quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) formats.

Nonlinear Multivariable Modeling Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Core Vector Regression, M. Mohammadi, M. Raoofat, Hesamoddin Marzooghi, G. B. Gharehpetiangharehpetian

Hesamoddin Marzooghi

This paper presents new steady-state and dynamic models for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using core vector regression (CVR). So far, most of conventional SOFC models have been presented based on conversion laws. Due to complex mathematical equations used in these models, they are time-consuming and need large amount of memory to be applied for controller design, especially power electronic interface controller design, generation and load predictions, optimization and other studies. To overcome these problems, some black-box models, such as support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN)-based models have been also proposed for SOFC. In this paper, in …

The Overhaul Of U.S. Patent Law, Ron D. Katznelson

Ron D. Katznelson

No abstract provided.

Virtual Power Lab - D.E.I. Dayalbagh, D. K. Chaturvedi Dr.

D. K. Chaturvedi Dr.

Electrical Machines and Power systems are the back bone of electrical engineering and play a vital role in industry. Hence, it is essential for electrical engineering students to learn the concepts of power systems and machines. Unfortunately, the students are loosing interest in lab work due to various reasons like unavialability of experimental setups, lack of qualified and motivated lab staff, lab timing, etc. To overcome these problems the virtual Power labs are very important to impart quality experiments.

Emp: A Brief Tutorial, George H. Baker Iii

George H Baker

A nuclear detonation at altitudes from about 30 to 500 kilometers generates a strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP) that propagates to points on the ground within the line-of-sight of the burst. For bursts above 100 kilometers, electronics can be affected over continental scale areas. The EMP induces large voltages and currents in antennas and cables of electronic systems that will upset operation or damage circuit components if protection measures are not present. The article provides a brief tutorial on EMP environments, effects and protection.

High Power Electromagnetic Weapons: A Brief Tutorial, George H. Baker Iii

George H Baker

High power electromagnetic weapons, also referred to as high power radiofrequency (HPRF) weapons, are a type of directed energy weapons. The system effects of high power electromagnetic environments are well recognized by world scientific and military communities. Former CIA Director John Deutch has said that, "the electron is the ultimate precision-guided weapon." In the course of the investigation ofnuclear EMP effects on electronics during the Cold War period, it became evident that garden variety, unprotected electronics would malfunction, in some cases burn out, in the presence of electromagnetic fields in the hundreds to thousands of volts per meter. The EMP …

Design, Modeling And Control Strategy Of Pv/Fc Hybrid Power System, Dr. Adel A. Elbaset

Dr. Adel A. Elbaset

This paper describes development of a general methodology of an autonomous PV/FC system composed of photovoltaic (PV), electrolyzer, hydrogen storage tank and fuel cell (FC). The aim of this paper is to determine optimum design, control strategy, economic and performance of a PV/FC hybrid power generation system without battery storage taking into account all losses in the system. The paper also presents a computer program based on Matlab software to determine optimum design, control strategy, economic and performance of an autonomous PV/FC hybrid power generation system. The computer program develops to size system components in order to match the load …

Desinging Of Ann Based Speed Controller For Phase Controlled Dc Motor, R.S Naga Kumar Ganugula

R.S Naga Kumar Ganugula

For electrical drives good dynamic performance is mandatory so as to respond to the changes in command speed and torques, so various speed control techniques are being used for real time applications. The speed of a dc motor can be controlled using various controllers like PI- Controller, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller. ANN theory is recently getting increasing emphasis in process control applications. The paper describes application of ANN in a speed control system that uses a phase-controlled bridge converter and a separately excited DC machine. The ANN controller for current and speed loops are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK, replacing the …

Exposing To Emf, Prof Dr. Mahmoud Moghavvemi, Farhang Alijani, Hussein Ameri, Maryam Ashayer Soltani

Professor Mahmoud Moghavvemi

In the recent years, by developing the usage of new popular Electronic-Communication gadgets and home appliances like Mobile Phones and Microwave Ovens which are mostly

sources of Electromagnetic Wave Radiation, a severe public concern regarding the sideeffects “whether positive or negative” on human health and environment has been arisen. It means that there are new challenging issues rather than old one “the exposing to low radiofrequency emissions” which have been studied for past decades. Indeed, for more than 100 years, human has exposed to the Radio-waves radiation from Radio & TV broadcasting

transmitters besides the Radar and point to point …

Exposing To Emf, Mahmoud Moghavvemi, Farhang Alijani, Hossein Ameri Mahabadi, Maryami Ashayer Soltan

Hossein Ameri Mahabadi

No abstract provided.

