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- Anion exchange resins (AERs); chlorination; disinfection by-products (DBPs); natural organic matter (NOM) (1)
- Asymmetry in tension-compression-shear (1)
- Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite bars (1)
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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Civil Engineering
Design And Construction Process Management, David Brown
Design And Construction Process Management, David Brown
David C. Brown
New approaches for improving design and construction processes have been used recently. Innovative methods for managing the requirements and quality of these processes will be discussed. A systematic data centric approach will be discussed as well as the processes of separating progress from performance. It discusses the integration of these processes in the planning, risk analysis, design, submission, construction, inspection, quality control and documentation phases.
Green Credits Versus Environmentally Sustainable Traffic Operations:A Comparison Of Contributions To Energy And Emissions Reductions, Yan Zhou, Lee Tupper, Mashrur Chowdhury, Leidy Klotz
Green Credits Versus Environmentally Sustainable Traffic Operations:A Comparison Of Contributions To Energy And Emissions Reductions, Yan Zhou, Lee Tupper, Mashrur Chowdhury, Leidy Klotz
Leidy E. Klotz
Although society is facing a variety of environmental issues, including the depletion of energy resources, and has a much greater awareness of climate change and its serious related social impacts, transportation systems have been pushed to increasingly greater limits because of the dramatic growth in traffic demand. A case study was performed to compare the contributions of green construction credits and those of environmentally sustainable traffic operations to reducing energy use and emissions. The study measured the impacts of green credits by using the Carnegie Mellon University economic input-output life-cycle assessment model. These impacts were compared with those achieved through …
Women As Sustainability Leaders In Engineering: Evidence From Industry And Academia In The U.S., Jennilee Harrison, Leidy Klotz
Women As Sustainability Leaders In Engineering: Evidence From Industry And Academia In The U.S., Jennilee Harrison, Leidy Klotz
Leidy E. Klotz
Women are underrepresented in engineering education and practice, which limits the quality of the engineering workforce. One way to increase the participation of women in engineering is to emphasize subjects that appeal to them and require skills at which they are especially adept. A subject that may fit this description is sustainability. To examine whether the subject of sustainability may help increase the participation of women in engineering, the purpose of this research is to compare the percentage of women in selected sustainable engineering leadership positions with the percentage of women in general engineering leadership positions. Gender data were collected …
Experimental Validation Of Multistep Quantitative Crack Damage Assessment For Truss Structures By Finite Element Model Updating, Soon Lee, Gunjin Yun, Mohammad Rahimi, Shen Shang
Experimental Validation Of Multistep Quantitative Crack Damage Assessment For Truss Structures By Finite Element Model Updating, Soon Lee, Gunjin Yun, Mohammad Rahimi, Shen Shang
Gunjin Yun
In this paper, a multistep damage quantification method has been experimentally validated by quantifying crack damage of load-carrying members of truss structures based on experimental vibration records. Damage quantifications are still challenging tasks for difficulties in interpreting response signals measured from engineering structures. Open crack depth is parameterized as a damage variable. The open crack in Euler–Bernoulli beam element is modeled by introducing local flexibility coefficients to the uncracked beam element with joint rotational flexibility. Mode shapes and natural frequencies measured from experimental modal testing of a damaged laboratory-size truss bridge are used in the finite element model updating for …
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
Gerald W Young
This article presents an approach to solving problems related to galvanic corrosion that involve moving boundaries (due to preferential corrosion of one of the metals in the system). The method incorporates an adaptive (node based, finite difference) grid technique for the treatment of boundary-related singularities that arise in the calculation of the electric potential. Simulation of the time evolution of the damage done by the corroding interface is performed using of a level set formulation. An analysis of the convergence of the method and a comparison with experimental data from the literature are included.
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
Kevin L. Kreider
This article presents an approach to solving problems related to galvanic corrosion that involve moving boundaries (due to preferential corrosion of one of the metals in the system). The method incorporates an adaptive (node based, finite difference) grid technique for the treatment of boundary-related singularities that arise in the calculation of the electric potential. Simulation of the time evolution of the damage done by the corroding interface is performed using of a level set formulation. An analysis of the convergence of the method and a comparison with experimental data from the literature are included.
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
An Adaptive Level Set Approach For Modeling Damage Due To Galvanic Corrosion, Joseph Wilder, Curtis Clemons, Dmitry Golovaty, Kevin Kreider, Gerald Young, R. Lillard
Curtis B. Clemons
This article presents an approach to solving problems related to galvanic corrosion that involve moving boundaries (due to preferential corrosion of one of the metals in the system). The method incorporates an adaptive (node based, finite difference) grid technique for the treatment of boundary-related singularities that arise in the calculation of the electric potential. Simulation of the time evolution of the damage done by the corroding interface is performed using of a level set formulation. An analysis of the convergence of the method and a comparison with experimental data from the literature are included.
