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Articles 31 - 60 of 335
Full-Text Articles in Computer Engineering
Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Of Multioperator Co-Sited Urban Base Stations, Ni̇yazi̇ Korkut Uluaydin, Tomasz Dlugosz, Şaban Seli̇m Şeker
Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Of Multioperator Co-Sited Urban Base Stations, Ni̇yazi̇ Korkut Uluaydin, Tomasz Dlugosz, Şaban Seli̇m Şeker
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Mobile network operators (MNOs) concurrently use different generations of wireless technologies. The base stations (BSs) of different technology generations are co-located in order to decrease operational costs. Furthermore, the MNOs cooperate in order to co-site their base stations. Such an urban site includes more than 25 actively radiating antennas on average with different frequencies and modulations. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) measurements performed in such an environment may have reduced accuracy. In this paper, the authors propose a new approach for the measurement of EMR in multiple mobile technology interwoven urban BS sites, where more than one operator exists. The maintenance activities …
Limited-Data Automatic Speaker Verification Algorithm Using Band-Limitedphase-Only Correlation Function, Ángel Pedroza, José De La Rosa, José De Jesus Villa, Aldonso Becerra
Limited-Data Automatic Speaker Verification Algorithm Using Band-Limitedphase-Only Correlation Function, Ángel Pedroza, José De La Rosa, José De Jesus Villa, Aldonso Becerra
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this paper, a new method to deal with automatic speaker verification based on band-limited phaseonly correlation (BLPOC) is proposed. The aim of this study is to validate the use of the BLPOC function as a new limited-data automatic speaker verification technique. Although some speaker verification techniques have high accuracy, efficiency usually depends on the extraction of complex theoretical information from speech signals and the amount of the data for training the algorithms. The BLPOC function is a high-accuracy biometric technique traditionally implemented in human identification by fingerprints (through image-matching). When applying the BLPOC function in automatic speaker verification through …
A Comparative Study On Handwritten Bangla Character Recognition, Md. Atiqul Islam Rizvi, Kaushik Deb, Md. Ibrahim Khan, Mir Md. Saki Kowsar, Tahmina Khanam
A Comparative Study On Handwritten Bangla Character Recognition, Md. Atiqul Islam Rizvi, Kaushik Deb, Md. Ibrahim Khan, Mir Md. Saki Kowsar, Tahmina Khanam
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Recognition of handwritten Bangla characters has drawn considerable attention recently. The Bangla language is rich with characters of various styles such as numerals, basic characters, and compound and modifier characters. The inherent variation in individual writing styles, along with the complex, cursive nature of characters, makes the recognition task more challenging. To compare the outcomes of handwritten Bangla character recognition, this study considers two different approaches. The first one is classifier-based, where a hybrid model of the feature extraction technique extracts the features and a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) performs the recognition. The second one is based on a …
Particle Swarm Optimization Approach To Optimal Design Of An Afpm Tractionmachine For Different Driving Conditions, Naghi Rostami
Particle Swarm Optimization Approach To Optimal Design Of An Afpm Tractionmachine For Different Driving Conditions, Naghi Rostami
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines can be employed as the traction motor of electric vehicles due to their high torque capability, high efficiency, modular and compact construction, and capability of integration with other mechanical components in integrated systems. Besides, the system efficiency can be further improved by optimal design of the selected electric machine. In this paper, an AFPM machine is optimized against two well-known driving cycles called the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) and US06 and the influence of the driving cycle on the obtained machine parameters is evaluated. US06 is the more demanding driving cycle and thus …
Thd Minimization For Z-Source-Based Inverters With A Novel Sinusoidal Pwmswitching Method, Davood Ghaderi
Thd Minimization For Z-Source-Based Inverters With A Novel Sinusoidal Pwmswitching Method, Davood Ghaderi