Assembly Of Low Phase Noise Sub-Millimeter Wave Local Oscillator In Ku Band Frequency, M. Moghavvemi, Hossein Ameri Mahabadi, A. Attaran

Hossein Ameri Mahabadi

A design and fabrication of a dual-band synthesizer device is presented in this paper. The noise analysis in synthesizer loop block component is modeled individually. The Design methodology is elaborated along with the test results. The initial frequency synthesizer in 1.8-2.4GHz frequency range (L and S-band) is designed and it is multiplied by 8. Microstrip bandpass filters (LFCN) are used to filter out the spurious frequency contents; the final output frequency is 14-20GHz (Ku-band). Phase noise investigation, design steps, filter assembling of 14-20GHz synthesizer is presented in this paper.

Novel Client Booking System In Klcc Twin Tower Bridge, Hossein Ameri Mahabadi, R. Ameri

Hossein Ameri Mahabadi

This system should help managing the visitors and tour guides as well as scheduling tours to visit “Petronas Twin Towers Sky Bridge”. The system should at least support the following characteristics. It should keep track of visitors and or tourists. It should keep information about tour guides and their working hour and other related information about such employees. The administrators should be able to schedule their visiting hours. This is a work-flow system and it need to keep track of daily visitors. The requirement was meant for this system is straight forward and very clear with so little complexity. On …

A Compact Analytical Design Of Dual-Loop 18 Ghz Frequency Synthesizer To Enhance Signal Reliability In Digital Millimeter Radio Link System, M. Moghavvemi, Hossein Ameri Mahabadi, A. Attaran

Hossein Ameri Mahabadi

In this paper a high resolution dual-loop 17.7–19.7 GHz frequency synthesizer is presented which is compatible with ITU-R (F.595-6) standards. The investigations of phase noise and spur frequency contents are discussed in detail. The simulated and measured phase noise and spur frequency contents are similar to one another. Phase noise of –81 dBc/Hz in 17.7 GHz at 10 KHz offset frequency is measured by (HP8560) series Spectrum analyzer and it matches with predicted measurements.

Purely Electronic Switching With High Uniformity, Resistance Tunability, And Good Retention In Pt-Dispersed Sio2 Thin Films For Reram, Albert Chen

Albert B Chen

Resistance switching memory operating by a purely electronic switching mechanism, which was first realized in Pt-dispersed SiO2 thin films, satisfies criteria including high uniformity, fast switching speed, and long retention for non-volatile memory application. This resistive element obeys Ohm's law for the area dependence, but its resistance exponentially increases with the film thickness, which provides new freedom to tailor the device characteristics.

High-Throughput Assembly Of Nanoelements In Nanoporous Alumina Templates, Evin Gultepe, Dattatri K. Nagesha, Latika Menon, Ahmed A. Busnaina, Srinivas Sridhar

Dattatri K. Nagesha

The authors demonstrate a nanofabrication method utilizing nanoporous alumina templates which involves directed three dimensional assembly of nanoparticles inside the pores by means of an electrophoretic technique. In their demonstration, they have assembled polystyrene nanobeads with diameter of 50 nm inside nanopore arrays of height of 250 nm and diameter of 80 nm. Such a technique is particularly useful for large-scale, rapid assembly of nanoelements for potential device applications.

High-Throughput Assembly Of Nanoelements In Nanoporous Alumina Templates, Evin Gultepe, Dattatri K. Nagesha, Latika Menon, Ahmed A. Busnaina, Srinivas Sridhar

Latika Menon

The authors demonstrate a nanofabrication method utilizing nanoporous alumina templates which involves directed three dimensional assembly of nanoparticles inside the pores by means of an electrophoretic technique. In their demonstration, they have assembled polystyrene nanobeads with diameter of 50 nm inside nanopore arrays of height of 250 nm and diameter of 80 nm. Such a technique is particularly useful for large-scale, rapid assembly of nanoelements for potential device applications.

Three Dimensional Controlled Assembly Of Gold Nanoparticles Using A Micromachined Platform, Nishant Khanduja, Selvapraba Selvarasah, Chia-Ling Chen, Mehmet R. Dokmeci, Xugang Xiong, Prashanth Makaram, Ahmed A. Busnaina

Ahmed A. Busnaina

By using optical lithographic procedures, the authors present a micromachined platform for large scale three dimensional (3D) assembly of gold nanoparticles with diameters of ∼ 50 nm. The gold nanoparticles are formed into 3D low resistance bridges (two terminal resistance of ∼ 40 Ω) interconnecting the two microelectrodes using ac dielectrophoresis. The thickness of the parylene interlevel dielectric can be adjusted to vary the height of the 3D platform for meeting different application requirements. This research represents a step towards realizing high density, three dimensional structures and devices for applications such as nanosensors, vertical integration of nanosystems, and characterization of …

Scalable Nanotemplate Assisted Directed Assembly Of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes For Nanoscale Devices, Prashanth Makaram, Sivasubramanian Somu, Xugang Xiong, Ahmed A. Busnaina, Yung-Joon Jung, Nicol E. Mcgruer

Ahmed A. Busnaina

The authors demonstrate precise alignment and controlled assembly of single wall nanotube (SWNT) bundles at a fast rate over large areas by combining electrophoresis and dip coating processes. SWNTs in solution are assembled on prepatterned features that are 80 nm wide and separated by 200 nm. The results show that the direction of substrate withdrawal significantly affects the orientation and alignment of the assembled SWNT bundles. I-V characterization is carried out to demonstrate electrical continuity of these assembled SWNT bundles.

