Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics Commons^™

Sbaigs18.Pdf, Sarfaraz Niaz Ali Baig

Sarfaraz Baig

No abstract provided.

Use Of Imaging Biomarkers To Assess Perfusion And Glucose Metabolism In The Skeletal Muscle Of Dystrophic Mice, Nabeel Ahmad, Ian Welch, Robert Grange, Jennifer Hadway, Savita Dhanvantari, David Hill, Ting-Yim Lee, Lisa M Hoffman

Lisa Hoffman

BACKGROUND: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe neuromuscular disease that affects 1 in 3500 boys. The disease is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration that results from mutations in or loss of the cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin, from the glycoprotein membrane complex, thus increasing the susceptibility of contractile muscle to injury. To date, disease progression is typically assessed using invasive techniques such as muscle biopsies, and while there are recent reports of the use of magnetic resonance, ultrasound and optical imaging technologies to address the issue of disease progression and monitoring therapeutic intervention in dystrophic mice, our study aims to validate …

Estimation Of The Centre Of Mass From Motion Capture And Force Plate Recordings: A Study On The Elderly, Sebastien Cotton, Michele Vanoncini, Philippe Fraisse, Nacim Ramdani, Emel Demircan, Andrew P. Murray, Thierry Keller

Andrew P. Murray

The estimation of the centre of mass position in humans is usually based on biomechanical models developed from anthropometric tables. This method can potentially introduce errors in studies involving elderly people, since the ageing process is typically associated with a modification of the distribution of the body mass. In this paper, an alternative technique is proposed, and evaluated with an experimental study on 9 elderly volunteers. The technique is based on a virtual chain, identified from experimental data and locating the subject's centre of mass. Its configuration defines the location of the centre of mass, and is a function of …

Video-To-Video Pose And Expression Invariant Face Recognition Using Volumetric Directional Pattern, Vijayan K. Asari, Almabrok Essa

Vijayan K. Asari

Face recognition in video has attracted attention as a cryptic method of human identification in surveillance systems. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end video face recognition system, addressing a difficult problem of identifying human faces in video due to the presence of large variations in facial pose and expression, and poor video resolution. The proposed descriptor, named Volumetric Directional Pattern (VDP), is an oriented and multi-scale volumetric descriptor that is able to extract and fuse the information of multi frames, temporal (dynamic) information, and multiple poses and expressions of faces in input video to produce feature vectors, which are …

Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy Indentation Method For Hydrogel Elasticity Measurement, Donghee Lee, Md Mahmudur Rahman, You Zhou, Sangjin Ryu

Md Mahmudur Rahman

No abstract provided.

3d Thoracoscopic Ultrasound Volume Measurement Validation In An Ex Vivo And In Vivo Porcine Model Of Lung Tumours, V. Hornblower, E. Yu, A. Fenster, J. Battista, R. Malthaner

Richard A. Malthaner

The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy and reliability of volume measurements obtained using three-dimensional (3D) thoracoscopic ultrasound (US) imaging. Artificial "tumours" were created by injecting a liquid agar mixture into spherical moulds of known volume. Once solidified, the "tumours" were implanted into the lung tissue in both a porcine lung sample ex vivo and a surgical porcine model in vivo. 3D US images were created by mechanically rotating the thoracoscopic ultrasound probe about its long axis while the transducer was maintained in close contact with the tissue. Volume measurements were made by one observer using the …

Is Extended Volume Of External Beam Irradiation Beneficial In Post-Esophagectomy High Risk Patients Receiving Combined Chemoradiation Therapy?, E. Yu, A. R. Dar, R. Ash, G. Videtic, P. Truong, L. Stitt, A. Tomiak, M. Vincent, R. Malthaner, I. Craig, E. Brecevic, W. Kocha, R. Inculet, M. Lefcoe

