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Articles 31 - 60 of 105
Full-Text Articles in Electrical and Computer Engineering
A Study On The Correspondence Of Common-Mode Current In Electromagnetic Radiation From A Pcb With A Guard-Band, Yoshiki Kayano, Motoshi Tanaka, Hiroshi Inoue, James L. Drewniak
A Study On The Correspondence Of Common-Mode Current In Electromagnetic Radiation From A Pcb With A Guard-Band, Yoshiki Kayano, Motoshi Tanaka, Hiroshi Inoue, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A PCB, in which the ground plane has a finite width and the trace has unbalanced positioning, can result in common-mode (CM) radiation. So far, CM current which is generated by the unbalance of a trace and ground plane has been investigated by experiment and numerical method. It was clarified that CM current is well explained the radiation from PCB up to a few hundred megahertz, and addition of a guard band geometry, which is well connected to the ground plane, can be effective in suppressing the CM current. But it is seemed to be insufficient description for the phenomena …
Anticipating Emi And On-Board Interference In Automotive Platforms, Shishuang Sun, Geping Liu, David Pommerenke, James L. Drewniak, Richard W. Kautz, Chingchi Chen
Anticipating Emi And On-Board Interference In Automotive Platforms, Shishuang Sun, Geping Liu, David Pommerenke, James L. Drewniak, Richard W. Kautz, Chingchi Chen
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A dual-step MTL / FDTD strategy is proposed for anticipating full-vehicle level EMI. In the first step, the current distribution along a cable bundle connecting to electronic modules an an automotive platform is calculated using multi-conductor transmission-line (MTL) models. In order to account for common-mode discontinuities on the vehicle chassis, e.g., slots, 3D full-wave modeling (FDTD) is used to determine radiation impedances, which are thereafter incorporated in the MTL models for compensating the radiation power loss. In the second step, the obtained currents are implemented as impressed current sources in full-vehicle full-wave modeling using an FDTD multi-wire subcelluar algorithm. Thus, …
Comparison Of Via Equivalent Circuit Model Accuracy Using Quasi-Static And Full-Wave Approaches, Bruce Archambeault, Samuel R. Connor, Jianmin Zhang, James L. Drewniak, Mauro Lai, Antonio Orlandi, Giulio Antonini, Albert E. Ruehli
Comparison Of Via Equivalent Circuit Model Accuracy Using Quasi-Static And Full-Wave Approaches, Bruce Archambeault, Samuel R. Connor, Jianmin Zhang, James L. Drewniak, Mauro Lai, Antonio Orlandi, Giulio Antonini, Albert E. Ruehli
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The EMC and signal integrity impact of printed circuit board (PCB) trace discontinuities, such as vias, where the signal is transitioned from one layer to another in the PCB stackup, have become significant recently with the use of very high speed signals in today''s systems. If these discontinuities are ignored, significant distortion of the high speed signal can occur, and in many cases, cause data errors. A fast and accurate technique to include the effect of via discontinuities in the typical design process is needed to ensure this distortion is considered if significant. Therefore, a simple equivalent circuit for the …
A Three-Dimensional Fdtd Subgridding Algorithm Based On Interpolation Of Current Density, Kai Xiao, David Pommerenke, James L. Drewniak
A Three-Dimensional Fdtd Subgridding Algorithm Based On Interpolation Of Current Density, Kai Xiao, David Pommerenke, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A three-dimensional subgridding algorithm for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is proposed in this paper. The method is based on interpolation of electric and magnetic current densities. The coarse-fine mesh ratio can be either 1:2 or 1:3. Results of a test model utilizing a lossless cavity excited with a dipole show no tendency of instability after 500000 time steps. The reflection in time domain at the subgridding interface was calculated to test the accuracy of the subgridding algorithm.
