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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Gait Rehabilitation Using Functional Electrical Stimulation Induces Changes In Ankle Muscle Coordination In Stroke Survivors: A Preliminary Study, Jessica L. Allen, Lena H. Ting, Trisha M. Kesar
Gait Rehabilitation Using Functional Electrical Stimulation Induces Changes In Ankle Muscle Coordination In Stroke Survivors: A Preliminary Study, Jessica L. Allen, Lena H. Ting, Trisha M. Kesar
Faculty & Staff Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Acromial Insufficiency Fractures In Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Study, Alicia Kerrigan
Acromial Insufficiency Fractures In Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Study, Alicia Kerrigan
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is increasingly utilized in the aging population, with a growing list of surgical indications including rotator cuff tear arthropathy, proximal humerus fractures, and revision arthroplasty. Acromial insufficiency fractures following RTSA are poorly understood, difficult to diagnose, and associated with inferior clinical outcomes. There is limited knowledge in the literature regarding the etiology of post-operative acromial fractures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of implant parameters on acromial strain following RTSA.
Using a cadaveric model, a custom designed modular RTSA system was implanted that allowed for evaluation of modifiable parameters including glenoid …
Hip And Knee Biomechanics For Transtibial Amputees In Gait, Cycling, And Elliptical Training, Greg Orekhov
Hip And Knee Biomechanics For Transtibial Amputees In Gait, Cycling, And Elliptical Training, Greg Orekhov
Master's Theses
Transtibial amputees are at increased risk of contralateral hip and knee joint osteoarthritis, likely due to abnormal biomechanics. Biomechanical challenges exist for transtibial amputees in gait and cycling; particularly, asymmetry in ground/pedal reaction forces and joint kinetics is well documented and state-of-the-art passive and powered prostheses do not fully restore natural biomechanics. Elliptical training has not been studied as a potential exercise for rehabilitation, nor have any studies been published that compare joint kinematics and kinetics and ground/pedal reaction forces for the same group of transtibial amputees in gait, cycling, and elliptical training. The hypothesis was that hip and knee …
Hypothesis Paper: Mechanism For Primary Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury With Minimal Head Motion, Charles F. Babbs
Hypothesis Paper: Mechanism For Primary Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury With Minimal Head Motion, Charles F. Babbs
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers
Transit of the human skull by blast waves produces diffuse brain injury. The exact mechanisms are unknown. This paper describes plausible mechanisms in which steep intracranial pressure gradients, demonstrated in prior computational models of blast-skull interaction, produce subsequent deformation and motion of the whole brain within the skull, without obvious movement of the head. Equations of motion are derived to describe the acceleration, velocity, and relative position of both the skull and the brain in response to known extracranial and intracranial pressures both during and several hundred milliseconds after blast wave passage. A finite element model is solved to visualize …
Characterization And Quantification Of Fibrin Gel Mechanics With Fibroblast Invasion, Nicklaus Iavagnilio, Sarah Calve, Adrian Buganza-Tepole
Characterization And Quantification Of Fibrin Gel Mechanics With Fibroblast Invasion, Nicklaus Iavagnilio, Sarah Calve, Adrian Buganza-Tepole
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Cutaneous wounds undergo an intricate healing process stimulated by a variety of local mechanical and biological stimuli that lead to patterns of growth and remodeling. Despite significant research in dermal wound healing, pathological scarring is still common particularly in wounds closed under mechanical stress, or large wounds left to heal by secondary intention. The purpose of this study is to utilize previously established wound healing models using fibrin gels and fibroblasts to better understand the functional relationships of the biological processes of normal compared to abnormal wound healing. Increases in uni-axial strain and transforming growth factor beta-1 concentration have been …
Inverse Dynamic Analysis Of Acl Reconstructed Knee Joint Biomechanics During Gait And Cycling Using Opensim, Megan V. Pottinger
Inverse Dynamic Analysis Of Acl Reconstructed Knee Joint Biomechanics During Gait And Cycling Using Opensim, Megan V. Pottinger
Master's Theses
ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries of the knee joint alter biomechanics and may cause abnormal loading conditions that place patients at a higher risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA). There are multiple types of ACL reconstruction (ACLR), but all types aim to restore anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation following surgery. Analyzing knee joint contact loads provide insight into the loading conditions following ACLR that may contribute to the long-term development of OA. Ten ACLR subjects, who underwent the same reconstruction, performed gait and cycling experiments while kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Inverse dynamic analyses were performed on processed …
The Development Of A Temporomandibular Force Simulator To Study Craniofacial Strain In-Vitro, Kenneth Kc Ip
The Development Of A Temporomandibular Force Simulator To Study Craniofacial Strain In-Vitro, Kenneth Kc Ip
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
An in-vitro musculoskeletal loading simulator was developed to replicate the internal forces of mastication, and then employed in a comparison of clinically relevant facial fracture repairs. Muscle forces are simulated by pneumatic pistons via 3D printed mounts that are reverse-engineered from CT scan to match muscle attachment sites, which are adhered to bone in order to simulate native stress distributions. Bite force and bone strain pattern of the craniofacial structure under load were measured using a force sensor and strain gauges respectively. In a series of five fresh-frozen cadaveric heads, it was found that strain patterns of the craniofacial structure …
Effects Of Game Pitch Count And Body Mass Index On Pitching Biomechanics In 9-To 10-Year-Old Baseball Athletes, Jim D. Darke, Eshan M. Dandekar, Arnel L. Aguinaldo, Scott J. Hazelwood, Stephen M. Klisch
Effects Of Game Pitch Count And Body Mass Index On Pitching Biomechanics In 9-To 10-Year-Old Baseball Athletes, Jim D. Darke, Eshan M. Dandekar, Arnel L. Aguinaldo, Scott J. Hazelwood, Stephen M. Klisch
Biomedical Engineering
Background: Pitching while fatigued and body composition may increase the injury risk in youth and adult pitchers. However, the relationships between game pitch count, biomechanics, and body composition have not been reported for a study group restricted to 9-to 10-year-old athletes.