Richard A. Malthaner

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of extended volume irradiation with anastomotic coverage in high risk resected esophageal cancer patients. METHOD: A retrospective study was undertaken at LRCC from 1989-1999 for high risk resected esophageal cancer patients. Adjuvant treatments consisted of 4 cycles of chemotherapy (epirubicin/fluorouracil/cisplatin or cisplatin/fluorouracil), and local regional irradiation with or without coverage of the anastomotic site. Radiation dose ranged from 45-60Gy at 1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction given with initial anterior-posterior/posterior-anterior arrangement with either extended (with anastomotic coverage) or small (without anastomotic coverage) field followed by oblique fields for boost. RESULT: One hundred eighty-eight charts were reviewed. Seventy-two patients were …

Robot Assisted Ultrasound Imaged Guided Interstitial Lung Brachytherapy In A Porcine Model, Richard A. Malthaner, Edward Yu, Jerry J. Battista, Chris Blake, Donal Downey, Aaron Fenster

Richard A. Malthaner

We set out to see if permanent interstitial brachytherapy seeds could be safely and reproducibly inserted thoracoscopicaly with the ZEUS Robotic system and intraoperative ultrasound into in-vivo porcine lungs.

3d Thoracoscopic Ultrasound Volume Measurement Validation In An Ex Vivo And In Vivo Porcine Model Of Lung Tumours, V. Hornblower, E. Yu, A. Fenster, J. Battista, R. Malthaner

Richard A. Malthaner

The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy and reliability of volume measurements obtained using three-dimensional (3D) thoracoscopic ultrasound (US) imaging. Artificial "tumours" were created by injecting a liquid agar mixture into spherical moulds of known volume. Once solidified, the "tumours" were implanted into the lung tissue in both a porcine lung sample ex vivo and a surgical porcine model in vivo. 3D US images were created by mechanically rotating the thoracoscopic ultrasound probe about its long axis while the transducer was maintained in close contact with the tissue. Volume measurements were made by one observer using the …

Is Extended Volume Of External Beam Irradiation Beneficial In Post-Esophagectomy High Risk Patients Receiving Combined Chemoradiation Therapy?, E. Yu, A. R. Dar, R. Ash, G. Videtic, P. Truong, L. Stitt, A. Tomiak, M. Vincent, R. Malthaner, I. Craig, E. Brecevic, W. Kocha, R. Inculet, M. Lefcoe

Richard A. Malthaner

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of extended volume irradiation with anastomotic coverage in high risk resected esophageal cancer patients. METHOD: A retrospective study was undertaken at LRCC from 1989-1999 for high risk resected esophageal cancer patients. Adjuvant treatments consisted of 4 cycles of chemotherapy (epirubicin/fluorouracil/cisplatin or cisplatin/fluorouracil), and local regional irradiation with or without coverage of the anastomotic site. Radiation dose ranged from 45-60Gy at 1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction given with initial anterior-posterior/posterior-anterior arrangement with either extended (with anastomotic coverage) or small (without anastomotic coverage) field followed by oblique fields for boost. RESULT: One hundred eighty-eight charts were reviewed. Seventy-two patients were …

Robot Assisted Ultrasound Imaged Guided Interstitial Lung Brachytherapy In A Porcine Model, Richard A. Malthaner, Edward Yu, Jerry J. Battista, Chris Blake, Donal Downey, Aaron Fenster

Richard A. Malthaner

We set out to see if permanent interstitial brachytherapy seeds could be safely and reproducibly inserted thoracoscopicaly with the ZEUS Robotic system and intraoperative ultrasound into in-vivo porcine lungs.

Three-Dimensional Vibrometry Of The Human Eardrum With Stroboscopic Lensless Digital Holography, Morteza Khaleghi, Cosme Furlong, Mike Ravicz, Jeffrey T. Cheng, John J. Rosowski

Morteza Khaleghi

The eardrum or tympanic membrane (TM) transforms acoustic energy at the ear canal into mechanical motions of the ossicles. The acousto-mechanical transformer behavior of the TM is determined by its shape, three-dimensional (3-D) motion, and mechanical properties. We have developed an optoelectronic holographic system to measure the shape and 3-D sound-induced displacements of the TM. The shape of the TM is measured with dual-wavelength holographic contouring using a tunable near IR laser source with a central wavelength of 780 nm. 3-D components of sound-induced displacements of the TM are measured with the method of multiple sensitivity vectors using stroboscopic holographic …

