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Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Mechanism Of Surface Faulting And Its Seismic Effect, Zhong-Qi Wang, Shu-Tung Zhao, Zheng-Lu Huang
Mechanism Of Surface Faulting And Its Seismic Effect, Zhong-Qi Wang, Shu-Tung Zhao, Zheng-Lu Huang
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The mechanism and reoccurrence rule of surface faulting have been analyzed based on macroscopic inspection and testing in the background of Tangshan earthquake 1976 and other events. It has been proved that such surface faulting bas only limited effect on surface structures nearby. And most of the surface ruptures in soil layer occurred in most earthquake zones are not the causative faults from focus up to the ground surface. Thus its seismic effect should be reestimated.
Observed And Predicted Liquefaction Of A Sand Stratum, A. Jaime, M. P. Romo, L. Montañez
Observed And Predicted Liquefaction Of A Sand Stratum, A. Jaime, M. P. Romo, L. Montañez
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Field observations and preliminary studies had led to the conclusion that the sand stratum liquefied only in a limited area during the March 14, 1979 earthquake. Further field studies revealed the presence of the sand layer throughout the Enmedio Island. This fact raised questions as to whether the sand liquefied or not in the whole area. To clarify this question, a research program which included cyclic triaxial testing and numerical analyses was undertaken. The results of this study show that the sand layer did liquefy through the Island; however, due to differences in stratigraphic characteristics, superficial signs of liquefaction were …
Local Site Behaviour In The 1976 Friuli Earthquake, M. Basili, V. Gorelli, F. Muzzi
Local Site Behaviour In The 1976 Friuli Earthquake, M. Basili, V. Gorelli, F. Muzzi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Soon after the main shock of Friuli, Italy, May 6th 1976 earthquake, two strong motion recorders accelerographs were installed in two sites about 650 meters distant one from the other. One instrument was installed on hard outcropping rock, the other at the surface of an alluvial deposit 20+25 meters thick underlain by a sloping bedrock. Among the numerous records obtained three aftershocks of magnitude about 6 and hypocentral distance within 20 Km, are investigated by comparing maximum accelerations, durations, Arias intensity and Husid ratios. A new numerical tool is proposed which consists of a series of plots of the Husid …
Observations And Analysis On Building Settlement Due To Tangshan Earthquake, Huang Xiling
Observations And Analysis On Building Settlement Due To Tangshan Earthquake, Huang Xiling
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper describes the significant settlement of buildings on saturated soft clay due to Tangshan earthquake. Results of dynamic triaxial tests and analysis of stress in subsoil will be given. The factors which influence the settlement will also be discussed herein.
Measurements Of Lnsitu Pore Water Pressures During Earthquakes, K. Ishihara
Measurements Of Lnsitu Pore Water Pressures During Earthquakes, K. Ishihara
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
By installing several sets of piezometers and a seismograph in a recently reclaimed sand deposit on Ohgishima Island near Tokyo, Japan, an attempt was made to monitor pore water pressures as well as horizontal accelerations during earthquakes. The limited data obtained thus far have indicated that virtually no pore water could build up in the loose sand deposit with a small scale shaking having a maximum horizontal acceleration of 45 gal on the ground surface.
Liquefaction Of The Enmedio Island Soil Deposits, A. Jaime, L. Montañez, M. P. Romo
Liquefaction Of The Enmedio Island Soil Deposits, A. Jaime, L. Montañez, M. P. Romo
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The results of field testing and of simplified liquefaction analyses of the Enmedio Island soil deposits are presented and discussed in this paper. It is found that for this case history simple criteria for assessing liquefaction potential yield results in accord with field behavior.
Geotechnical And Strong Motion Aspects Of Recent Indian Earthquakes, Jai Krishna
Geotechnical And Strong Motion Aspects Of Recent Indian Earthquakes, Jai Krishna
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
India had many strong earthquakes in the past. The paper describes some strong motion and geotechnical aspects of Indian earthquakes.
