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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Haa Formation During Chloramination - Significance Of Monochloramine's Direct Reaction With Dom, Ying Hong, Suibing Liu, Hocheol Song, Tanju Karanfil
Haa Formation During Chloramination - Significance Of Monochloramine's Direct Reaction With Dom, Ying Hong, Suibing Liu, Hocheol Song, Tanju Karanfil
Tanju Karanfil
The literature reports significantly different patterns for haloacetic acid (HAA) formation kinetics during chloramination. This study systematically examines the routes of HAA formation and elucidates the cause(s) behind the inconsistencies and discrepancies reported for HAA formation patterns. Until now, it has been generally accepted that free chlorine that formed as a result of monochloramine decomposition was responsible for most of the HAA formation in chloraminated water. However, laboratory experiments conducted in this research indicated that the direct reaction of monochloramine with dissolved organic matter plays the major role in HAA formation during chloramination. In addition, the authors showed that the …
Effects Of Quenching Methods On Haa Determination In Chloraminated Waters, Ying Hong, Suibing Liu, Hocheol Song, Jia Hu, Nuray Ates, Tanju Karanfil
Effects Of Quenching Methods On Haa Determination In Chloraminated Waters, Ying Hong, Suibing Liu, Hocheol Song, Jia Hu, Nuray Ates, Tanju Karanfil
Tanju Karanfil
This study investigated how the determination of haloacetic acid (HAA) in chloraminated samples was affected by use of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), the chlorine quenching agent recommended in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 552.3. Alternative quenching agents and methods were also examined. Study results showed that using NH4Cl to preserve HAA samples obtained from chloraminated waters may result in positive errors for samples collected at short contact (or residence) time locations. The magnitude of these errors in practical applications will vary depending on several factors, including pH, reactivity of dissolved organic matter and concentration at the point …
The Impact Of Filtrate Turbidity On Uv254 And Suva254 Determinations, Tanju Karanfil, Ilke Erdogan, Mark Schlautman
The Impact Of Filtrate Turbidity On Uv254 And Suva254 Determinations, Tanju Karanfil, Ilke Erdogan, Mark Schlautman
Tanju Karanfil
UV254 and SUVA254 determinations are used in water treatment to obtain information about the nature of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in water samples. This article presents new information about obtaining accurate results for UV254 and SUVA254 (the ratio of UV254 to the concentration of DOC in the water) in freshwater samples. Although the potential impact of colloidal materials on UV254 results is mentioned in standard and US Environmental Protection Agency methods, these methods provide no clear guidance for validating such measurements. The main objectives of this research were to examine the effects of colloidal …
Tce Adsorption By Gac Preloaded With Humic Substances, James Kilduff, Tanju Karanfil, Walter Weber
Tce Adsorption By Gac Preloaded With Humic Substances, James Kilduff, Tanju Karanfil, Walter Weber
Tanju Karanfil
Adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) by activated carbon preloaded with humic and fulvic acids was studied under several conditions in completely mixed batch systems. The authors investigated how molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution of preloaded humic substances affected subsequent adsorption of TCE. TCE isotherms were measured on preloaded carbon in completely mixed batch reactors (CMBRs) and compared with TCE adsorption on nonpreloaded carbon. TCE isotherms were modeled using the two-parameter Freundlich and the three-parameter Langmuir-Freundlich isotherms. The effects of preloading and of molecular weight were evaluated in terms of changes in the TCE isotherms and computed site-energy distributions.
The Reactivity Of Dissolved Organic Matter For Disinfection By-Product Formation, Mehmet Kitis, Tanju Karanfil, James E. Kilduff
The Reactivity Of Dissolved Organic Matter For Disinfection By-Product Formation, Mehmet Kitis, Tanju Karanfil, James E. Kilduff
Tanju Karanfil
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in 6 water samples collected from 4 surface waters were fractionated using some or all of 5 physicochemical separation processes (activated carbon and XAD-8 batch adsorption, alum coagulation, ultrafiltration (UF), and XAD-8 column fractionation). Activated carbon, XAD-8 batch adsorption and alum coagulation processes fractionated DOM by preferentially removing high-SUVA components from solution. The XAD-8 column method fractionated DOM into hydrophobic and hydrophilic components while UF separated DOM into different size fractions. Over 40 DOM fractions, characterized using carbon-normalized (specific) ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), were obtained for each water. Trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA_9) formation after chlorination …
Formation Of Halonitromethanes And Iodo-Trihalomethanes In Drinking Water Summary, Tanju Karanfil, Jia Hu, Darryl B. Jones, Jesse W. Addison, Hocheol Song
Formation Of Halonitromethanes And Iodo-Trihalomethanes In Drinking Water Summary, Tanju Karanfil, Jia Hu, Darryl B. Jones, Jesse W. Addison, Hocheol Song
Tanju Karanfil
The main purpose of this study was to examine the conditions and precursors involved in the formation of two emerging classes of disinfection by-products (DBPs), halonitromethanes (HNMs) and iodo-trihalomethanes (I-THMs), which are not currently regulated but have been observed in some drinking water systems.
