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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Electrical and Electronics
Basis Vector Model Method For Proton Stopping Power Estimation Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography, Shuangyue Zhang
Basis Vector Model Method For Proton Stopping Power Estimation Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography, Shuangyue Zhang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Accurate estimation of the proton stopping power ratio (SPR) is important for treatment planning and dose prediction for proton beam therapy. The state-of-the-art clinical practice for estimating patient-specific SPR distributions is the stoichiometric calibration method using single-energy computed tomography (SECT) images, which in principle may introduce large intrinsic uncertainties into estimation results. One major factor that limits the performance of SECT-based methods is the Hounsfield unit (HU) degeneracy in the presence of tissue composition variations. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has shown the potential of reducing uncertainties in proton SPR prediction via scanning the patient with two different source energy spectra. …
Nanopower Analog Frontends For Cyber-Physical Systems, Kenji Aono
Nanopower Analog Frontends For Cyber-Physical Systems, Kenji Aono
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
In a world that is increasingly dominated by advances made in digital systems, this work will explore the exploiting of naturally occurring physical phenomena to pave the way towards a self-powered sensor for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). In general, a sensor frontend can be broken up into a handful of basic stages: transduction, filtering, energy conversion, measurement, and interfacing. One analog artifact that was investigated for filtering was the physical phenomenon of hysteresis induced in current-mode biquads driven near or at their saturation limit. Known as jump resonance, this analog construct facilitates a higher quality factor to be brought about without …
Self-Powered Time-Keeping And Time-Of-Occurrence Sensing, Liang Zhou
Self-Powered Time-Keeping And Time-Of-Occurrence Sensing, Liang Zhou
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Self-powered and passive Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices (e.g. RFID tags, financial assets, wireless sensors and surface-mount devices) have been widely deployed in our everyday and industrial applications. While diverse functionalities have been implemented in passive systems, the lack of a reference clock limits the design space of such devices used for applications such as time-stamping sensing, recording and dynamic authentication. Self-powered time-keeping in passive systems has been challenging because they do not have access to continuous power sources. While energy transducers can harvest power from ambient environment, the intermittent power cannot support continuous operation for reference clocks. The thesis of this …
Statistical Performance Analysis Of Sparse Linear Arrays, Mianzhi Wang
Statistical Performance Analysis Of Sparse Linear Arrays, Mianzhi Wang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation remains an important topic in array signal processing. With uniform linear arrays (ULAs), traditional subspace-based methods can resolve only up to M-1 sources using M sensors. On the other hand, by exploiting their so-called difference coarray model, sparse linear arrays, such as co-prime and nested arrays, can resolve up to O(M^2) sources using only O(M) sensors. Various new sparse linear array geometries were proposed and many direction-finding algorithms were developed based on sparse linear arrays. However, the statistical performance of such arrays has not been analytically conducted. In this dissertation, we (i) study the asymptotic performance of …
Bio-Inspired Multi-Spectral Image Sensor And Augmented Reality Display For Near-Infrared Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery, Nan Cui
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Background: Cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide and poses a huge economic burden. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence image-guided surgery (IGS) utilizes molecular markers and imaging instruments to identify and locate tumors during surgical resection. Unfortunately, current state-of-the-art NIR fluorescence imaging systems are bulky, costly, and lack both fluorescence sensitivity under surgical illumination and co-registration accuracy between multimodal images. Additionally, the monitor-based display units are disruptive to the surgical workflow and are suboptimal at indicating the 3-dimensional position of labeled tumors. These major obstacles have prevented the wide acceptance of NIR fluorescence imaging as the standard of care for cancer …
Multi-Gpu Acceleration Of Iterative X-Ray Ct Image Reconstruction, Ayan Mitra
Multi-Gpu Acceleration Of Iterative X-Ray Ct Image Reconstruction, Ayan Mitra
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
X-ray computed tomography is a widely used medical imaging modality for screening and diagnosing diseases and for image-guided radiation therapy treatment planning. Statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR) algorithms have the potential to significantly reduce image artifacts by minimizing a cost function that models the physics and statistics of the data acquisition process in X-ray CT. SIR algorithms have superior performance compared to traditional analytical reconstructions for a wide range of applications including nonstandard geometries arising from irregular sampling, limited angular range, missing data, and low-dose CT. The main hurdle for the widespread adoption of SIR algorithms in multislice X-ray CT reconstruction …
Robust Engineering Of Dynamic Structures In Complex Networks, Walter Botongo Bomela
Robust Engineering Of Dynamic Structures In Complex Networks, Walter Botongo Bomela
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Populations of nearly identical dynamical systems are ubiquitous in natural and engineered systems, in which each unit plays a crucial role in determining the functioning of the ensemble. Robust and optimal control of such large collections of dynamical units remains a grand challenge, especially, when these units interact and form a complex network. Motivated by compelling practical problems in power systems, neural engineering and quantum control, where individual units often have to work in tandem to achieve a desired dynamic behavior, e.g., maintaining synchronization of generators in a power grid or conveying information in a neuronal network; in this dissertation, …
Forward Electrophysiological Modeling And Inverse Problem For Uterine Contractions During Pregnancy, Mengxue Zhang
Forward Electrophysiological Modeling And Inverse Problem For Uterine Contractions During Pregnancy, Mengxue Zhang
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Uterine contractile dysfunction during pregnancy is a significant healthcare challenge that imposes heavy medical and financial burdens on both human beings and society. In the U.S., about 12% of babies are born prematurely each year, which is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and increases the possibility of having subsequent health problems. Post-term birth, in which a baby is born after 42 weeks of gestation, can cause risks for both the newborn and the mother. Currently, there is a limited understanding of how the uterus transitions from quiescence to excitation, which hampers our ability to detect labor and treat major …
Functional Electrical Stimulation Of Peripheral Nerve Tissue Via Regenerative Sieve Microelectrodes, Matthew Reagan Macewan
Functional Electrical Stimulation Of Peripheral Nerve Tissue Via Regenerative Sieve Microelectrodes, Matthew Reagan Macewan
McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of peripheral nervous tissue offers a promising method for restoring motor function in patients suffering from complex neurological injuries. However, existing microelectrodes designed to stimulate peripheral nerve are unable to provide the type of stable, selective interface required to achieve near-physiologic control of peripheral motor axons and distal musculature. Regenerative sieve electrodes offer a unique alternative to such devices, achieving a highly stable, selective electrical interface with independent groups of regenerated nerve fibers integrated into the electrode. Yet, the capability of sieve electrodes to functionally recruit regenerated motor axons for the purpose of muscle activation remains …