Developments In Opto-Electronic Holography (Oeh) For Measurement Of Sound-Induced Eardrum Motion, Ivo Dobrev, Jeffrey Tao Cheng, Morteza Khaleghi, Jérémie Guignard, Michael E. Ravicz, John J. Rosowski, Cosme Furlong

Ivo Dobrev

Prior to 2009 the data available to characterize the function of the mammalian eardrum was rather limited and consisted of time-averaged holograms gathered 30 to 40 years previously or laser-vibrometer measurements usually made with low spatial density or over small regions of the eardrum. These few measurements could be compared to the plethora of Finite-Element models of eardrum and middle ear function. More recently, a collaboration between an optics group at the Center for Holographic Studies and Laser micro-mechaTronics at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester MA and physiologists and acousticians at the Eaton-Peabody Laboratory at the Massachusetts Eye and …

Sound-Induced In-Plane And Out-Of-Plane Motion Of Human Tympanic Membranes, Morteza Khaleghi, Jeffrey T. Cheng, Cosme Furlong, John J. Rosowski

Morteza Khaleghi

The acousto-mechanical-transformer behavior of the Tympanic Membrane (TM) is determined by its geometry (shape and thickness) and mechanical properties. The questions of “How the TM couples acoustic energy to the ossicles?” and “How TM shape and vibration affect this series of events?” have yet to be fully answered. Holographic studies of 1D vibrations of the TM have been reported by several groups; however, 3D measurements of TM motions are few. In this study, we use full-field-of-view holographic techniques to measure near simultaneously the shape and 3D sound-induced displacement of cadaveric human TMs. Combinations of shape and 3D displacement measurements are …

Full-Field Vibrometry By High-Speed Digital Holography For Middle-Ear Mechanics, Ivo Dobrev

Ivo Dobrev

Hearing loss affects approximately 1 in 10 people in the world and this percentage is increasing every year. Some of the most common courses for hearing loss are disorders of the human tympanic membrane (TM or eardrum) and middle-ear. Early detection and diagnosis of hearing loss as well as research and understanding of the hearing process depend on medical and research tools for quantification of the hearing capabilities, including the function of the human TM in the complex acoustic-mechanical transformation of environmental sounds into vibrations of the middle- and the inner-ear. Current ear exams are assessing the state of the …

Application Of Limited Mixing In The Hele-Shaw Geometry In Fabrication Of Janus Hydrogels, Md Mahmudur Rahman

Md Mahmudur Rahman

It is widely accepted that cells behave differently responding to the stiffness of their extracellular matrix (ECM). Such observations were made by culturing cells on hydrogel substrates of tunable stiffness. However, it was recently proposed that cells may sense how strongly they are tethered to ECM, not the local stiffness of ECM. To investigate both hypotheses, we developed a method to fabricate Janus polyacrylamide (PAAM) gels. We squeeze two drops of different concentrations in the Hele-Shaw geometry to generate radial Stokes flow. When the drops coalesce, limited mixing occurs at the interface due to the narrow confinement, and diffusion normal …

Full-Field Vibrometry By High-Speed Digital Holography For Middle-Ear Mechanics, Ivo Dobrev

Ivo Dobrev

Hearing loss affects approximately 1 in 10 people in the world and this percentage is increasing every year. Some of the most common courses for hearing loss are disorders of the human tympanic membrane (TM or eardrum) and middle-ear. Early detection and diagnosis of hearing loss as well as research and understanding of the hearing process depend on medical and research tools for quantification of the hearing capabilities, including the function of the human TM in the complex acoustic-mechanical transformation of environmental sounds into vibrations of the middle- and the inner-ear.

Current ear exams are assessing the state of the …

Is The 3d Sound-Induced Motion Of The Tympanic Membrane Consistent With Thin-Shell Theory?, Morteza Khaleghi, Cosme Furlong, Jeffrey Tao Cheng, John J. Rosowski

Morteza Khaleghi

The acousto-mechanical-transformer behavior of the tympanic membrane (TM) is determined by its shape and mechanical properties. Holographic studies of 1D vibrations of the TM have been reported by several groups; however, 3D

measurements of TM displacement are few. In this study, we will use full-field-of-view holographic techniques to near simultaneously measure the shape and 3D sound-induced

displacement of cadaveric TMs.