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper presents a modified sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) switching method for one-phase and investigated two-phase impedance-source inverter structures. The proposed structure generates pulses for a quasi- Z-source converter and this block produces a unilateral voltage sine wave in the block's output. This signal is applied to the inverter as its input wave. For this purpose, the novel SPWM method is proposed for power switches while being switched complementarily. Two power switches are used in the structure to generate the pure sinusoidal output voltage and to minimize total harmonic distortion (THD), which is an essential parameter in inverter design. …
Sparsity-Based Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction For Near-Field Mimo Radar Imaging, Fi̇gen S. Oktem
Sparsity-Based Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction For Near-Field Mimo Radar Imaging, Fi̇gen S. Oktem
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Near-field multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar imaging systems are of interest in diverse fields such as medicine, through-wall imaging, airport security, concealed weapon detection, and surveillance. The successful operation of these radar imaging systems highly depends on the quality of the images reconstructed from radar data. Since the underlying scenes can be typically represented sparsely in some transform domain, sparsity priors can effectively regularize the image formation problem and hence enable high-quality reconstructions. In this paper, we develop an efficient three-dimensional image reconstruction method that exploits sparsity in near-field MIMO radar imaging. Sparsity is enforced using total variation regularization, and the …
Design Of A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Matrix Amplifier, Shabnam Ahamadi Andevari, Gholamreza Moradi
Design Of A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Matrix Amplifier, Shabnam Ahamadi Andevari, Gholamreza Moradi
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Developments in microwave systems have increased the need for matrix amplifiers, which provide both high gain and wide frequency bands. The aim of this paper is to design a novel 2x4 matrix amplifier with a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based power divider and combiner and a microstrip gain equalizer in the X and low Ku frequency bands. The proposed amplifier can be easily integrated with any microstrip, rectangular waveguide, or SIW-based circuits. The analysis and design of the amplifier is performed using two full wave simulators with different computational techniques (finite element method and finite integration technique) to verify the results. …
Symptom-Aware Hybrid Fault Diagnosis Algorithm In The Network Virtualization Environment, Yuze Su, Xiangru Meng, Xiaoyang Han, Qiaoyan Kang
Symptom-Aware Hybrid Fault Diagnosis Algorithm In The Network Virtualization Environment, Yuze Su, Xiangru Meng, Xiaoyang Han, Qiaoyan Kang
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
As an important technology in next-generation networks, network virtualization has received more and more attention. Fault diagnosis is the crucial element for fault management and it is the process of inferring the exact failure in the network virtualization environment (NVE) from the set of observed symptoms. Although various traditional fault diagnosis algorithms have been proposed, the virtual network has some new characteristics, which include inaccessible fault information of the substrate network, inaccurate network observations, and a dynamic embedding relationship. To solve these challenges, a symptom-aware hybrid fault diagnosis (SAHFD) algorithm in the NVE is proposed in this paper. First, a …
A Comprehensive Methodology To Evaluate The Performance Of A Cooperative Wireless Network, Aykut Kalaycioğlu, Ahmet Akbulut, Asim Egemen Yilmaz, Di̇lek Arslan
A Comprehensive Methodology To Evaluate The Performance Of A Cooperative Wireless Network, Aykut Kalaycioğlu, Ahmet Akbulut, Asim Egemen Yilmaz, Di̇lek Arslan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Performance evaluation of a cooperative wireless communication network depends on several parameters. Many of the studies, in fact, take a limited number of performance metrics individually to reach a conclusion about the performance of a network. Besides, in general, some performance metrics might be in conflict. Thus, ignoring the combined effect of all performance criteria in the network may lead to an incorrect conception of the overall communication performance of the network. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive evaluation methodology in terms of various metrics is proposed to calculate the performance of a cooperative wireless communication network deployment using a …
Performance Improvement Of Multiuser Cognitive Relay Networks With Full-Duplex Cooperative Sensing And Energy Harvesting, Alieh Moradi, Hamid Farrohki
Performance Improvement Of Multiuser Cognitive Relay Networks With Full-Duplex Cooperative Sensing And Energy Harvesting, Alieh Moradi, Hamid Farrohki