Hypothesis: During a simulated game with 9-to 10-year-old athletes, (1) participants will experience biomechanical signs of fatigue, and (2) shoulder and elbow kinetics will correlate with body mass index (BMI).
Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirteen 9-to 10-year-old youth baseball players pitched a simulated game (75 pitches). Range of motion and muscular output tests were conducted before and …
Effects Of Game Pitch Count And Body Mass Index On Pitching Biomechanics In 9- To 10-Year-Old Baseball Athletes, Scott Hazelwood, Jim D. Darke, Eshan M. Dandekar, Arnel L. Aguinaldo, Stephen M. Klisch
Effects Of Game Pitch Count And Body Mass Index On Pitching Biomechanics In 9- To 10-Year-Old Baseball Athletes, Scott Hazelwood, Jim D. Darke, Eshan M. Dandekar, Arnel L. Aguinaldo, Stephen M. Klisch
Biomedical Engineering
Background:
Pitching while fatigued and body composition may increase the injury risk in youth and adult pitchers. However, the relationships between game pitch count, biomechanics, and body composition have not been reported for a study group restricted to 9- to 10-year-old athletes.
Hypothesis:
During a simulated game with 9- to 10-year-old athletes, (1) participants will experience biomechanical signs of fatigue, and (2) shoulder and elbow kinetics will correlate with body mass index (BMI).
Study Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.
Methods:
Thirteen 9- to 10-year-old youth baseball players pitched a simulated game (75 pitches). Range of motion and …
Walking Speed Differentially Alters Spinal Loads In Persons With Traumatic Lower Limb Amputation, Brad D. Hendershot, Iman Shojaei, Julian C. Acasio, Christopher L. Dearth, Babak Bazrgari
Walking Speed Differentially Alters Spinal Loads In Persons With Traumatic Lower Limb Amputation, Brad D. Hendershot, Iman Shojaei, Julian C. Acasio, Christopher L. Dearth, Babak Bazrgari
Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
Persons with lower limb amputation (LLA) perceive altered motions of the trunk/pelvis during activities of daily living as contributing factors for low back pain. When walking (at a singular speed), larger trunk motions among persons with vs. without LLA are associated with larger spinal loads; however, modulating walking speed is necessary in daily life and thus understanding the influences of walking speed on spinal loads in persons with LLA is of particular interest here. Three-dimensional trunk-pelvic kinematics, collected during level-ground walking at self-selected (SSW) and two controlled speeds (~1.0 and ~1.4 m/s), were obtained for seventy-eight participants: 26 with transfemoral …
Examining Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Baseplate Fixation In Patients With E2-Type Glenoid Erosion, Matthew D. Mahaffy
Examining Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Baseplate Fixation In Patients With E2-Type Glenoid Erosion, Matthew D. Mahaffy
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Superior glenoid erosion of the shoulder joint is a result of humeral subluxation caused by rotator cuff tears, and can be addressed using implants, specifically reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. This thesis examined the regional variations of bone present in superiorly eroded glenoids, established a baseline for regular RTSA baseplate fixation in patients with this defect, and compared the effect of geometric baseplate differences on implant fixation. The superiorly eroded glenoids demonstrated similar regional bone density variations as normal glenoids, and the superior and inferior regions of the glenoid demonstrated the densest and least dense cancellous bone, respectively. These regions also …
Feasibility Of Using An Equilibrium Point Strategy To Control Reaching Movements Of Paralyzed Arms With Functional Electrical Stimulation, Matthew Huffman
Feasibility Of Using An Equilibrium Point Strategy To Control Reaching Movements Of Paralyzed Arms With Functional Electrical Stimulation, Matthew Huffman
ETD Archive
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a technology capable of improving the quality of life for those with the loss of limb movement related to spinal cord injuries. Individuals with high-level tetraplegia, in particular, have lost all movement capabilities below the neck. FES has shown promise in bypassing spinal cord damage by sending electrical impulses directly to a nerve or muscle to trigger a desired function. Despite advancements in FES, full-arm reaching motions have not been achieved, leaving patients unable to perform fundamental tasks such as eating and grooming. To overcome the inability in current FES models to achieve multi-joint coordination, …
Characterizing The Effects Of High-Intensity Exercise On Balance And Gait Under Dual-Task Conditions In Parkinson’S Disease, El Iva Baron
Characterizing The Effects Of High-Intensity Exercise On Balance And Gait Under Dual-Task Conditions In Parkinson’S Disease, El Iva Baron
ETD Archive