A Circuit Approach To Model Narrow Slot Structures In A Power Bus, Lin Zhang, Ray Alexander, Richard E. Dubroff, James L. Drewniak, James L. Knighten, Norman W. Smith, Bruce Archambeault, Samuel R. Connor, Jun Fan
A Circuit Approach To Model Narrow Slot Structures In A Power Bus, Lin Zhang, Ray Alexander, Richard E. Dubroff, James L. Drewniak, James L. Knighten, Norman W. Smith, Bruce Archambeault, Samuel R. Connor, Jun Fan
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A coupled transmission line model for narrow slot structures in DC power planes is proposed. This approach, combined with SPICE-based cavity models and a segmentation method, provides an easy and fast way to model relatively complex structures of power planes with narrow slots often used for isolation purposes. This approach is used to achieve isolation using gapping. The cavity model formulations for rectangular and isosceles right triangular segments are reviewed. The rationale of modeling the narrow slot as a three-conductor transmission line is described. The modeling results are shown and compared with the output of a full wave simulation tool, …
Expert System Algorithms For Identifying Radiated Emission Problems In Printed Circuit Boards, Hwan-Woo Shim, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, Richard E. Dubroff, James L. Drewniak, David Pommerenke, R. Kaires
Expert System Algorithms For Identifying Radiated Emission Problems In Printed Circuit Boards, Hwan-Woo Shim, Todd H. Hubing, Thomas Van Doren, Richard E. Dubroff, James L. Drewniak, David Pommerenke, R. Kaires
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Radiated emission algorithms for a printed circuit board EMC expert system are described. The expert system mimics the thinking processes that human EMC engineers would use to analyze circuit boards and make design recommendations. Working with limited information about the enclosure, cables or the exact nature of the signals, the expert system evaluates different structures on the printed circuit board looking for potentially strong radiated emission sources. Results obtained from the analysis of a sample printed circuit board are provided to demonstrate how the expert system quickly identifies problems that would otherwise be difficult to locate.
An Extrapolation Procedure To Shorten Time Domain Simulations, Giuseppe Selli, James L. Drewniak, David Pommerenke
An Extrapolation Procedure To Shorten Time Domain Simulations, Giuseppe Selli, James L. Drewniak, David Pommerenke
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Time-domain simulation algorithms are widely used in the anaylsis and design of electromagnetic systems. Many of them are characterized by high Q's. Thus, the simulations have to employ many time steps in order to achieve a complete characterization of these systems. This time-consuming computational effort can be avoided if the late instants of time are extrapolated by applying a parametric estimation algorithm. An optimized implementation of a time-domain extrapolation method and a stop criterion are discussed in this paper. The latter criterion is based upon a normalized squared difference between the waveforms extrapolated from two different sets of initial data …
Common-Mode Current Due To A Trace Near A Pcb Edge And Its Suppression By A Guard Band, Yoshiki Kayano, Motoshi Tanaka, James L. Drewniak, Hiroshi Inoue
Common-Mode Current Due To A Trace Near A Pcb Edge And Its Suppression By A Guard Band, Yoshiki Kayano, Motoshi Tanaka, James L. Drewniak, Hiroshi Inoue
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The common-mode (CM) current due to a trace near a printed circuit board (PCB) edge, and its suppression by a guard band have been studied experimentally and with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling. As the guard band, copper tape is connected along the entire edge of the ground plane. First, a PCB electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupling path that results from the nonzero impedance of the PCB ground plane is discussed. As the trace is moved closer to the PCB edge, the CM current increases. Then, the effect of the guard band on the CM current is detailed. A guard band parallel …
Mas-Mom Hybrid Method With Wire's Image Using In Excitation Problems, D. G. Kakulia, David Pommerenke, Kai Xiao, D. D. Karkashadze, K. N. Tavzarashvili, G. N. Ghvedashvili, R. S. Zaridze
Mas-Mom Hybrid Method With Wire's Image Using In Excitation Problems, D. G. Kakulia, David Pommerenke, Kai Xiao, D. D. Karkashadze, K. N. Tavzarashvili, G. N. Ghvedashvili, R. S. Zaridze
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
An important class of problems is the interaction of an antenna with the cavity of a semi-open metallic structure. In a working environment, an antenna may change its performance due to interactions with its surroundings. This is especially true in automotive applications. Therefore, it is important to consider the interaction of an antenna with possible resonating parts, and to solve these complex electrodynamics problems together. The development of methods for modeling and studying electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems has practical value. The method of auxiliary sources (MAS) with the method of moments (MoM) is applied to solve the excitation problem where …
Via Coupling Within Power-Return Plane Structures Considering The Radiation Loss, J. Chen, Todd H. Hubing, Weimin Shi, R. L. Chen
Via Coupling Within Power-Return Plane Structures Considering The Radiation Loss, J. Chen, Todd H. Hubing, Weimin Shi, R. L. Chen
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
An accurate analytical model to predict via coupling within rectangular power-return plane structures is developed. Loss mechanisms, including radiation loss, dielectric loss, and conductor loss, are considered. The radiation loss is incorporated into a complex propagating wavenumber as an artificial loss mechanism. The quality factors associated with the three loss mechanisms are calculated and compared. The effects of radiation loss on input impedances and reflection coefficients are investigated for both high-dielectric-loss and low-dielectric-loss PCBs. Measurements are performed to validate the effectiveness of the model.
