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- Keyword
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- Biodiesel (6)
- Soybean oil (4)
- Fatty acids (3)
- Monoglycerides (3)
- Transesterification (3)
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- Vegetable oils (3)
- Continuous process (2)
- Diglycerides (2)
- Glycerol (2)
- Glycerolysis (2)
- Methyl esters (2)
- Mixing (2)
- Pilot plant (2)
- soybean oil. (1)
- High shear reactor. (1)
- soybean oil. (1)
- surfactants. (1)
- transesterification. (1)
- transesterification. triglycerides. (1)
- transesterilication. (1)
- triglycerides. (1)
- vegetable oils. (1)
- viscosity. (1)
- triglycerides. (1)
- : biodiesel. glycerol (1)
- Additives (1)
- Amino-protected glutamic acid; biodegradable polymers; gelation; polymer networks; polyesters (1)
- Amino-protected glutamic acid; biodegradation; depolymerization; Rhizopus delemar lipase; Michaelis–Menten; polyesters (1)
- Azelaic acid (1)
- Catalytic oxidation (1)
Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Biomaterials
Immobilized Pseudornonas Cepacia Lipase For Biodiesel Fuel Production From Soybean Oil,, Hossein Noureddini, X Gao, R S. Philkana
Immobilized Pseudornonas Cepacia Lipase For Biodiesel Fuel Production From Soybean Oil,, Hossein Noureddini, X Gao, R S. Philkana
Papers in Biomaterials
No abstract provided.
A Continuous Process For The Glycerolysis Of Soybean Oil , Hossein Noureddini, D W. Harkey, M R. Gutsman
A Continuous Process For The Glycerolysis Of Soybean Oil , Hossein Noureddini, D W. Harkey, M R. Gutsman
Papers in Biomaterials
A continuous process for the glycerolysis of soybean oil with pure and crude glycerol, the co-product from the transesterification of soybean oil was investigated in a pilot plant. The process was equipped with a motionless and a high-shear mixer. The experimental studies explored the effects of variations in mixing intensity, temperature, reactant flow rates, and reactant stoichiometry on the formation of MG and DC. The developed process resulted in high conversion of TC to MC. The most favorable conditions were 230°C, 40 mL/min total flow, 25 mm of reaction time, 2.5:1 molar ratio of glycerol/soybean oil, and 3600 rpm for …
Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether And Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether: Status, Review, And Alternative Use Exploring The Environmental Issues Of Mobile, Recalcitrant, Hossein Noureddini
Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether And Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether: Status, Review, And Alternative Use Exploring The Environmental Issues Of Mobile, Recalcitrant, Hossein Noureddini
Papers in Biomaterials
Petroleum products leaking from under ground storage tanks have raised concerns regarding the quality of ground water resources, The concerns about the environmental behavior and rate of MTBE as an oxygenated additive prompted this iuvestigation to explore the technical characteristics of MTBE in comparison to ETBF. Evaluation of the existing literature suggests that ETBE has more favorable characteristics than MTBE. Findings in this research suggest that ETBE is a technically sound oxygenated octane enhancer, which can help refiners meet specificatios for cleaner burning gasoline.
Immobilization Of Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase By Sol-Gel Entrapment And Its Application In The Hydrolysis Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, X Gao, S Joshi, P R. Wagner
Immobilization Of Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase By Sol-Gel Entrapment And Its Application In The Hydrolysis Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, X Gao, S Joshi, P R. Wagner
Papers in Biomaterials
The immobilization of Lipase PS from Pseudomonas cepacia by entrapment within a chemically inert hydrophobic sol-gel support was studied. The gel-entrapped lipase was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with methyltrimeth-oxysilane (MTMS), isobutyltrimethoxysilane (iso-BTMS), and n-butyltrimethoxysilane. The immobilized lipase was subsequently used in the hydrolysis of soybean oil to determine its activity, recyclability, and thermostability. The biocatalyst so prepared was equal to or better than the free enzyme in its hydrolytic activity. The catalytic activity of the entrapped lipase strongly depended on the type of precursor that was used in its preparation. The lipase entrapped within TMOS/iso-BTMS showed the …
Michaelis–Menten Kinetics For Enzymatic Depolymerization Of A Linear Polyester Synthesized From Z-Protected Glutamic Acid, R M. Tadros, Hossein Noureddini, Delmar C. Timm
Michaelis–Menten Kinetics For Enzymatic Depolymerization Of A Linear Polyester Synthesized From Z-Protected Glutamic Acid, R M. Tadros, Hossein Noureddini, Delmar C. Timm
Papers in Biomaterials
A biodegradable polyester resin was polymerized from N-benzyloxycarbonyl- L -glutamic acid and ethylene glycol. Rhizopus delemar lipase was used as a biocatalyst for the rupture of ester bonds during the hydrolysis studies. Depoly-merization was observed to followa Michaelis–Menten mechanism, with the maximumrate of monomer formation dP/dtmax = 1.12 x 10-8 mol/s and the rate constant Km x 2.03 x 10-4 mol. Subject to initial conditions described by the most probable distribution and Michaelis–Menten–type depolymerization rate expressions, population density distribu-tion dynamics of the polymeric molecules that formed the resin were explicitly described using a deterministic ap-proach.