Geomechanics Of Reservoir Induced Seismicity, Thomas Vladut
Geomechanics Of Reservoir Induced Seismicity, Thomas Vladut
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Although induced seismicity associated with the impounding of reservoirs is a relatively rare phenomenon, it should nevertheless be taken into account, particularly in the design of dams located in aseismic zones. The operation of dams is not significantly affected by induced activities: the main concern arises in situations where unexpected events might affect the behavior of the construction due to soil liquefaction or might affect slope stability. This paper reviews the principal elements which are considered to affect the occurrence of the phenomenon: the weight of the water storage, and the development of pore pressure under the storage. Both elements …
Planning Instrumentation Monitoring In Dams, S. N. Guru Rau, R. K. Varma
Planning Instrumentation Monitoring In Dams, S. N. Guru Rau, R. K. Varma
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper outlines the seismic instrumentation being adopted for river valley projects in India, More than 60% of Indian sub-continent lies in an active seismic belt. Of this the middle and lower Himalayas constitute a major area wherein lies a huge untapped hydro-power potential, Being primarily constituted of younger rock formations, frequented by faults, thursts and shear zones and lying in a high seismic risk zone, observations through instruments play a significant role in perspective planning of projects in this area. Setting up of seismological observatories in advance of construction of dam projects, forms a part of investigative planning to …
Dynamic Consolidation Of Liquefiable Sands, R. K. M. Bhandari
Dynamic Consolidation Of Liquefiable Sands, R. K. M. Bhandari
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The Subsoils underneath a tank were improved by dynamic consolidation to density levels required to resist earthquake induced liquefaction. The paper presents seismic analysis of the refinery region, simple liquefaction potential analysis using modified depth reduction factors and performance of the tank resting on the densified ground. The degree of uniformity of compaction achieved by the dynamic consolidation has been discussed.
Improvement Of Characteristics Of A Liquefiable Soil Deposit By Pile Driving Operations, M. Iyengar
Improvement Of Characteristics Of A Liquefiable Soil Deposit By Pile Driving Operations, M. Iyengar
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Large scale failures of pile foundations driven in liquefiable soil deposits have been reported during the 1964 Alaska and Nighaata Earthquakes. Where the subsoil did not liquefy, the piles did not fail. These conclusions were the basis of selection of a proper pile type for the Bonoaigaon Complex wherein it was intended that the pile installation procedure shall also adequately densify the loose saturated sandy and silty subsoils prone to liquefaction during expected earthquakes at site. Studies were carried out to assess soil characteristics before and after piling and the resulting improvement in the subsoil. It is concluded that the …
Wave Propagation At The Surface Of Clay Deposits Due To Vertical Impact, G. Lefebvre, M. Veber, J. G. Beliveau
Wave Propagation At The Surface Of Clay Deposits Due To Vertical Impact, G. Lefebvre, M. Veber, J. G. Beliveau
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In a study of wave propagation at the surface of soft and sensitive clay deposits, particle velocities were measured at live sites of Champlain clay deposits in the province-of Quebec. Surface excitation was provided by the free fall of a mass and the measurements were obtained at different distances from the source at ground level and shallow depths. The major portion of the energy appears to be in the form of Rayleigh waves. Attention is focused on the effects of site parameters and in particular the depth of water table on the level of amplitude and the attenuation coefficient. As …
Poor Water Pressure Rises During Earthquakes, K. Ishihara
Poor Water Pressure Rises During Earthquakes, K. Ishihara
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A set of piezometers were embedded in sand deposits on a reclaimed island in Tokyo Bay and a seismograph was placed on the ground surface nearby in order to monitor insitu pore water pressures simultaneously with the horizontal accelerations during earthquakes. During the September 25, 1980 earthquake, the instruments registered increases of pore water pressures corresponding to 19% and 16 % of the effective confining pressure at depths of 6.0 m and 14.0 m, respectively. At the same time, a maximum horizontal acceleration of 95 gal was registered at the ground surface.