Analysis Of Chip-Level Emi Using Near-Field Magnetic Scanning, Xiaopeng Dong, Shaowei Deng, Todd H. Hubing, Daryl G. Beetner
Analysis Of Chip-Level Emi Using Near-Field Magnetic Scanning, Xiaopeng Dong, Shaowei Deng, Todd H. Hubing, Daryl G. Beetner
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Integrated circuits (ICs) are often a significant source of radiated energy from electronic systems. Well designed ICs maintain good control of the currents that they generate. However, poorly designed ICs can drive high-frequency noise currents onto nominally low-frequency input and output pins. These currents can excite unintentional radiating structures on the printed circuit board, resulting in radiated emissions that are difficult or expensive to control. The paper discusses the use of magnetic near-field scanning techniques to measure the current distribution in IC packages. This technique is applied to common ICs, including a clock driver, a memory module and a field …
A Preliminary Study Of Maximum System-Level Crosstalk At High Frequencies For Coupled Transmission Lines, H. Weng, Daryl G. Beetner, Todd H. Hubing, R. Wiese, J. Mccallum, Xiaopeng Dong
A Preliminary Study Of Maximum System-Level Crosstalk At High Frequencies For Coupled Transmission Lines, H. Weng, Daryl G. Beetner, Todd H. Hubing, R. Wiese, J. Mccallum, Xiaopeng Dong
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Simple formulas were derived to quickly estimate maximum crosstalk between wires in a harness at high frequencies, where the length of circuits is comparable with or greater than the wavelength of the signals of interest. Formulas were derived from multi-conductor transmission line theory. When the source and load resistances are either both large or both small compared to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, maximum coupling is shown to be given by approximately XMAX = Cm / (C22 + Cm). A similar equation was found for the case where the load impedances are matched. …
Investigation Of Cavity Resonances In An Automobile, Haixiao Weng, Daryl G. Beetner, Todd H. Hubing, Xiaopeng Dong, Richard W. Wiese, Joseph Mccallum
Investigation Of Cavity Resonances In An Automobile, Haixiao Weng, Daryl G. Beetner, Todd H. Hubing, Xiaopeng Dong, Richard W. Wiese, Joseph Mccallum
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Knowledge of cavity resonance within the automobile is needed to predict electromagnetic crosstalk between circuits in vehicle cavities. To quantify potential cavity resonances, resonance was studied within the passenger compartment of a standard automobile. Measured values of S11, S21 and Q (quality factor) are presented and their effect on crosstalk is discussed. Resonances were found at frequencies from 72 MHz to 303 MHz with quality factors ranging from 4 to 40.
Radiated Emissions From Populated Printed Circuit Boards Due To Power Bus Noise, Hwan-Woo Shim, Todd H. Hubing, Yan Fu
Radiated Emissions From Populated Printed Circuit Boards Due To Power Bus Noise, Hwan-Woo Shim, Todd H. Hubing, Yan Fu
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Previous studies have demonstrated that power plane pairs in a printed circuit board are capable of generating significant radiated emissions at resonance frequencies if these resonances are not damped by material or component losses. The paper shows that board resonances may be readily damped by component losses. However, radiated emissions from a damped power bus may still exceed FCC or CISPR limits over a broad band of frequencies.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues In Mobile Computing, Antonio Orlandi, James L. Drewniak
Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues In Mobile Computing, Antonio Orlandi, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Memory Dimm Dc Power Distribution Analysis And Design, Jingkun Mao, Chen Wang, Giuseppe Selli, Bruce Archambeault, James L. Drewniak
Memory Dimm Dc Power Distribution Analysis And Design, Jingkun Mao, Chen Wang, Giuseppe Selli, Bruce Archambeault, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
DC power bus design is critical in meeting signal integrity (SI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. A suitable modeling tool is beneficial to evaluate power bus design and develop design guidelines. This paper discusses difficulties met in evaluating the power distribution design on a dual inline memory module (DIMM) board, such as a power bus with arbitrary shape, parasitic inductance associated with vias, and so on. Moreover, some solutions are given in this paper. A simple cavity model with a segmentation method was employed to model a power bus with irregular shapes. The partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) technique was …
Modeling Issues For Full-Wave Numerical Emi Simulation, Michael A. Cracraft, Xiaoning Ye, Chen Wang, Sandeep K. R. Chandra, James L. Drewniak
Modeling Issues For Full-Wave Numerical Emi Simulation, Michael A. Cracraft, Xiaoning Ye, Chen Wang, Sandeep K. R. Chandra, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
In electromagnetic modeling, agreement between modeling and measurements is a common goal. There are questions that define every model. What is to be modeled? How is it going to be modeled? At what scale is it to be modeled? Through sample results and discussion, this paper addresses some general and some specific elements of model veracity. Through determination, numerical models can certainly be pushed to match any measured results. However, in the end the question that this paper addresses is not necessarily "How good can this model be?" as it is "Is this model good enough?".