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Energy harvesting cognitive radio has been considered as a promising technology in the fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks to solve the lack of spectrum and energy. In this paper, a novel wireless energy harvesting relay network is proposed for a multiuser cognitive radio to obtain the maximum throughput and decrease the false alarm and misdetection probabilities. The secondary user (SU) can harvest energy from solar sources while utilizing the licensed spectrum of the primary user (PU). Cooperative spectrum sensing is applied to improve the performance of the secondary network and decrease collision and sensing time. In this paper, the …
Method Of Limiting The Emissivity Of Wsn Networks, Tomasz Marciniak, Slawomir Bujnowski, Beata Marciniak, Zbigniew Lutowski
Method Of Limiting The Emissivity Of Wsn Networks, Tomasz Marciniak, Slawomir Bujnowski, Beata Marciniak, Zbigniew Lutowski
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a current topic of research that find usage in many applications from environmental monitoring and health protection to military applications. In this paper, analysis of the possibility of reducing the emissivity of radio sensor networks with the assumed transmission probability is discussed. This has a direct influence on power consumption by the nodes and network lifetime. A method based on introducing retransmissions on individual links creating paths between the nodes is presented. Two approaches are used in analyses, the first one being deterministic methods and the second one simulation. Both methods are used to determine …
Increasing Bluetooth Low Energy Communication Efficiency By Presetting Protocol Parameters, Dusan Hatvani, Dominik Macko
Increasing Bluetooth Low Energy Communication Efficiency By Presetting Protocol Parameters, Dusan Hatvani, Dominik Macko
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Standard protocols are important regarding the compatibility of devices provided by different vendors. However, specific applications have various requirements and do not always need all features offered by standard protocols, making them inefficient. This paper focuses on standard Bluetooth Low Energy modifications, reducing control overhead for the intended healthcare application. Specifically, the connection establishment, device pairing, and connection parameter negotiations have been targeted. The simulation-based experiments showed over 20 times reduction of control-overhead time preceding a data transmission. It does not just directly increase the energy efficiency of communication; it also prolongs the time for sensor-based end devices to spend …
Lightweight Signature Scheme To Protect Intellectual Properties Of Internet Of Things Applications In System On Chip Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Kokila Jagadeesh, Ramasubramanian Natarajan
Lightweight Signature Scheme To Protect Intellectual Properties Of Internet Of Things Applications In System On Chip Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Kokila Jagadeesh, Ramasubramanian Natarajan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Billions of smart objects in the edge devices offer advanced connectivity to networks which increase the security and complexity of the Internet of things (IoT) applications. To make such entities smarter heterogeneous intellectual property (IP) cores from multiple service providers are reused in system on chip platform. Enabling both chip and IP protection at post fabrication level is imperative. The IoT-based IP cores are signed with the hybrid physical unclonable function and finite state machine model to protect from cloning, misuse, unauthorized user access, and physical attacks. The extended finite-state machine is used to verify the signature, which reduces the …
An Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm For Global Optimization, Ting You, Yueli Hu, Peijiang Li, Yinggan Tang
An Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm For Global Optimization, Ting You, Yueli Hu, Peijiang Li, Yinggan Tang
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), inspired by sociopolitical behavior in the real world, is a new optimization algorithm. The ICA shows great potential to solve complex optimization problems. In order to improve the ICA's exploration ability and speed up its convergence, two improved schemes are proposed in this paper. The first scheme presents a new possession probability in the imperialistic competition phase. Inspired by geopolitics, not only the power of the empire but also the distance between the imperialists are taken into account in calculating the new possession probability. The second scheme introduces the wavelet mutation operator into the original …
Test Case Prioritization And Distributed Testing Of Object-Oriented Program, Vipin Kumar K S, Sheena Mathew
