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Articles 1 - 30 of 89

Full-Text Articles in Catalysis and Reaction Engineering

Call For Abstracts - Resrb 2019, July 8-9, Wrocław, Poland, Wojciech M. Budzianowski Dec 2018

Call For Abstracts - Resrb 2019, July 8-9, Wrocław, Poland, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.

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Laboratory Catalytic Reactors For Testing Heterogeneous Catalysts: A Practical Introduction, Steven Zhou, Jason Yang Jan 2018

Laboratory Catalytic Reactors For Testing Heterogeneous Catalysts: A Practical Introduction, Steven Zhou, Jason Yang

Jason Yang

Laboratory catalytic reactors are commonly used to evaluate performance of heterogeneous catalysts. It is of importance to select appropriate reactors for specific catalytic system before actual experiments are carried out. In the present work, various laboratory catalytic reactors are introduced and summarized for testing heterogeneous catalysts.

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Kinetics Of Glycerol Conversion To Hydrocarbon Fuels Over Pd/H-Zsm-5 Catalyst, Yang Xiao, Arvind Varma Aug 2017

Kinetics Of Glycerol Conversion To Hydrocarbon Fuels Over Pd/H-Zsm-5 Catalyst, Yang Xiao, Arvind Varma

Yang Xiao

The utilization of glycerol, primary byproduct of biodiesel production, is important to enhance process economics. In our recent prior work, it was shown that glycerol can be converted to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional catalysts, containing a noble metal supported on H-ZSM-5. Over Pd/H-ZSM-5 catalyst, an optimal ∼60% yield of hydrocarbon fuels was obtained. In the present work, based on experimental data over Pd/H-ZSM-5 catalyst, a lumped reaction network and kinetic model are developed. Using differential kinetic experiments over the temperature range 300–450°C, the rate constants, reaction orders, and activation energies are obtained for each reaction step. The predicted values match …

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Mo@ Pt Overlayers As Efficient Catalysts For Hydrodeoxygenation Of Guaiacol And Anisole, Qinghua Lai Jun 2017

Mo@ Pt Overlayers As Efficient Catalysts For Hydrodeoxygenation Of Guaiacol And Anisole, Qinghua Lai

Qinghua Lai

Silica alumina supported Mo@Pt overlayer catalysts were prepared via the directed deposition technique and evaluated for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol and anisole. As predicted computationally, Mo@Pt overlayers showed reduced heats of hydrogen and carbon monoxide adsorption via chemisorption. The decreased activity of Mo@Pt overlayer catalysts for the ethylene hydrogenation descriptor reaction also suggested decreased hydrogen adsorption strength compared to a Pt only catalyst. H2-TPR results demonstrated the close interaction between Pt and Mo species for Mo@Pt overlayer catalysts and the enhanced reducibility of the molybdenum oxides via deposition of Pt to Mo. Mo@Pt overlayer catalysts showed significantly improved guaiacol and …

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Characterization Of Iron Phthalocyanine As The Cathode Active Material For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Sarwan S. Sandhu, Joseph P. Fellner Mar 2017

Characterization Of Iron Phthalocyanine As The Cathode Active Material For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Sarwan S. Sandhu, Joseph P. Fellner

Sarwan S. Sandhu

The developed thermodynamic functions for the determination of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of formation of solid lithium-iron phthalocyanine (LixFePc) from solid lithium and iron phthalocyanine as a function of x, defined as g-moles of the intercalated lithium per g-mole of iron phthalocyanine, at a fixed set of temperature and pressure conditions are presented. In addition, a proposed expression for the evaluation of lithium diffusion coefficient in solid iron phthalocyanine as a function of both x and temperature, and the experimental results from the ongoing research/development work on the lithium/iron phthalocyanine cells are included.