Aerogel & Iron-Oxide Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon Media For Arsenic Removal, Paul Westerhoff, Tanju Karanfil, John Crittenden
Aerogel & Iron-Oxide Impregnated Granular Activated Carbon Media For Arsenic Removal, Paul Westerhoff, Tanju Karanfil, John Crittenden
Tanju Karanfil
The goals of this proof-of-concept project were to (1) conduct batch experiments for aerogel-GAC and Fe-oxide impregnated GAC composites to evaluate their performance removing arsenic, (2) evaluate Fe-GAC media performance in rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs) to assess arsenic removal in a more dynamic treatment system, (3) evaluate Fe-GAC potential for removal of organic contaminants, and (4) characterize Fe-GAC media.
Coagulation-Ceramic Membrane Filtrati On For U.S. Surface Water Treatment Summary, Tanju Karanfil, Amir Y. Alansari, James E. Amburgey, Meric Selbes, Jaehong Kim, Seungjin Lee, Yonggyun Park
Coagulation-Ceramic Membrane Filtrati On For U.S. Surface Water Treatment Summary, Tanju Karanfil, Amir Y. Alansari, James E. Amburgey, Meric Selbes, Jaehong Kim, Seungjin Lee, Yonggyun Park
Tanju Karanfil
The objective of this project was to conduct a systematic pilot-scale investigation of a hybrid coagulation-ceramic membrane treatment system to gain fundamental insights about necessary pretreatment conditions, fouling mechanisms, and contaminant removal capabilities, using two U.S. surface water sources. A two-phase plan was implemented for each of the three coagulants considered in this study: aluminum sulfate, aluminum chlorohydrate, and ferric chloride. The first phase involved the optimization of the coagulation pretreatment conditions that provided the best performance in terms of particle removal, organics removal, and membrane fouling. The second phase involved a comprehensive performance evaluation of the optimized system. The …
Miex® Treatment Of An Effluent-Impacted Stream, Xiaojie Gan, Daekyun Kim, Tanju Karanfil
Miex® Treatment Of An Effluent-Impacted Stream, Xiaojie Gan, Daekyun Kim, Tanju Karanfil
Tanju Karanfil
A case study was conducted to examine the magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) process for treating water impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluent and removing disinfection by-product precursors. The plant effluent increased dissolved organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), anions, and disinfection by-product precursors at the discharge and downstream locations. The MIEX process reduced dissolved organic carbon by 42-47%, UV254 absorbance by 61-68%, and trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation potential (FP) by 50-70% at different downstream locations. On the other hand, halonitromethane FP was reduced by only 10-15% and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) FP increased as a result of chloramination after …
Calculating The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Water Utilities, Anthony Johnston, Tanju Karanfil
Calculating The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Water Utilities, Anthony Johnston, Tanju Karanfil
Tanju Karanfil
The objective of this study was to develop and test a user-friendly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions accounting tool for water utilities. The tool was designed to assist utilities in calculating GHG emissions for the purposes of complying with future regulation and reporting requirements, providing information for city and state climate action plans, and fulfilling voluntary carbon emissions goals. For utilities lacking accurate energy use data, equations were developed to predict energy use for three phases of water production: raw water collection, water treatment, and finished water distribution. The tool was tested by seven Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina utilities, …
Source Water And Microfiltration Plant Manganese Control Study, Daniel Lewis, David Ladner, Tanju Karanfil
Source Water And Microfiltration Plant Manganese Control Study, Daniel Lewis, David Ladner, Tanju Karanfil
Tanju Karanfil
A combined field and laboratory manganese study was conducted for the Startex-Jackson-Wellford-Duncan Water District in Wellford, S.C. Through source water characterization, it was found that biochemical processes in the river affected manganese concentrations more than any processes in the lake feeding the river. Because measures taken in the lake would not control manganese at the plant intake, in-plant treatment was required. Bench-top experiments evaluated three treatment trains: potassium permanganate (KMnO4) direct oxidation followed by microfiltration (MF), manganese-coated media bed before MF, and manganese-coated media bed after MF. All processes removed manganese, with the media bed processes consistently achieving …