Test Case Prioritization And Distributed Testing Of Object-Oriented Program, Vipin Kumar K S, Sheena Mathew
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Software systems have increased in size and complexity. As a result, object-oriented programming (OOP) is increasingly being used in the development of such large and complex systems. Traditional procedural programming requires a design method that follows a sequential flow of control, which is difficult to follow in the case of large systems design. Thinking in terms of real-life objects and their interactions makes design easier in the case of OOP. However, OOP comes with its own set of disadvantages and testing is one of them. Testing of such systems requires much more effort and time. In our approach the program …
Schedulability Analysis Of Real-Time Multiframe Cosimulations On Multicore Platforms, Muhammad Uzair Ahsan, Mehmet Hali̇t Seyfullah Oğuztüzün
Schedulability Analysis Of Real-Time Multiframe Cosimulations On Multicore Platforms, Muhammad Uzair Ahsan, Mehmet Hali̇t Seyfullah Oğuztüzün
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
For real-time simulations, the fidelity of simulation depends not only on the functional accuracy of simulation but also on its timeliness. It is helpful for simulation designers if they can analyze and verify that a simulation will always meet its timing requirements without unnecessarily sacrificing functional accuracy. Abstracting the simulated processes simply as software tasks allows us to transform the problem of verifying timeliness into a schedulability analysis problem where tasks are checked as to whether they are schedulable under the timing constraints or not. In this paper we extend a timed automaton-based framework due to Fersman and Yi for …
Incremental Author Name Disambiguation Using Author Profile Models And Self-Citations, Ijaz Hussain, Sohail Asghar
Incremental Author Name Disambiguation Using Author Profile Models And Self-Citations, Ijaz Hussain, Sohail Asghar
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Author name ambiguity in bibliographic databases (BDs) such as DBLP is a challenging problem that degrades the information retrieval quality, citation analysis, and proper attribution to the authors. It occurs when several authors have the same name (homonym) or when an author publishes under several name variants (synonym). Traditionally, much research has been conducted to disambiguate whole bibliographic database at once whenever some new citations are added in these BDs. However, it is more time-consuming and discards the manual disambiguation effects (if any). Only a few incremental author name disambiguation methods are proposed but these methods produce fragmented clusters which …
Enhancing Face Pose Normalization With Deep Learning, Anil Çeli̇k, Nafi̇z Arica
Enhancing Face Pose Normalization With Deep Learning, Anil Çeli̇k, Nafi̇z Arica
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this study, we propose a hybrid method for face pose normalization, which combines the 3-D model-based method with stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) deep network. Instead of applying a mirroring operation for the invisible face parts of the posed image, SDAE learns how to fill in those regions by a large set of training samples. In the performance evaluation, we compare the proposed method to four different pose normalization methods and investigate their effects on facial emotion recognition and verification problems in addition to visual quality tests. Methods evaluated in the experiments include 2-D alignment, 3-D model-based method, pure SDAE-based …
I See Ek: A Lightweight Technique To Reveal Exploit Kit Family By Overall Url Patterns Of Infection Chains, Emre Süren, Peli̇n Angin, Nazi̇fe Baykal
I See Ek: A Lightweight Technique To Reveal Exploit Kit Family By Overall Url Patterns Of Infection Chains, Emre Süren, Peli̇n Angin, Nazi̇fe Baykal
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The prevalence and nonstop evolving technical sophistication of exploit kits (EKs) is one of the most challenging shifts in the modern cybercrime landscape. Over the last few years, malware infections via drive-by download attacks have been orchestrated with EK infrastructures. Malicious advertisements and compromised websites redirect victim browsers to web-based EK families that are assembled to exploit client-side vulnerabilities and finally deliver evil payloads. A key observation is that while the webpage contents have drastic differences between distinct intrusions executed through the same EK, the patterns in URL addresses stay similar. This is due to the fact that autogenerated URLs …
Detection Of Fraud Risks In Retailing Sector Using Mlp And Svm Techniques, Davut Pehli̇vanli, Süleyman Eken, Ebu Beki̇r Ayan