Local Soil Effects And Liquefaction In The 1978 Thessaloniki Earthquakes, George Gazetas, John Botsis
Local Soil Effects And Liquefaction In The 1978 Thessaloniki Earthquakes, George Gazetas, John Botsis
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The geotechnical aspects of three earthquakes that struck the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, on May 25, June 20 and July 4, 1978 are presented. General background information on the observed damage, seismic history and geology of the area is followed by detailed description of soil profiles, structural characteristics and accelerograms of ground motions recorded at three sites. Acceleration spectra are then examined and compared in order to assess the degree to which local and regional geology and soil-structure interaction affected the recorded motion. Finally, the possibility of liquefaction having taken place in a 6 m-thick saturated loose layer of silty …
Engineering Seismology Aspects Of The M-6.5, Southern Italy Earthquake Of Nov. 23, 1980: A Preliminary Review, E. Faccioli
Engineering Seismology Aspects Of The M-6.5, Southern Italy Earthquake Of Nov. 23, 1980: A Preliminary Review, E. Faccioli
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The paper provides an overview of salient engineering seismology features of the earthquake, which was one of the major seismic catastrophes occurring in Italy in this century. After a short description of the characteristics of the earthquake source and of the historical seismicity of the region, preliminary strong-motion and intensity data are presented. Aspects of geotechnical engineering interest include some large landslides in inhabited areas, and notable cases of correlation between severity of damage and local soil conditions and topography.
Electrical Characterization Of Soil For In-Situ Measurement Of Liquefaction Potential, K. Arulanandan, S. J. Harvey, J. S. Chak
Electrical Characterization Of Soil For In-Situ Measurement Of Liquefaction Potential, K. Arulanandan, S. J. Harvey, J. S. Chak
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A new method for characterizing the fundamental sand properties with electrical parameters is described. Correlations are established between the electrical parameters and relative density, Dr, cyclic stress ratio, τ/ σ'0, and the parameter K2max. An electrical probe, used to measure the electrical parameters in situ, is described. Field measurements, taken with the probe at one of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake sites, indicate that this is a viable alternative for the in situ evaluation of liquefaction potential.
Attenuation Of Ground Vibration Induced By Dynamical Machinery, S. J. Yang
Attenuation Of Ground Vibration Induced By Dynamical Machinery, S. J. Yang
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Attenuation of ground vibration induced by dynamic machinery is investigated with fundamental theory established for both Rayleigh and body waves. Therefore, for determining such attenuation is established, in which the effects of both of them and a coefficient of attenuation of soil that makes the practical calculation easier are involved. A lot of data in relation to the surface vibration measured at some production shops and construction sites has proved that the developed formula more satisfactory than Bornitz's.
Considerations About Some Aspects Of The 23rd November 1980 Earthquake, Filippo Ciuffi, Giuseppe Samela
Considerations About Some Aspects Of The 23rd November 1980 Earthquake, Filippo Ciuffi, Giuseppe Samela
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The macroscopic effects of the earthquake of the 23rd of November 1980 in southern Italy are well-known. The purpose of this short paper is to present after about five months, some more exact testimonies with some considerations about numerous questions connected to the geotechnical and geological problems in seismic areas. We have to be precise that we, in this paper, contemplate the MURO LUCANO and CASTELGRANDE areas (in Basilicata) (fig. 1)
Campano-Lucano Earthquake, November 1980, Italy, Strong Motion Data Related To Local Site Conditions, A. Fels, A. Pugliese, F. Muzzi
Campano-Lucano Earthquake, November 1980, Italy, Strong Motion Data Related To Local Site Conditions, A. Fels, A. Pugliese, F. Muzzi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
When the 23 November 1980 earthquake struck the south of Italy a network of strong motion recorders was in operation. The earthquake triggered 21 stations. The network is composed by 168 stations spread all over the country following statistical criterion, see Taccarino and Zaffiro, 1973. The paper presents the results of the records obtained at 6 of 21 stations together with the available geological information of the sites where the stations were located.