The geometrical constraints imposed by the ear canal make 3D measures of TM displacement in intact ears difficult. However, we can, even in such a confined geometry, measure both a 1D component of sound-induced displacement and

the shape of the …

Xena: An Automated 'Open-Source' 129xe Hyperpolarizer For Clinical Use, Panayiotis Nikolaou, Aaron M. Coffey, Laura L. Walkup, Brogan M. Gust, Nicholas Whiting, Hayley Newton, Iga Muradyan, Mikayel Dabaghyan, Kaili Ranta, Gregory D. Moroz, Matthew S. Rosen, Samuel Patz, Michael J. Barlow, Eduard Y. Chekmenev, Boyd M. Goodson

Nicholas Whiting

Pre-Amplifiers For A 15-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imager, Chin-Leong Lim, Peter Serano, Jerome L. Ackerman

Chin-Leong Lim

High-field magnetic resonance imagers (MRI) give better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image contrast. However clinical MRIs are currently limited to 3 Tesla (T) magnetic field strength. To create an uncommon 15 T scanner for research use, we evaluated several low-cost, intended for wireless communication, GaAs enhancement-mode pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (ePHEMT) in the critical preamplifier slot. This paper reports the experimental results that were obtained at both module and system levels. When evaluated in our prototype 15 T scanner front-end’s preamplifier slot, the candidate devices’ sub 1dB noise figures enabled image SNR ~ 110 in a water phantom (test …

High-Speed Digital Holographic Methods To Characterize The Transient Acousto-Mechanical Response Of Human Tm, I Dobrev, C Furlong, J T. Cheng, J J. Rosowski

Ivo Dobrev

Human hearing relies on a delicate sequence of energy transformations from the sound waves in the outer-ear, through mechanical vibrations in the middle-ear, to pressure waves of the fluid in the inner-ear. The investigation of hearing process requires the study of the function of the tympanic membrane (TM) in the energy transformation at the interface of the outer and middle-ear. The investigation of this process requires tools to quantify the acousto-mechanical response of the TM while overcoming the challenges associated with its dimensions, confined location, and the high temporal and spatial complexity of its nanometer scale motions that also relate …

Hemodynamically Constrained Dynamic Diffuse Optical Tomography Under Mammographic Compression, Eleonora Vidolova, Dana H. Brooks, Eric L. Miller, Stefan Carp, David A. Boas

Dana Brooks

This poster considers these points: DOT taken along x-ray mammogram provide valuable functional information, X-ray mammography only gives structural information hard to distinguish between benign and malignant masses, Oxygen consumption (OC) and blood flow (F) contrasts observed between malignant and normal tissue[3, 4], Blood flow, oxygen saturation(SO2), water and lipid distributions could specify the degree of malignancy of a tumor, Physiological changes in the breast due to mammographic compression are significant and should be taken into account[2].

Fdtd Simulation Of A Confocal Microscope Using A Theta Line Scan, Blair Simon, Charles Dimarzio, Milind Rajadhyaksha, Carey Rappaport

Carey Rappaport

We describe a 2-D computational model of the optical propagation in human skin from a confocal reflectance theta microscope. As an effect of decreasing the size of the microscope so that it is more clinically useful, the usual point source and detector with a raster scan is changed to a line source with a 1-D array detector. Because there is only one dimension of scanning, the microscope is confocal in one direction, but not in the other, however, this results in additional localized decreases in signal. We hypothesize that these result from the interaction of the bi-static imaging configuration with …

Field Programmable Gate Arrays To Accelerate Sub-Surface Imaging Problems, Miriam Leeser

Miriam Leeser

No abstract provided.