Detection Of Fraud Risks In Retailing Sector Using Mlp And Svm Techniques, Davut Pehli̇vanli, Süleyman Eken, Ebu Beki̇r Ayan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In today's business conditions, where business activities are spreading over a wide geographical area, fraud auditing processes have crucial importance especially for the retailing sector which has a high branch network. In the retailing sector, especially purchasing processes are subject to high fraud risks. This paper shows that it is possible to detect fraudulent processes by applying data mining techniques on operational data related to purchasing activities. Within this scope, in order to detect the fraudulent purchasing operations, support vector machine (SVM) models with different kernels and artificial neural networks methods have been used and successful results have been achieved. …
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Semi-Nmf Feature Optimization, Surekha Reddy Bandela, T Kishore Kumar
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Semi-Nmf Feature Optimization, Surekha Reddy Bandela, T Kishore Kumar
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In recent times, much research is progressing forward in the field of speech emotion recognition (SER). Many SER systems have been developed by combining different speech features to improve their performances. As a result, the complexity of the classifier increases to train this huge feature set. Additionally, some of the features could be irrelevant in emotion detection and this leads to a decrease in the emotion recognition accuracy. To overcome this drawback, feature optimization can be performed on the feature sets to obtain the most desirable emotional feature set before classifying the features. In this paper, semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (semi-NMF) …
A Robust Ensemble Feature Selector Based On Rank Aggregation For Developing New Vo\Textsubscript{2}Max Prediction Models Using Support Vector Machines, Fatih Abut, Mehmet Fati̇h Akay, James George
A Robust Ensemble Feature Selector Based On Rank Aggregation For Developing New Vo\Textsubscript{2}Max Prediction Models Using Support Vector Machines, Fatih Abut, Mehmet Fati̇h Akay, James George
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper proposes a new ensemble feature selector, called the majority voting feature selector (MVFS), for developing new maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) prediction models using a support vector machine (SVM). The approach is based on rank aggregation, which meaningfully utilizes the correlation among the relevance ranks of predictor variables given by three state-of-the-art feature selectors: Relief-F, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR), and maximum likelihood feature selection (MLFS). By applying the SVM combined with MVFS on a self-created dataset containing maximal and submaximal exercise data from 185 college students, several new hybrid (VO2max) prediction models have been created. To compare the …
A Hybrid Of Fuzzy Theory And Quadratic Function For Estimating And Refining Transmission Map, Jyun-Yu Jhang, Chengjian Lin, Kuu-Young Young, Chin-Teng Lin
A Hybrid Of Fuzzy Theory And Quadratic Function For Estimating And Refining Transmission Map, Jyun-Yu Jhang, Chengjian Lin, Kuu-Young Young, Chin-Teng Lin
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In photographs captured in outdoor environments, particles in the air cause light attenuation and degrade image quality. This effect is especially obvious in hazy environments. In this study, a fuzzy theory is proposed to estimate the transmission map of a single image. To overcome the problem of oversaturation in dehazed images, a quadratic-function-based method is proposed to refine the transmission map. In addition, the color vector of the atmospheric light is estimated using the top 1\% of the brightest light area. Finally, the dehazed image is reconstructed using the transmission map and the estimated atmospheric light. Experimental results demonstrate that …
Application Of Fuzzy Logic On Astronomical Images' Focus Measures, Alaa Hamdy, Farag Elnagahy, Islam Helmy
Application Of Fuzzy Logic On Astronomical Images' Focus Measures, Alaa Hamdy, Farag Elnagahy, Islam Helmy
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Focus accuracy is an essential factor that affects the quality of astronomical observations. The accurate measurement of celestial objects' properties depends on focus. Automatic focusing is necessary for celestial imaging systems. This paper presents a modified focus measure operator. It also proposes the use of fuzzy logic to transform images because of its tolerance of imprecise and incomplete data. The focus operators are applied to two sequences of star clusters' observations. The experimental results show that the suggested measure's overall score exceeds those of previous operators.