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Kinetics Of Guaiacol Deoxygenation Using Methane Over The Pt–Bi Catalyst, Yang Xiao, Arvind Varma Nov 2016

Kinetics Of Guaiacol Deoxygenation Using Methane Over The Pt–Bi Catalyst, Yang Xiao, Arvind Varma

Yang Xiao

Using H2 as a reductant, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is typically used for upgrading bio-oils, generally produced from thermal degradation of lignin. In our recent prior work, methane was used to deoxygenate guaiacol over the Pt–Bi catalyst and was found to exhibit as good deoxygenation performance as hydrogen. In the present work, using methane as a reductant, detailed reaction pathways and kinetics of guaiacol deoxygenation are studied using differential and integral operating conditions. Kinetic parameters including rate constants and activation energies are determined for each individual reaction step. The model predicted values match experimental data well. Results from the present …

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Conversion Of Glycerol To Hydrocarbon Fuels Via Bifunctional Catalysts, Yang Xiao, Arvind Varma Oct 2016

Conversion Of Glycerol To Hydrocarbon Fuels Via Bifunctional Catalysts, Yang Xiao, Arvind Varma

Yang Xiao

Utilization of byproduct glycerol improves biodiesel production in terms of both economics and sustainability. Conversion of glycerol to hydrocarbon (GTH) fuels is among the promising options, which provides additional renewable energy besides biodiesel and contributes further to independence from fossil fuels. In the present work, bifunctional catalysts (Pt/H-ZSM-5 and Pd/H-ZSM-5) were selected, prepared, characterized, and tested for GTH conversion. The addition of noble metals enhances aromatics’ yield, and both catalysts convert GTH fuels effectively. On the basis of the experimental observations and prior literature, it is proposed that GTH conversion follows sequential hydrodeoxygenation and aromatization steps. Under optimized conditions, ∼90% …

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Use Of Hydrogen Chemisorption And Ethylene Hydrogenation As Predictors For Aqueous Phase Reforming Of Lactose Over Ni@Pt And Co@Pt Bimetallic Overlayer Catalysts.Pdf, Qinghua Lai Sep 2016

Use Of Hydrogen Chemisorption And Ethylene Hydrogenation As Predictors For Aqueous Phase Reforming Of Lactose Over Ni@Pt And Co@Pt Bimetallic Overlayer Catalysts.Pdf, Qinghua Lai

Qinghua Lai

Overlayer Pt on Ni (Ni@Pt) or Co (Co@Pt) were synthesized and tested for H2 generation from APR of lactose. H2 chemisorption descriptor showed that Ni@Pt and Co@Pt overlayer catalysts had reduced H2 adsorption strength compared to a Pt only catalyst, which agree with computational predictions. The overlayer catalysts also demonstrated lower activity for ethylene hydrogenation than the Pt only catalyst, which likely resulted from decreased H2 binding strength decreasing the surface coverage of H2. XAS results showed that overlayer catalysts exhibited higher white line intensity than the Pt catalyst, which indicates a negative d-band shift for the Pt overlayer, further …

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Hydrodeoxygenation Of Guaiacol Over Ni@Pd And Ni@Pt Bimetallic Overlayer Catalysts.Pdf, Qinghua Lai Sep 2016

Hydrodeoxygenation Of Guaiacol Over Ni@Pd And Ni@Pt Bimetallic Overlayer Catalysts.Pdf, Qinghua Lai

Qinghua Lai

First principle computational studies have predicted that formation of Pd or Pt overlayer on Ni base metal would cause a negative shift of the d-band center of surface Pd or Pt, resulting in reduced binding strength for adsorbed species. In this paper, silica alumina supported Ni@Pd and Ni@Pt overlayer catalysts were synthesized via directed deposition technique and tested for hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol at atmospheric pressure. Several characterization techniques such as hydrogen chemisorption, ethylene hydrogenation descriptor reaction, XRD and TEM studies were employed to characterize the catalysts. H2 chemisorption results showed that Ni@Pd and Ni@Pt overlayer catalysts had reduced H2 adsorption …

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An Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Glycerol Oxidation To 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone Over Bimetallic Pt-Bi Catalysts, Yang Xiao, Jeff Greeley, Guomin Xiao, Zhi-Jian Zhao, Arvind Varma Jul 2016