Progressive Damage Simulation Of Triaxially Braided Composite Using A 3d Meso-Scale Finite Element Model, Chao Zhang, Ning Li, Wenzhi Wang, Wieslaw Binienda, Hongbing Fang
Progressive Damage Simulation Of Triaxially Braided Composite Using A 3d Meso-Scale Finite Element Model, Chao Zhang, Ning Li, Wenzhi Wang, Wieslaw Binienda, Hongbing Fang
Wieslaw K. Binienda
This article proposes a fully three-dimensional finite element model, developed at the meso-scale level, to predict the progressive damage behavior of a single-layer triaxially braided composite subjected to tensile loading conditions. An anisotropic damage model is established by Murakami–Ohno damage theory to predict damage initiation and progression in the fiber tows. A traction–separation law has been applied to predict theoretically the progressive damage of fiber tow interfaces. The proposed model correlates well with experiment on both global stress–strain responses and local strain distributions. According to the damage contours at different global strain levels, the damage development of fiber tows and …
Free-Edge Effect On The Effective Stiffness Of Single-Layer Triaxially Braided Composite, Chao Zhang, Wieslaw Binienda, Robert Goldberg
Free-Edge Effect On The Effective Stiffness Of Single-Layer Triaxially Braided Composite, Chao Zhang, Wieslaw Binienda, Robert Goldberg
Wieslaw K. Binienda
Free-edge effect is known to play an important role in the failure of triaxially braided composites, especially under transverse tension loading conditions. However, there is little understanding available regarding the free-edge effect on the elastic property of the material. The emphasis of the present study is to examine the impact of the free-edge effect on the effective elastic response of a single-layer triaxially braided composite. Transverse tension straight-sided coupon specimens with various widths are tested and analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate an obvious increase in the tangent modulus and failure strength as the specimen width increases. The surface out-of-plane displacement …
An Investigation Into Motorcycle Crashes In Work Zones, Alexander Maistros, Brandon Stakleff, William Schneider
An Investigation Into Motorcycle Crashes In Work Zones, Alexander Maistros, Brandon Stakleff, William Schneider
William H. Schneider
Objective: There were 454 motorcycle crashes in work zones within the state of Ohio between January 2006 and July 2012. Pavement degradation derived from work zones tend to have a hazardous effect on motorcycles and their safe passage. The objective of this study is to research the work zones where motorcycle crashes have taken place in order to determine any contributing factors. Methods: This study incorporates the collection of motorcycle crash data, including construction documents associated with the work zones in which the crashes occurred. Crash documents from the Ohio Department of Public safety and the Ohio Department of Transportation …
A Comparative Study Of Ni49.9 Ti50.1 And Ni50.3 Ti29.7 Hf20 Tube Actuators, J. Owusu-Danquah, A. Saleeb, B. Dhakal, S. Padula
A Comparative Study Of Ni49.9 Ti50.1 And Ni50.3 Ti29.7 Hf20 Tube Actuators, J. Owusu-Danquah, A. Saleeb, B. Dhakal, S. Padula
Atef Saleeb
A shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator typically has to operate for a large number of thermomechanical cycles due to its application requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the cyclic behavioral response of the SMA actuation material and the devices into which they are incorporated under extended cycling conditions. The present work is focused on the nature of the cyclic, evolutionary behavior of two widely used SMA actuator material systems: (1) a commercially available Ni49.9Ti50.1, and (2) a developmental high-temperature Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 alloy. Using a recently developed general SMA modeling framework that utilizes multiple inelastic mechanisms, differences and similarities between the …
Seismic Demand Models And Performance Evaluation Of Self-Centering And Conventional Concentrically Braced Frames, Mojtaba Dyanati, Qindan Huang, David Roke
Seismic Demand Models And Performance Evaluation Of Self-Centering And Conventional Concentrically Braced Frames, Mojtaba Dyanati, Qindan Huang, David Roke
David Roke
Self-centering concentrically braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed to increase the drift capacity of braced frame systems prior to damage. The SC-CBF has a column base detail that permits column uplift at a specified level of overturning moment resulting from lateral forces, softening the lateral force-lateral drift behavior of the system. Restoring forces from vertically-oriented posttensioning bars provides self-centering and reduces residual drift in the SC-CBF. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SC-CBF systems, a comparative study of seismic performance of SC-CBF systems with that of conventional CBF systems is performed using seismic fragility and engineering demand (e.g., peak inter-story …
Creep Rupture Performance Of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars, Pouya Banibayat, Anil Patnaik
Creep Rupture Performance Of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars, Pouya Banibayat, Anil Patnaik
Anil Patnaik
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bars are suitable substitutes for steel reinforcement in structural concrete because of their light weight and high specific strength and stiffness. Sustained load on FRP composites over the entire service life of the structure can cause failure by creep rupture at loads much smaller than those corresponding to static transient loads. Creep rupture test methods used by several researchers are presented, and a suitable loading arrangement and test method were selected for this study. The creep rupture properties of basalt FRP bars were determined using sustained loading applied to the test specimens simultaneously with an …
Closure To “Analysis And Design Method For Slope Stabilization Using A Row Of Drilled Shafts, Robert Liang, Arash Joorabchi, Lin Li
Closure To “Analysis And Design Method For Slope Stabilization Using A Row Of Drilled Shafts, Robert Liang, Arash Joorabchi, Lin Li
Robert Y. Liang
No abstract provided.