System And Process For Producing Biodiesel Fuel With Reduced Viscosity And A Cloud Point Below Thirty-Two (32) Degrees Fahrenheit , Hossein Noureddini
System And Process For Producing Biodiesel Fuel With Reduced Viscosity And A Cloud Point Below Thirty-Two (32) Degrees Fahrenheit , Hossein Noureddini
Papers in Biomaterials
Triglycerides are reacted in a liquid phase reaction with a homogeneous basic catalyst and alcohol, such as ethanol or methanol. The reaction yields a spatially separated two phase result with an upper located non-polar phase consisting principally of transesterified triglycerides and a lower located phase consisting principally of crude glycerol and residual transesterified triglycerides. The transesterified triglycerides and/or glycerol phase is/are optionally, each separately passed through strong cationic ion exchanger(s) to remove anions, resulting in neutral product(s). The crude glycerol is then flashed to remove alcohol and is reacted with an etherifying agent, such as isobutylene or isoamylene, in the …
Z-Protected Glutamic Acid-Based Biodegradable Thermoplastic And Thermosetting Polyesters: Synthesis And Characterization, R M. Tadros, Hossein Noureddini, Delmar C. Timm
Z-Protected Glutamic Acid-Based Biodegradable Thermoplastic And Thermosetting Polyesters: Synthesis And Characterization, R M. Tadros, Hossein Noureddini, Delmar C. Timm
Papers in Biomaterials
Biodegradable polymers were formed from N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid with the comono-mers ethylene glycol, diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol, and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. The three polymers were a linear and a rosslinked heterochain polyester and a crosslinked polyester that contained aromatic units within its network chains. The thermoplastic resin and the soluble fractions for the thermo-setting resins were characterized by gel permeation chromatography. Conversions for carboxylic acid were determined by titrations. A quality, 22,000 molecular weight thermoplastic resin was formed. The two ther-mosets were cured past their gel points. Gelation analysis revealed that the relative rate constants for the sequential oxirane/ …
Liquid-Phase Catalytic Oxidation Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids , Hossein Noureddini, M Kanabur
Liquid-Phase Catalytic Oxidation Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids , Hossein Noureddini, M Kanabur
Papers in Biomaterials
Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of oleic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of various transition metal/metal oxide catalysts was studied in a batch autoclave reactor. Azelaic and pelargonic acids are the major reaction products. Tungsten and tantalum and their oxides in supported and unsupported forms were used as catalysts. Alumina pellets and Kieselguhr powder were used as supports for the catalysts. Tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, zirconium, and niobium were also examined as catalysts. Tertiary butanol was used as solvent. Experimental results concluded that tungsten and tungstic oxide are more suitable catalysts in terms of their activity and selectivity. The rate of …
A Continuous Process For The Conversion Of Vegetable Oils Into Methyl Esters Of Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, D Harkey, V Medikonduru
A Continuous Process For The Conversion Of Vegetable Oils Into Methyl Esters Of Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, D Harkey, V Medikonduru
Papers in Biomaterials
A continuous process for the transesterification of triglycerides to methyl esters was investigated in a pilot plant. The process was equipped with a motionless and a high-shear mixer. The experimental studies explored variations in the mixing intensity, stoichiometry, and catalyst concentration on the overall conversion. The combined as well as individual effect of mixers was examined. The developed process resulted in high conversions of vegetable oils into methyl esters. Conversion of triglycerides to methyl esters in excess of 98% was achieved. Larger excess amounts of alcohol favored higher conversions. The motionless and high-shear mixers each provided adequate mixing for the …
Enzymatic Glycerolysis Of Soybean Oil , Hossein Noureddini, S E. Harmeier
Enzymatic Glycerolysis Of Soybean Oil , Hossein Noureddini, S E. Harmeier
Papers in Biomaterials