An Experimental And Theoretical Study Of Glycerol Oxidation To 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone Over Bimetallic Pt-Bi Catalysts, Yang Xiao, Jeff Greeley, Guomin Xiao, Zhi-Jian Zhao, Arvind Varma

Yang Xiao

It is important to utilize glycerol, the main by-product of biodiesel, to manufacture value-added chemicals such as 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA). In the present work, the performance of five different catalysts (Pt-Bi/AC, Pt-Bi/ZSM-5, Pt/MCM-41, Pt-Bi/MCM-41, and Pt/Bi-doped-MCM-41) was investigated experimentally, where Pt-Bi/MCM-41 was found to exhibit the highest DHA yield. To better understand the experimental results and to obtain insight into the reaction mechanism, density functional theory (DFT) computations were conducted to provide energy barriers of elementary steps. Both experimental and calculated results show that for high DHA selectivity, Bi should be located in an adatom-like configuration Pt, rather than inside Pt. …

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Guaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation Over Platinum Catalyst: Reaction Pathways And Kinetics, Danni Gao, Yang Xiao, Arvind Varma Oct 2015

Guaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation Over Platinum Catalyst: Reaction Pathways And Kinetics, Danni Gao, Yang Xiao, Arvind Varma

Yang Xiao

Guaiacol represents a large fraction of lignin derived pyrolysis bio-oils. It was shown in our prior work that Pt has higher activity and stability for guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation as compared to other noble metal catalysts. In the present study, further theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted to reveal the reaction pathways and kinetics. For Pt/C catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor, the main liquid phase reaction products were phenol, catechol and cyclopentanone. Because cyclopentanone was typically not observed in the prior literature, a pathway for its formation was proposed and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By varying the space velocity, …

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Catalytic Deoxygenation Of Guaiacol Using Methane, Yang Xiao Sep 2015

Catalytic Deoxygenation Of Guaiacol Using Methane, Yang Xiao

Yang Xiao

Guaiacol, produced by thermal degradation of lignin, represents a model compound for upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oils by deoxygenation. In our prior work, with Pt/C catalyst, such a process using H2 was studied. To overcome the high cost of H2, methane is used in this work to deoxygenate guaiacol. On Pt/C catalyst, in terms of guaiacol conversion and product distribution, methane is found to exhibit as good deoxygenation performance as H2. The lifetime of this catalyst, however, is short (<3 h). The lifetime of Pt–Bi/C catalyst is extended (no significant deactivation in 5 h), by addition of bismuth as a …

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Notice On New Research Results Regarding Syngas Production, João F. Gomes Mar 2015

Notice On New Research Results Regarding Syngas Production, João F. Gomes

João F Gomes

Notice on new research results regading synthesis gas production by electrolysis

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Effects Of Nano Additives On Hydrogen Storage Behavior Of The Multinary Complex Hydride Libh4/Linh2/Mgh2., Sesha Srinivasan, Michael Niemann, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Kimberly Mcgrath, Prakash Sharma, D. Goswami, Elias Stefanakos Mar 2015

Effects Of Nano Additives On Hydrogen Storage Behavior Of The Multinary Complex Hydride Libh4/Linh2/Mgh2., Sesha Srinivasan, Michael Niemann, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Kimberly Mcgrath, Prakash Sharma, D. Goswami, Elias Stefanakos

Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers

No abstract provided.

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Development Of A High-Throughput Methodology For Screening Coking Resistance Of Modified Thin-Film Catalysts, Kaijian Yang, John Bedenbaugh, Hang Li, Michael Peralta, Johnathan Bunn, Jochen Lauterbach, Jason Hattrick-Simpers Mar 2015

Development Of A High-Throughput Methodology For Screening Coking Resistance Of Modified Thin-Film Catalysts, Kaijian Yang, John Bedenbaugh, Hang Li, Michael Peralta, Johnathan Bunn, Jochen Lauterbach, Jason Hattrick-Simpers

Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers

No abstract provided.