A Clustering Based Method To Evaluate Soil Corrosivity For Pipeline External Integrity Management, Ayako Yajima, Hui Wang, Robert Liang, Homero Castaneda
A Clustering Based Method To Evaluate Soil Corrosivity For Pipeline External Integrity Management, Ayako Yajima, Hui Wang, Robert Liang, Homero Castaneda
Robert Y. Liang
One important category of transportation infrastructure is underground pipelines. Corrosion of these buried pipeline systems may cause pipeline failures with the attendant hazards of property loss and fatalities. Therefore, developing the capability to estimate the soil corrosivity is important for designing and preserving materials and for risk assessment. The deterioration rate of metal is highly influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of a material and the environment of its surroundings. In this study, the field data obtained from the southeast region of Mexico was examined using various data mining techniques to determine the usefulness of these techniques for clustering soil corrosivity …
Bayesian Modeling Of External Corrosion In Underground Pipelines Based On The Integration Of Markov Chain Monte Carlo Techniques And Clustered Inspection Data, Hui Wang, Ayako Yajima, Robert Liang, Homero Castaneda
Bayesian Modeling Of External Corrosion In Underground Pipelines Based On The Integration Of Markov Chain Monte Carlo Techniques And Clustered Inspection Data, Hui Wang, Ayako Yajima, Robert Liang, Homero Castaneda
Robert Y. Liang
In this study, a model is developed to assess external corrosion in buried pipelines based on the unification of Bayesian inferential structure derived from Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques using clustered inspection data. This proposed stochastic model combines clustering algorithms that can ascertain the similarity of corrosion defects and Monte Carlo simulation that can give an accurate probability density function estimation of the corrosion rate. The metal loss rate is chosen as the indicator of corrosion damage propagation, obeying a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Bayesian theory was employed to update the probability distribution of metal loss rate as well …
Importance Sampling Based Algorithm For Efficient Reliability Analysis Of Axially Loaded Piles, Haijian Fan, Robert Liang
Importance Sampling Based Algorithm For Efficient Reliability Analysis Of Axially Loaded Piles, Haijian Fan, Robert Liang
Robert Y. Liang
In reliability analysis, the crude Monte Carlo method is known to be computationally demanding. To improve computational efficiency, this paper presents an importance sampling based algorithm that can be applied to conduct efficient reliability evaluation for axially loaded piles. The spatial variability of soil properties along the pile length is considered by random field modeling, in which a mean, a variance, and a correlation length are used to statistically characterize a random field. The local averaging subdivision technique is employed to generate random fields. In each realization, the random fields are used as inputs to the well-established load transfer method …
System Reliability Analysis For Anchor-Stabilised Slopes Considering Stochastic Corrosion Of Anchors, Lin Li, Robert Liang, Hanlong Liu
System Reliability Analysis For Anchor-Stabilised Slopes Considering Stochastic Corrosion Of Anchors, Lin Li, Robert Liang, Hanlong Liu
Robert Y. Liang
In this paper, a methodology using Monte Carlo simulation method was developed in conjunction with the modified limiting equilibrium method of slices. Additionally, the time-dependent deterioration of bond capacity of corroding soil anchors was developed in this methodology due to the attack of chlorides. Uncertainties of anchor-related variables and soil parameters were considered using pertinent statistical descriptors. Furthermore, the inherent stochastic nature of the corrosion and degradation process for the anchor/slope system was identified and incorporated in the simulation. A PC-based software, C-UASLOPE, has been coded to allow for handling of complex slope geometry, soil profile and groundwater conditions. An …
Seismic Demand Models And Performance Evaluation Of Self-Centering And Conventional Concentrically Braced Frames, Mojtaba Dyanati, Qindan Huang, David Roke
Seismic Demand Models And Performance Evaluation Of Self-Centering And Conventional Concentrically Braced Frames, Mojtaba Dyanati, Qindan Huang, David Roke
Qindan Huang