Enzymatic glycerolysis of soybean oil was studied. Of the nine lipases that were tested in the initial screening, Pseudomonas sp. resulted in the highest yield of monoglycerides. Lipase from Pseudomonas sp. was further studied for the influence of temperature, thermal stability, enzyme/oil ratio, and glycerol/oil ratio. A full factorial optimization approach was performed. The following conditions were tested over the specified ranges: temperature (30?70°C), thermal stability (30?70°C), enzyme/oil ratio (0.05?0.2 g enzyme/10 g oil), glycerol/oil ratio (1:1?3:1 glycerol/oil molar ratio) and 1 h reaction time. The stability of the enzyme at the reaction temperature was also incorporated as a separate …
Production Of Ethers Of Glycerol From Crude Glycerol - The By-Product Of Biodlesel Production, Hossein Noureddini, W R. Dailey, B A. Hunt
Production Of Ethers Of Glycerol From Crude Glycerol - The By-Product Of Biodlesel Production, Hossein Noureddini, W R. Dailey, B A. Hunt
Papers in Biomaterials
Methyl esters of fatty acids (also known as biodiesel), made from the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats with methanol, have shown a lot of promise as alternative diesel fuels. Glycerol is the inevitable byproduct of the trans-esterification process. While there are existing markets for glycerol, a significant increase in availability of glycerol, re-sulting from the expanded use of vegetable oils and animal fats, would destabilize the glycerol market. Direct addition of glycerol to the fuel is not possible, however, derivatives of glycerol such as ethers have potential for use as additives with biodiesel, diesel or biodiesel-diesel blends. In …
Process For Producing Biodiesel Fuel With Reduced Viscosity And A Cloud Point Below Thirty-Two (32) Degrees Fahrenheit , Hossein Noureddini
Process For Producing Biodiesel Fuel With Reduced Viscosity And A Cloud Point Below Thirty-Two (32) Degrees Fahrenheit , Hossein Noureddini
Papers in Biomaterials
Triglycerides are reacted in a liquid phase reaction with methanol and a homogeneous basic catalyst. The reaction yields a spatially separated two phase result with an upper located non-polar phase consisting principally of non-polar methyl esters and a lower located phase consisting principally of glycerol and residual methyl esters. The glycerol phase is passed through a strong cationic ion exchanger to remove anions, resulting in a neutral product which is flashed to remove methanol and which is reacted with isobutylene in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to produce glycerol ethers. The glycerol ethers are then added back to …
Glycerolysis Of Fats And Methyl Esters., Hossein Noureddini, V Medikonduru
Glycerolysis Of Fats And Methyl Esters., Hossein Noureddini, V Medikonduru
Papers in Biomaterials
The glycerolysis of methyl esters and triglycerides with crude glycerol. a coproduct from the transesterification of triglycerides, was studied. Three procedures were followed ior this conversion. The first procedure was a one-step glycerolysis with methyl esters. The second procedure was a two-step process. This proced~~irnev olved an initial partial glycerolysis with methyl esters, followed by fat glycerolysis. The third procedure u,as a simultaneous glycerolysis n,ith methyl esters and triglycerides. In the glycerolysis with methyl esters, the removal of methanol is vital to the production of mono- and diglycerides. Methanol was removed either by drawing vacuum on the reactor or by …
Kinetics Of Transesterification Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, D Zhu
Kinetics Of Transesterification Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, D Zhu
Papers in Biomaterials
Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. Three stepwise and reversible reacttons are believed to occur. The effect of variations in mixing intensity (Reynolds number = 3,100 to 12,400) and temperature (30 to 70'CJ on the rate oireaction were studied while the molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerol (6:l) and the concentration of catalyst (0.20 wt% based on soybean oil) were held constant. The variations in mixing intensity appear to effect the reaction parallel to the variations in temperature. A reaction mechanism consisting of an initial mass transfer-controlled region followed by a kinetically controlled region is proposed. The experimental …
A Continuous Process For The Conversion Of Vegetable Oils Into Biodiesel, Hossein Noureddini, D Harkey, V Medikonduru
A Continuous Process For The Conversion Of Vegetable Oils Into Biodiesel, Hossein Noureddini, D Harkey, V Medikonduru
Papers in Biomaterials
Over the last few years fatty acid methyl esters have assumed importance as research has intensified on the utilization of vegetable oils and animal fats derivatives from liquid fuels (better known as biodiesel).Traditional batch processing has been an still is the most widely used process for this coversion. New and more efficient processing schemes. for large scale production of biodiesel for fuelfile1 purposes, is a. key for commercialization of biodiesel. In this, study a continuous process for the transesterification of triglycerides to methyl esters was investigated. This process is based a combined high shear and motionless reactor system. The experimental …