Session 8: Discussions, Multiple Authors
Session 8: Discussions, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Discussion On Moderator's Report, Peter M. Byrne
Discussion On Moderator's Report, Peter M. Byrne
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Discussion On "Improvement Of Characteristics Of A Liquefiable Soil Deposit By Pile Driving Operations", By M. Iyengar, Miguel P. Romo
Discussion On "Improvement Of Characteristics Of A Liquefiable Soil Deposit By Pile Driving Operations", By M. Iyengar, Miguel P. Romo
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Discussion On "Dynamic Consolidation Of Liqufiable Sands", By R.K.M. Bhandari, Miguel P. Romo
Discussion On "Dynamic Consolidation Of Liqufiable Sands", By R.K.M. Bhandari, Miguel P. Romo
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Author's Replies, Multiple Authors
Author's Replies, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Session 8: Final Comments By Moderator, K. Arulanandan
Session 8: Final Comments By Moderator, K. Arulanandan
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Seismic Response Of Subsurface Ground With Use Of Measured Underground Acceleration, T. Iwasaki, K. Kawashima, Y. Takagi
Seismic Response Of Subsurface Ground With Use Of Measured Underground Acceleration, T. Iwasaki, K. Kawashima, Y. Takagi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The seismic response of subsurface ground is investigated based on the measured underground acceleration records at three sites around the Tokyo Bay induced by several moderate earthquakes, Variations of maximum accelerations with respect to depth are described in both horizontal and vertical components, and Amplification of acceleration in underground is presented in terms of frequency response function, Correlations of the underground accelerations between theoretical calculation and actual records are also discussed.
Zonation Of Central U. S. Earthquake Sources, G. L. Hempen, M. J. Klosterman, B. H. Moore, John D. Rockaway, Gerald B. Rupert
Zonation Of Central U. S. Earthquake Sources, G. L. Hempen, M. J. Klosterman, B. H. Moore, John D. Rockaway, Gerald B. Rupert
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A variety of analyses are utilized in developing potential earthquake ground shaking at a specific location. Geological procedures for estimating causes of earthquakes are fundamental to the prediction of ground motions. Evaluations of geologic factors compliment mathematical assessments of seismological data. Earthquake potential in the Central United States is predicted using the concept of seismic source zones due to the difficulty of determining active faults. Resolution of these geographic source zones is dependent upon knowledge of historic seismicity, pertinent geologic features, and causative tectonics. Regardless of the method used to delineate source zones, these zones must be geologically and seismologically …
Different Magnitude-Epicentral Intensity Relations And Estimation Of Maximum Ground Acceleration, U. Chandra
Different Magnitude-Epicentral Intensity Relations And Estimation Of Maximum Ground Acceleration, U. Chandra
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
For an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 or larger, different published relations between magnitude, M, and epicentral intensity, I0, yield I0 values which may differ from each other by as much as one intensity unit or more. This implies an uncertainty of a factor of about 2 in the estimation of maximum ground acceleration. New empirical relations between M and I0 are derived using the revised estimates of I0 for several earthquakes. Suitability of some of the commonly used M - I0 relations for the estimation of maximum ground acceleration is examined by deriving acceleration-distance curves for …
Analysis Of Stresses In Seismically Induced Shallow Slope Failures, Luis E. Vallejo, Lawrence M. Peszek
Analysis Of Stresses In Seismically Induced Shallow Slope Failures, Luis E. Vallejo, Lawrence M. Peszek
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
An analysis of the stresses induced by a combination of static and seismic forces on the failure surface of shallow soil slope instabilities is presented. The geometry of the failures, either shallow planar of finite length or shallow rotational, is taken into consideration in the analysis. The stress induced by a combination of the above forces is found to be greater for the planar than for the rotational ones. Therefore, at limit equilibrium conditions, the former will predominate. Field measurements of the geometry of shallow soil slope failures corroborate the theoretical findings.
On Surface Waves In A Gibson Half-Space, I. Vardoulakis, V. Dougalis
On Surface Waves In A Gibson Half-Space, I. Vardoulakis, V. Dougalis
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Harmonic Rayleigh-type and transverse surface waves in a half-space of incompressible material with constant density and with shear modulus linearly increasing with depth (Gibson half-space) are discussed. Under certain hypotheses a discrete spectrum yielding polynomial Eigen functions is obtained, a fact which makes the eigenvalue problem more tractable. The dispersion laws are presented and evaluated numerically.