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Full-Text Articles in Catalysis and Reaction Engineering
Conversion Of Diethylamine Into Nitrogen Oxides During Combustion In Chemically Active Fluidized Bed, Beata Kowarska, Witold Zukowski, Jerzy Baron
Conversion Of Diethylamine Into Nitrogen Oxides During Combustion In Chemically Active Fluidized Bed, Beata Kowarska, Witold Zukowski, Jerzy Baron
Witold Zukowski
Combustion processes of gaseous fuel (propane) without and with addition of various amounts of diethylamine in fluidized bed, made of chemically active calcium oxide, were run and studied. On the basis of registered temperature, dynamic pressure in reaction zone and composition of exhaust fumes, analysis of diethylamine conversion into nitrogen oxides and its influence on kinetics of propane combustion process was carried out. The complexity of solid fuels (alternative or biomass which can contain large amount of nitrogen compounds in a form of amines, heterocyclic compounds, amino acids etc.) combustion caused that at this phase of researches, incineration of gaseous …
Selective Phenol Methylation To 2,6-Dimethylphenol In A Fluidized Bed Of Iron-Chromium Mixed Oxide Catalyst With O–Cresol Circulation, Witold Zukowski, Gabriela Berkowicz, Jerzy Baron, Stanisław Kandefer, Dariusz Jamanek, Stefan Szarlik, Zbigniew Wielgosz, Maria Zielecka
Selective Phenol Methylation To 2,6-Dimethylphenol In A Fluidized Bed Of Iron-Chromium Mixed Oxide Catalyst With O–Cresol Circulation, Witold Zukowski, Gabriela Berkowicz, Jerzy Baron, Stanisław Kandefer, Dariusz Jamanek, Stefan Szarlik, Zbigniew Wielgosz, Maria Zielecka
Witold Zukowski
Background 2,6-dimethylphenol (2,6-DMP) is a product of phenol methylation, especially important for the plastics industry. The process of phenol methylation in the gas phase is strongly exothermic. In order to ensure good temperature equalization in the catalyst bed, the process was carried out using a catalyst in the form of a fluidized bed - in particular, the commercial iron-chromium catalyst TZC-3/1. Results Synthesis of 2,6-dimethylphenol from phenol and methanol in fluidized bed of iron-chromium catalyst was carried out and the fluidization of the catalyst was examined. Stable state of fluidized bed of iron-chromium catalyst was achieved. The measured velocities allowed …
Conversion Of Nitrogen Compounds Into Nitrogen Oxides During Combustion In A Fluidised Bed Reactor, Witold Zukowski, Beata Kowarska
Conversion Of Nitrogen Compounds Into Nitrogen Oxides During Combustion In A Fluidised Bed Reactor, Witold Zukowski, Beata Kowarska
Witold Zukowski
Combustion processes of alternative fuels with high nitrogen content can cause nitrogen oxides emission which is unacceptable from an environmental and legal point of view. Reactions of nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia or heterocyclic compounds, are complex and there is a lack of specialized complete knowledge about them. This paper reports processes of propane combustion in a fluidized bed reactor without and with ammonia or pyridine addition into the reaction zone, especially nitrogen compound conversion into NxOy. Ammonia is converted into NxOy up to 78%, and pyridine up to 93%. The main product of their reactions is NO (average 97%). Residual …