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The Materials Super Highway: Integrating High-Throughput Experimentation Into Mapping The Catalysis Materials Genome, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Cun Wen, Jochen Lauterbach Mar 2015

The Materials Super Highway: Integrating High-Throughput Experimentation Into Mapping The Catalysis Materials Genome, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Cun Wen, Jochen Lauterbach

Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers

No abstract provided.

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Observation Of Phase Transitions In Hydrogenated Yttrium Films Via Normalized Infrared Emissivity, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Ke Wang, Lei Cao, Chun Chiu, Edwin Heilweil, Robert Downing, Leonid Bendersky Mar 2015

Observation Of Phase Transitions In Hydrogenated Yttrium Films Via Normalized Infrared Emissivity, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Ke Wang, Lei Cao, Chun Chiu, Edwin Heilweil, Robert Downing, Leonid Bendersky

Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers

No abstract provided.

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Self-Healing Catalysts: Co3O4 Nanorods For Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Cun Wen, Darrius Dunbar, Xin Zhang, Jochen Lauterbach, Jason Hattrick-Simpers Mar 2015

Self-Healing Catalysts: Co3O4 Nanorods For Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Cun Wen, Darrius Dunbar, Xin Zhang, Jochen Lauterbach, Jason Hattrick-Simpers

Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers

We combine kinetic and spectroscopic data to demonstrate the concept of a self-healing catalyst, which effectively eliminates the need for catalyst regeneration. The observed self-healing is triggered by controlling the crystallographic orientation at the catalyst surface.

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Effects Of Neutron And Gamma Radiation On Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jie Qiu, Dandan He, Mingzhai Sun, Shimeng Li, Cun Wen, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Yuan Zheng, Lei Cao Mar 2015

Effects Of Neutron And Gamma Radiation On Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jie Qiu, Dandan He, Mingzhai Sun, Shimeng Li, Cun Wen, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Yuan Zheng, Lei Cao

Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers

No abstract provided.

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One-Step Production Of Long-Chain Hydrocarbons From Waste-Biomass-Derived Chemicals Using Bi-Functional Heterogeneous Catalysts, Cun Wen, Elizabeth Barrow, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Jochen Lauterbach Mar 2015

One-Step Production Of Long-Chain Hydrocarbons From Waste-Biomass-Derived Chemicals Using Bi-Functional Heterogeneous Catalysts, Cun Wen, Elizabeth Barrow, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Jochen Lauterbach

Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers

n this study, we demonstrate the production of long-chain hydrocarbons (C8+) from 2-methylfuran (2MF) and butanal in a single step reactive process by utilizing a bi-functional catalyst with both acid and metallic sites. Our approach utilizes a solid acid for the hydroalkylation function and as a support as well as a transition metal as hydrodeoxygenation catalyst. A series of solid acids was screened, among which MCM-41 demonstrated the best combination of activity and stability. Platinum nanoparticles were then incorporated into the MCM-41. The Pt/MCM-41 catalyst showed 96% yield for C8+ hydrocarbons and the catalytic performance was stable over four reaction …

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Zespół Energii Odnawialnej I Zrównoważonego Rozwoju (Eozr), Wojciech M. Budzianowski Dec 2014

Zespół Energii Odnawialnej I Zrównoważonego Rozwoju (Eozr), Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.

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Conversion Of Diethylamine Into Nitrogen Oxides During Combustion In Chemically Active Fluidized Bed, Beata Kowarska, Witold Zukowski, Jerzy Baron Dec 2014

Conversion Of Diethylamine Into Nitrogen Oxides During Combustion In Chemically Active Fluidized Bed, Beata Kowarska, Witold Zukowski, Jerzy Baron