A Novel Hardware-Efficient Spatial Orientation Tree-Based Image Compression Algorithm And Its Field Programmable Gate Array Implementation, Mohd Rafi Lone, Najeeb-Ud-Din Hakim
A Novel Hardware-Efficient Spatial Orientation Tree-Based Image Compression Algorithm And Its Field Programmable Gate Array Implementation, Mohd Rafi Lone, Najeeb-Ud-Din Hakim
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) has become a popular research topic for more than a decade now. This is because it is simple, besides having compression efficiency close to the state-of-the-art JPEG2000 standard. The main drawback of SPIHT is that it uses three lists to store addresses of coefficients during its operation. These lists are dynamic and in worst cases need to store more number of addresses than total coefficients. In this work, a novel hardware-efficient spatial orientation tree-based algorithm is proposed and its hardware implementation is carried out. The wavelet transformed image is partitioned into 2 $\times$ 2 …
Damping Of Low-Frequency Oscillation In Power Systems Using Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Plants, Mahdi Saadatmand, Babak Mozafari, Gevork Babamalek Gharehpetian, Soodabeh Soleymani
Damping Of Low-Frequency Oscillation In Power Systems Using Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Plants, Mahdi Saadatmand, Babak Mozafari, Gevork Babamalek Gharehpetian, Soodabeh Soleymani
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Global warming, increase in environmental pollution, and high cost of electrical power generation using fossil fuels are considered the most important reasons for the application of renewable energy power plants (REPPs) around the world. In recent years, a new generation of REPPs called hybrid renewable energy power plants (HREPPs) has been implemented in order to have higher efficiency and reliability than conventional REPPs such as wind power plants and photovoltaic power plants. The HREPPs include two or more renewable energy generation units such as wind turbine generation units, and PV generation units. In case of high penetration of these types …
A Robust Smes Control For Enhancing Stability Of Distribution Systems Fed From Intermittent Wind Power Generation, Sayed Said, Mokhtar Aly, Balint Hartmann
A Robust Smes Control For Enhancing Stability Of Distribution Systems Fed From Intermittent Wind Power Generation, Sayed Said, Mokhtar Aly, Balint Hartmann
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The voltage and frequency stability issues of power systems are the main challenges that arise from high penetration levels of wind energy systems. This paper presents an effective solution for voltage and frequency stability problems by using a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system controlled with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The proposed control system can suppress the voltage and frequency fluctuations due to the high variations of wind speed. In addition, the proposed control system is suitable for both balanced and unbalanced distribution systems with high penetration levels of wind turbines (WTs). A squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is …
Research On The Dynamic Networking Of Smart Meters Based On Characteristics Of The Collected Data, Yaxin Huang, Yunlian Sun, Xiaodi Zhang
Research On The Dynamic Networking Of Smart Meters Based On Characteristics Of The Collected Data, Yaxin Huang, Yunlian Sun, Xiaodi Zhang
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In order to accurately collect the electricity usage information from the smart meter which uses the power line for communication, this paper proposes the method of dynamic networking to enhance the reliability of the smart meter communication. We shall firstly establish a logical topology between the smart meter and the concentrator with reference to their communication paths within the power supply range of the same transformer, and then grade smart meters, and choose the relay for each level network based on the selection methods of relay, and finally use the improved ant colony algorithm to choose the optimal communication path …
Investigation Of The Mechanism Of Transport Across The Poly/Monocrystalline Silicon Interface In Polysilicon-Emitter Bipolar Transistors Based On Variations In The Interface Treatment Process, Shahriar Jamasb
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Electrical transport across the poly/monocrystalline silicon (poly-Si/c-Si) interface has been investigated by introducing variations in the interface treatment process affecting the thickness of the native oxide layer formed on the silicon surface. The I-V relationship characterizing the resistance associated with this interface is extracted using an improved open-collector method, which eliminates the inherent nonlinearity arising from the reverse active characteristics of the bipolar transistor. The nonohmic behavior of the interface at low electric fields is demonstrated to be consistent with direct tunneling through a rectangular barrier presented by an ultrathin interfacial oxide layer. An approximate tunnel junction model is proposed …
Lower Order Controller Design Using Weighted Singular Perturbation Approximation, Muhammad Raees Furquan Azhar, Umair Zulfiqar, Muwahida Liaquat
Lower Order Controller Design Using Weighted Singular Perturbation Approximation, Muhammad Raees Furquan Azhar, Umair Zulfiqar, Muwahida Liaquat
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Most of the analytical design procedures yield controllers of almost the same order as that of the plant. Resultantly, if the plant is of a high order, the controller obtained from these design procedures is also of a high order. The order of the controller should be practically acceptable for easy implementation. There are two indirect methods for designing a low order controller for high order plants: plant reduction and compensator reduction. In compensator reduction, the order of the controller designed for the original higher order plant is reduced. In plant reduction, the order of the plant is reduced for …