Self-centering concentrically braced frame (SC-CBF) systems have been developed to increase the drift capacity of braced frame systems prior to damage. The SC-CBF has a column base detail that permits column uplift at a specified level of overturning moment resulting from lateral forces, softening the lateral force-lateral drift behavior of the system. Restoring forces from vertically-oriented posttensioning bars provides self-centering and reduces residual drift in the SC-CBF. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SC-CBF systems, a comparative study of seismic performance of SC-CBF systems with that of conventional CBF systems is performed using seismic fragility and engineering demand (e.g., peak inter-story …
Transformation Of Iopamidol During Chlorination, Friedrich Wendel, Christian Eversloh, Edward Machek, Stephen Duirk, Michael Plewa, Susan Richardson, Thomas Ternes
Transformation Of Iopamidol During Chlorination, Friedrich Wendel, Christian Eversloh, Edward Machek, Stephen Duirk, Michael Plewa, Susan Richardson, Thomas Ternes
Stephen E. Duirk
The transformation of the iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol, iomeprol, and diatrizoate was examined in purified water over the pH range from 6.5 to 8.5 in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, monochloramine, and chlorine dioxide. In the presence of aqueous chlorine, only iopamidol was transformed. All other ICM did not show significant reactivity, regardless of the oxidant used. Chlorination of iopamidol followed a second order reaction, with an observed rate constant of up to 0.87 M–1 s–1 (±0.021 M–1 s–1) at pH 8.5. The hypochlorite anion was identified to be the reactive chlorine species. Iodine was released …
Comparison Of Anion Exchange Resins And Aluminum-Based Coagulants For Natural Organic Matter (Nom) Removal And Disinfection By-Product (Dbp) Formation, Elizabeth Crafton, Dayang Wu, Stephen Duirk
Comparison Of Anion Exchange Resins And Aluminum-Based Coagulants For Natural Organic Matter (Nom) Removal And Disinfection By-Product (Dbp) Formation, Elizabeth Crafton, Dayang Wu, Stephen Duirk
Stephen E. Duirk
Anion exchange resins (AERs) were compared with aluminum-based coagulants for reducing disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor concentrations from a source water collected in northeast Ohio, USA. Three AERs (IRA-910, IRA-958, and MIEX) were evaluated to determine which resin would remove the most natural organic matter (NOM) and moieties responsible for DBP formation. All the AERs were found to be highly proficient at NOM removal specifically the moieties that absorb UV254 (i.e., chromophores) over 75 min of contact time; however, MIEX removed NOM at a faster rate than IRA-910 and IRA-958 resins. Enhanced coagulation was effective at removing approximately 35% of the …
Correlation Of Polysiloxane Molecular Structure To Shear-Thinning Power-Law Exponent Using Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness Measurements, Thomas Zolper, Paul Shiller, Gary Doll, Manfred Jungk, Tobin Marks, Yip Chung, Aaron Greco, Babak Dehkordi, Qian Wang
Correlation Of Polysiloxane Molecular Structure To Shear-Thinning Power-Law Exponent Using Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness Measurements, Thomas Zolper, Paul Shiller, Gary Doll, Manfred Jungk, Tobin Marks, Yip Chung, Aaron Greco, Babak Dehkordi, Qian Wang
Gary L. Doll
Siloxane-based polymers (polysiloxanes) are susceptible to temporary shear-thinning that manifests as a reduction of elastohydrodynamic film thickness with increasing entrainment speed or effective shear rate. The departure from Newtonian film thickness can be predicted with the power-law exponent ns, an indicator of the severity of shear-thinning in a polymeric fluid that is influenced by the macromolecular structure. In this paper, a combination of extant rheological and tribological models is applied to determine the power-law exponent of several polysiloxanes using film thickness measurements. Film thickness data at several temperatures and slide-to-roll ratios are used to validate the methodology for several siloxane-based …
Metal Plaque On Reeds From An Acid Mine Drainage Site, Lin Guo, Teresa Cutright
Metal Plaque On Reeds From An Acid Mine Drainage Site, Lin Guo, Teresa Cutright
Teresa J. Cutright
Studies were conducted to investigate the interactions among rhizosphere microorganisms, plaque formation, and metal accumulation in reeds [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.] grown in an acid mine drainage–contaminated field. We found that Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (Fe(II)OB] played a key role in Fe plaque formation and pH decrease. The kinetics of Fe plaque formation were related to the abundance of rhizosphere Fe(II)OB, which mediated 66.0 to 93.3% Fe(II) oxidation. The Fe(II) concentration decreased from 14.24 to 0.94 mg L−1 in nonsterile samples, with the most abundant Fe(II)OB activity (5.64 ± 3.83 × 105 colony-forming units g−1) after 2 d, and pH …