Improved Conversion Of Plant Oils And Animal Fats Into Biodiesel And Co-Product , Praveen R. Muniyappa, Scott C. Brammer, Hossein Noureddini
Improved Conversion Of Plant Oils And Animal Fats Into Biodiesel And Co-Product , Praveen R. Muniyappa, Scott C. Brammer, Hossein Noureddini
Papers in Biomaterials
Increased environmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving to develop alternative fuel from renewable resources that are environmentally more acceptable. Esters of fatty acids (bio-diesel, derived from the transesterification vegetable oils, have properties similar to components of peh-oleior~. based diesel fuel Cost has been a major factor slowing the commercializatio of bio-diesel! Glycerol is the coproduct of the esterification process. In this work the feasibility of the glyc-erol of vegetable oil. with crude glycerol derived from the transesterification of the vegetable oils and animal fats was studied. Utilization of the crude co-product of the biodiesel process was investi-gated for …
Pelargonic Acid In Enhanced Oil Recovery, Hossein Noureddini, M L. Rempe
Pelargonic Acid In Enhanced Oil Recovery, Hossein Noureddini, M L. Rempe
Papers in Biomaterials
Oxidation of monounsaturated iatty ac~dss,u ch as erucic and oleic acids, results in the for~nation of dibasic fatty acids, such as brassylic and azelaic acids. Dibasic acids find many inclustrial applications. Prlargon~ca cid is the co-product oi the process. Expanded use oi dibasic acids would require an expansion in the existing and possihiy new uses for pelargoriic acid and its derivatives. In this study, the potential for using pe!argonic acid in enhanced oil recovery is investigated. Experimental results are presented ior the enhanccd oil recover" by waterilooding with the aid oi a surfactan;. In sifu iormation of surfactant at the …
High Shear Mixing Reactor For Glycerolysis, Hossein Noureddini
High Shear Mixing Reactor For Glycerolysis, Hossein Noureddini
Papers in Biomaterials
lnrcreasEd ervironmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving industry to develop aiternative fuels from renew ble resources that are environmentally more acceprable. Esters of fatty acids (biodiesel)-derived from the traiisesterification of vegetable oils, have properties 3imi:ar to cornponents of petrolium based dieselfuel. Cost has been a Cost has been major factor inslowing down the commercialization of biodiesel. In order to improve the eiuIlulliy ui Illis process two iactors wcrc invcarigated in this study: 1) use of beef tallow as raw mzlerial and 2) by-product utilization. Glycerol is the by-product of the esterlficatiun Drocesg In this work the feasibility of …
Viscosities Of Vegetable Oils And Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, B C. Teoh, L Davis Clements
Viscosities Of Vegetable Oils And Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, B C. Teoh, L Davis Clements
Papers in Biomaterials
Data for viscosity as a function of temperature from 24 to llO°C (75 to 230°F) have been measured for a number of vegetable oils (crambe, rapeseed, corn, soybean, milk- coconut, lesquerella) and eight fatty acids in the from Cg to CZZ The viscosity measurements were performed according to ASTM test methods D 445 and D 446. Several correlations were fitted to the experimental data. Correlation constants for the best fit are presented. The range of temperature in which the correlations are valid is from 24'C (75'F), or the melting point of the substance, to llO°C (230°F). The correlation constants are …
Densities Of Vegetable Oils And Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, B C. Teoh, L Davis Clements
Densities Of Vegetable Oils And Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, B C. Teoh, L Davis Clements
Papers in Biomaterials
Complete data for density as a function of temperature have been measured for a number of vegetable oils (cramhe, rapeseed, corn, soybean, milkweed, coconut, lesquerella), as well as eight fatty acids in the range CS to C,, at temperatures from above their melting points to llQ°C (23Q°F). The specific gravity and density measure mente were performed according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard test methods D 368, D 891 and D 1298 for hydrometers and a modified ASTM D 369 and D 891 for pycnometers. Correlation constants, based on the experimental data, are presented for calculating the …