Dc Power-Bus Noise Isolation With Power-Plane Segmentation, Wei Cui, Jun Fan, Yong Ren, Hao Shi, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff
Dc Power-Bus Noise Isolation With Power-Plane Segmentation, Wei Cui, Jun Fan, Yong Ren, Hao Shi, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Power-plane segmentation is often used for DC power-bus noise isolation in multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) designs. To achieve a desirable noise isolation, different power-plane segmentations can be used. A suitable modeling approach, as well as measurements, were employed in this work to study the noise isolation with several power-plane segmentation designs. The geometries studied include power islands, and totally segmented power planes. The effects of the power-bus noise isolation with different types of power island connections, locations of segmentation, and shapes were analyzed, and compared. The modeled and measured results show that suitable power-plane segmentation can result in significant …
Foreword Advanced Emc Numerical Modeling, Christos Christopoulos, James L. Drewniak
Foreword Advanced Emc Numerical Modeling, Christos Christopoulos, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
A Dual-Current Method For Characterizing Common-Mode Loop Impedance, Geping Liu, Yimin Ding, Chingchi Chen, Richard W. Kautz, James L. Drewniak, David Pommerenke, Marina Koledintseva
A Dual-Current Method For Characterizing Common-Mode Loop Impedance, Geping Liu, Yimin Ding, Chingchi Chen, Richard W. Kautz, James L. Drewniak, David Pommerenke, Marina Koledintseva
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The definition of common-mode loop impedance is proposed instead of the ambiguous definition of common-mode impedance. Moreover, a non-invasive measurement method to characterize the common-mode loop impedance using dual clamp-on current probe is presented herein. The frequency responses of the current probes are de-embedded through a calibration procedure. Independent direct measurements using a network analyzer corroborate the validity of the Dual-Current-Probe Method.
Numerical Modeling Of Electrostatic Discharge Generators, Kai Wang, David Pommerenke, Ramachandran Chundru, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak, A. Shashindranath
Numerical Modeling Of Electrostatic Discharge Generators, Kai Wang, David Pommerenke, Ramachandran Chundru, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak, A. Shashindranath
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The discharge current and the transient fields of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) generator in the contact mode are numerically simulated using the finite-difference time-domain method. At first the static field is established. Then the conductivity of the relay contact is changed, which initiates the discharge process. The simulated data are used to study the effect of design choices on the current and fields. They are compared to measured field and current data using multidecade broadband field and current sensors. The model allows accurate prediction of the fields and currents of ESD generators, thus it can be used to evaluate different …
Power-Bus Decoupling With Embedded Capacitance In Printed Circuit Board Design, Minjia Xu, Todd H. Hubing, Juan Chen, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff
Power-Bus Decoupling With Embedded Capacitance In Printed Circuit Board Design, Minjia Xu, Todd H. Hubing, Juan Chen, Thomas Van Doren, James L. Drewniak, Richard E. Dubroff
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper experimentally investigates the effectiveness of embedded capacitance for reducing power-bus noise in high-speed printed circuit board designs. Boards with embedded capacitance employ closely spaced power-return plane pairs separated by a thin layer of dielectric material. In this paper, test boards with four embedded capacitance materials are evaluated. Power-bus input impedance measurements and power-bus noise measurements are presented for boards with various dimensions and layer stack ups. Unlike discrete decoupling capacitors, whose effective frequency range is generally limited to a few hundred megahertz due to interconnect inductance, embedded capacitance was found to efficiently reduce power-bus noise over the entire …
Pcb Emc Design Guidelines: A Brief Annotated List, Todd H. Hubing
Pcb Emc Design Guidelines: A Brief Annotated List, Todd H. Hubing
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Some of the worst printed circuit board design choices are made by engineers who are trying to comply with a list of EMC design guidelines. Nevertheless, a short list of design guidelines can be helpful at times. This paper reviews some of the more general EMC design guidelines for printed circuit board layout.
Printed Circuit Board Emi Source Mechanisms, Todd H. Hubing
Printed Circuit Board Emi Source Mechanisms, Todd H. Hubing
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This tutorial paper reviews the basic mechanisms by which signal voltages and currents on a printed circuit board produce unintentional radiated emissions.