Directed Assembly Of Gold Nanoparticle Nanowires And Networks For Nanodevices, Xugang Xiong, Ahmed A. Busnaina, Selvapraba Selvarasah, Sivasubramanian Somu, Ming Wei, Joey Mead, Chia-Ling Chen, Juan Aceros, Prashanth Makaram, Mehmet R. Dokmeci

Ahmed A. Busnaina

Alternating electric field is used to assemble gold nanoparticle nanowires from liquid suspensions. The effects of electrode geometry and the dielectrophoresis force on the chaining and branching of nanowire formation are investigated. The nanowire assembly processes are modeled using finite element calculations, and the particle trajectories under the combined influence of dielectrophoresis force and viscous drag are simulated. Nanoparticle nanowires with 10 nm resolution are fabricated. The wires can be further oriented along an externally introduced flow. This work provides an approach towards rapid assembly and organization of ultrasmall nanoparticle networks.

High-Throughput Assembly Of Nanoelements In Nanoporous Alumina Templates, Evin Gultepe, Dattatri K. Nagesha, Latika Menon, Ahmed A. Busnaina, Srinivas Sridhar

Ahmed A. Busnaina

The authors demonstrate a nanofabrication method utilizing nanoporous alumina templates which involves directed three dimensional assembly of nanoparticles inside the pores by means of an electrophoretic technique. In their demonstration, they have assembled polystyrene nanobeads with diameter of 50 nm inside nanopore arrays of height of 250 nm and diameter of 80 nm. Such a technique is particularly useful for large-scale, rapid assembly of nanoelements for potential device applications.

Experimental Study Of Shoot-Through Control Methods For Z-Source Inverter, Omar Ellabban, Joeri Van Mierlo, Philippe Lataire

Omar Ellabban

This paper presents a simulation and experimental comparative analysis of the Z-source inverter (ZSI) with four different shoot-through (ST) control methods, namely: the simple boost control, the maximum boost control, the maximum constant boost control and the modified space vector modulation boost control methods. A review of these methods is presented with a summary of all expressions. A prototype of a 30 kW ZSI is designed and implemented. The eZdsp™ F2808 evaluation board is used for the realization of the shoot-through control methods and the real time workshop (RTW) is used for automatic code generation. The paper compares between the …

Separation Modes In Microcontacts Identified By The Rate Dependence Of The Pull-Off Force, L. Chen, Nicol E. Mcgruer, George G. Adams, Yan Du

George G. Adams

We report the observation of two distinct modes of rate-dependent behavior during contact cycling tests. One is a higher pull-off force at low cycling rates and the other is a higher pull-off force at high cycling rates. Subsequent investigation of these contacts using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates that these two rate-dependent modes can be related to brittle and ductile separation modes. The former behavior is indicative of brittle separation, whereas the latter accompanies ductile separation. Thus by monitoring the rate dependence of the pull-off force, the type of separation mode can be identified during cycling without interrupting the test …

Contact Resistance Study Of Noble Metals And Alloy Films Using A Scanning Probe Microscope Test Station, Lei Chen, H. Lee, Z. J. Guo, Nicol E. Mcgruer, K. W. Gilbert, S. Mall, Kevin D. Leedy, George G. Adams

George G. Adams

The proper selection of electrical contact materials is one of the critical steps in designing a metal contact microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switch. Ideally, the contact should have both very low contact resistance and high wear resistance. Unfortunately this combination cannot be easily achieved with the contact materials currently used in macroswitches because the available contact force in microswitches is generally insufficient (less than 1 mN) to break through nonconductive surface layers. As a step in the materials selection process, three noble metals, platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), and their alloys with gold (Au) were deposited as thin films on …

A Parameter Study Of Separation Modes Of Adhering Microcontacts, Yan Du, George G. Adams, Nicol E. Mcgruer, Izhak Etsion

George G. Adams

A finite element model was developed to study adhesion of elastic-plastic microcontacts in a previous investigation. An interesting result was the identification of two distinct separation modes, i.e. brittle and ductile separation. In the current study, that model is used to conduct a series of simulations to determine the influence of four nondimensional parameters (including the maximum load parameter) on the contact and on the separation modes. The results show that the parameter S (the ratio of the theoretical stress to the hardness) and δƒ/δc (representing the loading level) are the most important. Smaller S can only lead to brittle …