Witold Zukowski

Combustion processes of gaseous fuel (propane) without and with addition of various amounts of diethylamine in fluidized bed, made of chemically active calcium oxide, were run and studied. On the basis of registered temperature, dynamic pressure in reaction zone and composition of exhaust fumes, analysis of diethylamine conversion into nitrogen oxides and its influence on kinetics of propane combustion process was carried out. The complexity of solid fuels (alternative or biomass which can contain large amount of nitrogen compounds in a form of amines, heterocyclic compounds, amino acids etc.) combustion caused that at this phase of researches, incineration of gaseous …

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Electrochemically Active Biofilm Assisted Synthesis Of Ag@Ceo2 Nanocomposites For Antimicrobial Activity, Photocatalysis And Photoelectrodes, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, S. A. Ansari, J. H. Lee, M. O. Ansari, J Lee, M. H. Cho Sep 2014

Electrochemically Active Biofilm Assisted Synthesis Of Ag@Ceo2 Nanocomposites For Antimicrobial Activity, Photocatalysis And Photoelectrodes, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, S. A. Ansari, J. H. Lee, M. O. Ansari, J Lee, M. H. Cho

Dr. Mohammad Mansoob Khan

Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by a biogenic and green approach using electrochemically active biofilms (EABs) as a reducing tool. The as-synthesized Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites were characterized and used in antimicrobial, visible light photocatalytic and photoelectrode studies. The Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites showed effective and efficient bactericidal activities and survival test against Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The as-synthesized Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites also exhibited enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue than pure CeO2. A photocatalytic investigation showed that the Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites possessed excellent visible light photocatalytic activities compared to pure CeO2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and photocurrent measurements showed that the …

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Au@Tio2 Nanocomposites For The Catalytic Degradation Of Methyl Orange And Methylene Blue: An Electron Relay Effect, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, J. Lee, M. H. Cho Aug 2014

Au@Tio2 Nanocomposites For The Catalytic Degradation Of Methyl Orange And Methylene Blue: An Electron Relay Effect, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, J. Lee, M. H. Cho

Dr. Mohammad Mansoob Khan

Au@TiO2 nanocomposites were used for the catalytic degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue by NaBH4. A detail pathway for step by step reduction, oxidation and complete mineralization of intermediates into the respective end-products was established by UV-vis spectroscopy, chemical oxygen demand, ion chromatography and cyclic voltammetry (CV). CV studies confirmed that the dyes were reduced and oxidized to the end-products by NaBH4 in the presence of Au@TiO2 nanocomposites and O2•, •OH and HO2• radicals generated in-situ. Results suggest that Au@TiO2 nanocomposites not only assist in the decolorization of dyes, but also promote their complete mineralization into harmless end-products.

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Highly Visible Light Active Ag@Zno Nanocomposites Synthesized By Gel-Combustion Route, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, S. A. Ansari, J. Lee, M. H. Cho Aug 2014

Highly Visible Light Active Ag@Zno Nanocomposites Synthesized By Gel-Combustion Route, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, S. A. Ansari, J. Lee, M. H. Cho

Dr. Mohammad Mansoob Khan

Highly visible light active 1% and 3% Ag@ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized via a gel combustion route using citric acid as a fuel. The formation of the nanocomposites with enhanced properties was confirmed using a range of characterization techniques, photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical studies. Compared to the pristine ZnO nanoparticles, the Ag@ZnO nanocomposites exhibited enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue and photoelectrochemical response. A mechanism was proposed to account for the photocatalytic activities of the Ag@ZnO nanocomposite that showed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Ag is an effective way of enhancing the visible light photocatalytic activities.