Fdtd Simulation Of A Confocal Microscope Using A Theta Line Scan, Blair Simon, Charles Dimarzio, Milind Rajadhyaksha, Carey Rappaport

Charles A. DiMarzio

We describe a 2-D computational model of the optical propagation in human skin from a confocal reflectance theta microscope. As an effect of decreasing the size of the microscope so that it is more clinically useful, the usual point source and detector with a raster scan is changed to a line source with a 1-D array detector. Because there is only one dimension of scanning, the microscope is confocal in one direction, but not in the other, however, this results in additional localized decreases in signal. We hypothesize that these result from the interaction of the bi-static imaging configuration with …

Photo-Thermal Coherent Confocal Microscope, Sean Sullivan, Charles Dimarzio

Charles A. DiMarzio

Confocal microscopy has been shown to be useful in imaging skin slightly below the junction of the dermis and epidermis. However, the depth of imaging is a significant limitation. We present a novel concept designed both to improve the depth of penetration and to increase the information content of images obtained with a reflectance confocal microscope. Using an approach similar to optoacoustics, we plan to explore the use of laser heating to generate tissue expansion, which will be measured by the microscope. The microscope will incorporate a pulsed heating laser along the same optical path as the imaging laser in …

Compact Dual Wedge Point Scanning Confocal Reflectance Microscope, William C. Warger Ii, Stephen A. Guerrera, Charles A. Dimarzio

Charles A. DiMarzio

Confocal reflectance microscopy has been shown to provide optical sectioning and resolution sufficient to provide useful information about skin to a depth below the epidermis. However, existing instruments are large and expensive, because of the need for fast twodimensional scanning in the pupil, and the associated relay optics. A more compact scanning system could lead to an affordable hand-held instrument for in vivo imaging. Several approaches are being considered with different advantages and disadvantages. Here we report one approach that incorporates a dual-wedge scanner within a point-scanning configuration. The dual-wedge scanner is implemented by replacing the two scanning mirrors and …

Simultaneous Estimation And Segmentation Of T1 Map For Breast Parenchyma Measurement, Ye Xing, Yangming Ou, Sarah Englander, Mitchell D. Schnall, Dinggang Shen

Sarah Englander

Breast density has been shown to be an independent risk factor for breast cancer. In order to segment breast parenchyma, which has been proposed as a biomarker of breast cancer risk, we present an integrated algorithm for simultaneous T1 map estimation and segmentation, using a series of magnetic resonance (MR) breast images. The advantage of using this algorithm is that the step of T1 map estimation (E-Step) and the step of T1 map based tissue segmentation (S-Step) can benefit each other. Since the estimated T1 map can be noisy due to the complexity of T1 estimation method, the tentative tissue …

The Uqam Mummy – The Use Of Non-Destructive Imaging To Reconstruct An Ancient Osteobiography And To Document Modern Malfeasance, Andrew J. Nelson, Andrew D. Wade, R. Hibbert, B. Macdonald, M. Donaldson, R. Chatelain, N. Nguyen, V. Lywood, G. Gibson, M. Trumpour, S. N. Friedman, P. V. Granton, J. Morgan, David W. Holdsworth, I. A. Cunningham

Mike Donaldson

An Egyptian mummy and her coffin dating to the 26th Dynasty were donated to the École de Beaux Arts in Montreal in 1927. This mummy has been in the collection of the Université du Québec à Montréal since 1967. Inscriptions on the elaborate coffin identify the individual as Hetep-Bastet. In 1969, the mummy was attacked by a protester, who caused extensive damage. The mummy was scanned once over a decade ago. However, computed tomography (CT) technology has advanced a great deal since that time, and some conclusions reached were somewhat suspect (e.g. that she suffered from a large dental abscess …

Dna− Gold Nanoparticle Reversible Networks Grown On Cell Surface Marker Sites: Application In Diagnostics, Kyuwan Lee

Kyuwan Lee

Effective identification of breast cancer stem cells (CSC) benefits from a multiplexed approach to detect cell surface markers that can distinguish this subpopulation, which can invade and proliferate at sites of metastasis. We present a new approach for dual-mode sensing based on targeting using pointer and signal enhancement using enhancer particle networks for detection by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We demonstrate our concept to detect cell surface markers, CD44 and CD24, in three breast cancer cell lines to identify a CD44+/CD24− subpopulation of CSCs. The designed network structure can be well-controlled and has improved sensitivity …