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms including bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, and non-motor symptoms including cognitive impairment. Daily activities, such as walking and maintaining balance, are impacted due to impairments in motor function, and are further exacerbated with the addition of cognitive loading, or dual-tasking (DT). High-intensity exercise has demonstrated centrally-mediated improvements of PD symptoms, with additional positive effects on overall health. The goal of this project was to identify changes in dynamic balance recovery and gait function under conditions with and without increased cognitive load after a high-intensity exercise intervention …
Neuromuscular Reflex Control For Prostheses And Exoskeletons, Sandra K. Hnat
Neuromuscular Reflex Control For Prostheses And Exoskeletons, Sandra K. Hnat
ETD Archive
Recent powered lower-limb prosthetic and orthotic (P/O) devices aim to restore legged mobility for persons with an amputation or spinal cord injury. Though various control strategies have been proposed for these devices, specifically finite-state impedance controllers, natural gait mechanics are not usually achieved. The goal of this project was to invent a biologically-inspired controller for powered P/O devices. We hypothesize that a more muscle-like actuation system, including spinal reflexes and vestibular feedback, can achieve able-bodied walking and also respond to outside perturbations. The outputs of the Virtual Muscle Reflex (VMR) controller are joint torque commands, sent to the electric motors …
Predictive Simulations Of Gait And Their Application In Prosthesis Design, Anne D. Koelewijin
Predictive Simulations Of Gait And Their Application In Prosthesis Design, Anne D. Koelewijin
ETD Archive
Predictive simulations predict human gait by solving a trajectory optimization problem by minimizing energy expenditure. These simulations could predict the effect of a prosthesis on gait before its use. This dissertation has four aims, to show the application of predictive simulations in prosthesis design and to improve the quality of predictive simulations. Aim 1 was to explain joint moment asymmetry in the knee and hip in gait of persons with a transtibial amputation (TTA gait). Predictive simulations showed that an asymmetric gait required less effort. However, a small effort increase yielded a gait with increased joint moment symmetry and reduced …
Design And Analysis Of A 3d-Printed, Thermoplastic Elastomer (Tpe) Spring Element For Use In Corrective Hand Orthotics, Kevin Thomas Richardson
Design And Analysis Of A 3d-Printed, Thermoplastic Elastomer (Tpe) Spring Element For Use In Corrective Hand Orthotics, Kevin Thomas Richardson
Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical Engineering
This thesis proposes an algorithm that determine the geometry of 3D-printed, custom-designed spring element bands made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) for use in a wearable orthotic device to aid in the physical therapy of a human hand exhibiting spasticity after stroke. Each finger of the hand is modeled as a mechanical system consisting of a triple-rod pendulum with nonlinear stiffness at each joint and forces applied at the attachment point of each flexor muscle. The system is assumed quasi-static, which leads to a torque balance between the flexor tendons in the hand, joint stiffness and the design force applied to …
Predictive Modeling Of Hip Dislocation: Assessment Of Surgical And Patient Factors To Reduce The Occurrence Of Hip Instability And Adverse Clinical Outcomes, Daniel N. Huff
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Instability and dislocation remain leading indications for revision of primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Many studies have addressed the links between implant design and propensity for dislocation, however a comprehensive review of the ability of modern THA constructs to protect against joint instability is needed.
Accordingly, the objective of this study is to provide objective data about THA risks to be considered in the treatment algorithm to protect against adverse joint loading conditions and joint instability. Adverse loading conditions were assessed in a population of activities of daily living using data from telemetric hip implant representation in an FE simulation …
The Effect Of Tackling Training On Head Accelerations In Youth American Football, Eric Schussler, Richard J. Jagacinski, Susan E. White, Ajit M. Chaudhari, John A. Buford, James A. Onate
The Effect Of Tackling Training On Head Accelerations In Youth American Football, Eric Schussler, Richard J. Jagacinski, Susan E. White, Ajit M. Chaudhari, John A. Buford, James A. Onate
Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: Many organizations have introduced frameworks to reduce the incidence of football related concussions through proper equipment fitting, coach education, and alteration of tackling technique.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training in a vertical, head up tackling style on the number of head accelerations experienced while tackling in a controlled laboratory situation. The authors hypothesized that training in a head up tackling technique would reduce the severity of head acceleration experienced by participants.
Design: Controlled Laboratory Study.
Methods: Twenty-four participants (11.5 ± 0.6 years old, 60.5 ± 2.2 in, 110 ± 18.4 lbs.) …