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Solar And Visible Light Driven Photocatalysis For Sacrificial Hydrogen Generation And Water Detoxification With Chemically Modified Ti02, Pankaj Chowdhury Jul 2014

Solar And Visible Light Driven Photocatalysis For Sacrificial Hydrogen Generation And Water Detoxification With Chemically Modified Ti02, Pankaj Chowdhury

PC

Photocatalysis is a recognized approach where light energy is employed to excite the semiconductor material producing electron/hole pair which eventually involves in the detoxification of pollutants and/or water splitting producing hydrogen. Existing photocatalysts suffer from poor activity or no activity in visible light irradiation which restricts them from solar light utilization. This work is focused on two key applications of photocatalysis (i) sacrificial hydrogen generation, and (ii) phenol degradation in visible and/or solar light. Platinum was loaded on TiO2 photocatalyst by solar photo-deposition method. Eosin Y dye was used as a sensitizer for sensitization of platinum loaded TiO2 photocatalyst. The …

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Construction And Reactivity Screening Of A Surface Composition Gradient For Combinatorial Discovery Of Electro-Oxidation Catalysts, Shrisudersan Jayaraman, Andrew C. Hillier May 2014

Construction And Reactivity Screening Of A Surface Composition Gradient For Combinatorial Discovery Of Electro-Oxidation Catalysts, Shrisudersan Jayaraman, Andrew C. Hillier

Andrew C. Hillier

Materials possessing gradients in composition or structure are of interest for a range of applications, including the construction of functionally graded structural materials, as novel sensor and actuator platforms, and to control the site-specific binding of proteins and cells on surfaces. Gradients can also be used as sample libraries for combinatorial materials discovery that present an extremely dense sample set.

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Band Gap Engineering Of Ceo2 Nanostructure Using An Electrochemically Active Biofilm For Visible Light Applications, S A. Ansari, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, M. O. Ansari, J. Lee, M. H. Cho Apr 2014

Band Gap Engineering Of Ceo2 Nanostructure Using An Electrochemically Active Biofilm For Visible Light Applications, S A. Ansari, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, M. O. Ansari, J. Lee, M. H. Cho

Dr. Mohammad Mansoob Khan

Narrowing the optical band gap of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanostructures is essential for visible light applications. This paper reports a green approach to enhance the visible light photocatalytic activity of pure CeO2 nanostructures (p-CeO2) through defect-induced band gap narrowing using an electrochemically active biofilm (EAB). X-ray diffraction, UV-visible diffuse reflectance/absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the defect-induced band gap narrowing of the CeO2 nanostructure (m-CeO2). The structural, optical, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties also revealed the presence of structural defects caused by the reduction of Ce4+ to …

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Modeling Stress Distributions In Anodic Alumina Films Prior To The Onset Of Pore Formation, Kurt R. Hebert, Ömer Ö. Çapraz, Shinsuke Ide, Pranav Shrotriya Mar 2014

Modeling Stress Distributions In Anodic Alumina Films Prior To The Onset Of Pore Formation, Kurt R. Hebert, Ömer Ö. Çapraz, Shinsuke Ide, Pranav Shrotriya

Ömer Özgür Çapraz

Porous anodic oxide (PAO) films are produced when reactive metals such as Al and Ti are electrochemically oxidized in baths that dissolve the oxide. Research in PAObased devices has been stimulated by the self-organized hexagonally ordered pore arrays found for some anodizing conditions. The initiation and ordering of pores follows a morphological instability of the initially planar barrier oxide, upon reaching a critical oxide thickness.

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Morphological Instability Leading To The Formation Of Self-Ordered Porous Anodic Oxide Films, Ömer Özgür Çapraz, Kurt R. Hebert, Pranav Shrotriya, Fanliang Gao, Wei Hong Mar 2014

Morphological Instability Leading To The Formation Of Self-Ordered Porous Anodic Oxide Films, Ömer Özgür Çapraz, Kurt R. Hebert, Pranav Shrotriya, Fanliang Gao, Wei Hong

Ömer Özgür Çapraz

Porous anodic oxide (PAO) films are grown by electrochemical polarization of Al, Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf, and W in baths that dissolve the oxide. Procedures to grow films with highly ordered arrangements of nanoscale pores have led to the extensive use of PAO films as templates for nanostructured devices. The porous film geometry may be controlled precisely via the film formation voltage and bath composition (1). Recently, tracer studies and modeling showed that transport in the amorphous oxide involves both electrical migration and plastic flow (2,3). The oxide seems to behave as an incompressible material during steady-state growth of the …

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