Impedance Boundary Conditions In A Hybrid Fem/Mom Formulation, Hao Wang, Minjia Xu, Chen Wang, Todd H. Hubing
Impedance Boundary Conditions In A Hybrid Fem/Mom Formulation, Hao Wang, Minjia Xu, Chen Wang, Todd H. Hubing
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
When numerically modeling structures with imperfect conductors or conductors coated with a dielectric material, impedance boundary conditions (IBCs) can substantially reduce the amount of computation required. This paper incorporates the IBC in the finite-element method (FEM) part of a FEM/method of moments (FEM/MoM) modeling code. Properties of the new formulation are investigated and the formulation is used to model three practical electromagnetic problems. Results are compared to either measured data or other numerical results. The effect of the IBC on the condition number of hybrid FEM/MoM matrices is also discussed.
A Study Of The Probe Induced Disturbances On The Near-Field Measurement, Jin Shi, Richard E. Dubroff, Kevin P. Slattery, Masahiro Yamaguchi, K.-I. Arai
A Study Of The Probe Induced Disturbances On The Near-Field Measurement, Jin Shi, Richard E. Dubroff, Kevin P. Slattery, Masahiro Yamaguchi, K.-I. Arai
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Numerical simulations were used to investigate the disturbance introduced by placing a small magnetic loop probe in the near field of a driven loop. In the absence of the loop probe, the numerical simulations were compared with an approximate closed-form analytical expression for the magnetic field produced by the driven loop. The agreement between the approximate analytical results and the simulation was good. The next set of simulations was based on a physical model that included the probe and showed that the probe does exert an effect on the field being measured. Examples of these simulations and their implications on …
Analysis Of Simple Two-Capacitor Low-Pass Filters, Todd H. Hubing, David Pommerenke, Theodore M. Zeeff, Thomas Van Doren
Analysis Of Simple Two-Capacitor Low-Pass Filters, Todd H. Hubing, David Pommerenke, Theodore M. Zeeff, Thomas Van Doren
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The performance of typical low-pass capacitor filters is limited by the mutual inductance between the input and output sides of the filter. This paper describes how two appropriately spaced capacitors can be used to construct a low-pass filter with significantly better high-frequency performance than a one-capacitor filter. Laboratory measurements and numerical simulations are used to quantify the mutual inductance and compare the performance of one- and two-capacitor low-pass filters.
Field Extraction From Near Field Scanning For A Microstrip Structure, Lin Zhang, Kevin P. Slattery, Chen Wang, Masahiro Yamaguchi, K.-I. Arai, Richard E. Dubroff, James L. Drewniak, David Pommerenke, Todd H. Hubing
Field Extraction From Near Field Scanning For A Microstrip Structure, Lin Zhang, Kevin P. Slattery, Chen Wang, Masahiro Yamaguchi, K.-I. Arai, Richard E. Dubroff, James L. Drewniak, David Pommerenke, Todd H. Hubing
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Currents associated with high-speed digital devices have significant impacts on EMI problems in VLSI design and operation. In this paper, a simple transmission line model was implemented as an initial step to represent the EMI mechanisms associated with an IC package. Numerical modeling results were compared with near field scanning measurements and show that the magnetic field deduced from the measurements agrees well with the numerical predictions.
Alternatives To Gaskets In Shielding An Enclosure, Federico Centola, David Pommerenke, James L. Drewniak, Xiao Kai
Alternatives To Gaskets In Shielding An Enclosure, Federico Centola, David Pommerenke, James L. Drewniak, Xiao Kai
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
It is well known that a properly placed conductive gasket can complete an enclosure to yield good shielding. But often there are reasons, e.g. control of mechanical dimensions that this cannot be achieved. For these cases, one may want to avoid using a gasket that requires contacts. This paper will analyze alternatives to continuously contacting gaskets such as overlap structures, overlapping structures with different lossy and non-lossy materials, and overlaps with grounding points. It will compare structures by sufficient shielding for a typical class B product, high frequency (1-3 GHz) and low frequency (below 1 GHz) performance.
Anticipating Full Vehicle Radiated Emi From Module-Level Testing In Automobiles, Geping Liu, Chingchi Chen, Yuhua Tu, James L. Drewniak
Anticipating Full Vehicle Radiated Emi From Module-Level Testing In Automobiles, Geping Liu, Chingchi Chen, Yuhua Tu, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
EMI due to common-mode currents on cables routed in automobiles was studied using a test device designed to mimic a vehicle. Both experimental work and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) modeling were employed in this paper. The good agreement between the measurements and modeling results indicates that the numerical tools can be a useful aid in predicting vehicle-level EMI by developing vehicle transfer functions and measuring the module-level EMI characteristics on the bench top.