Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Celiac Disease: A Physiological Overview And Possible Future Work With Emphasis On Raman Spectroscopy, Katlyn Curtin Mehne

Wayne State University Theses

Celiac Disease is a condition whereby ingesting Gluten causes an autoimmune reaction in the intestines with adverse effects throughout the body. Although statistic analysis estimates that 1% of the general population is affected by this condition, the diagnosis and treatment research lacks in key areas of understanding. This is a summary of current research and physiological information on the impact of Celiac Disease. In the last twenty years, Raman Spectroscopy assisted in diagnosis and treatment of various other ailments. In this case, Raman Spectroscopy can be used to research immunological cells involved in Celiac Disease and further research.

Enhancement Of Cancer Vaccine Efficacy Via Nanoparticle Or Molecular-Based Adjuvants, Myunggi An

Wayne State University Theses

Adjuvants are immunomodulators which enhance immune responses to vaccines. However, parenteral administration of unformulated adjuvants fails to reach lymph nodes (LNs), the anatomic organ where the primary functions of immune cells are orchestrated. The LN-targeting delivery plays the key roles in promoting immune activation and has the great potential to transform disease treatment. The main goal of this thesis is to develop efficient vaccine delivery systems to target therapeutics into draining lymph nodes (dLNs) for ensuring their immunostimulatory activity. We introduced therapeutic applications of activating TLR9 with synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) agonists in nanoparticle or molecular form to activate immune …

Quantitative Assessment Of Brain Iron Content As A Function Of Age Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Kiarash Ghassaban

Wayne State University Theses

As the most abundant transition metal in the brain, iron is known to play a key role in a variety of functional and cellular processes. Recent in vivo and post-mortem studies have shown that the levels of iron deposition in the brain, particularly in deep gray matter nuclei, vary as a function of age. On the other hand, elevated iron has also been associated with some neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) among others.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging modality which is sensitive to magnetic properties of materials …

Novel Pulsatile Cardiac Assist Pump, Lakshmi Mohanadas

Wayne State University Theses

The project involve the research and development of a pulsatile, complex or continuous flow in biological and non-biological systems implantable heart assist pump. Specifically as a 20% cardiac assist for persons from congestive heart failure and other cardiac abnormalities. The pulsatile cardiac assist pump would provide upto 20% of the blood pumping process from the venous supply to the arterial supply. Current pumps are largely complete bypass pumps or large volume pumps that produce significant long term blood cell damage resulting in thrombosis. Most are not pulsatile which offers a significant physiological advantage. The pump under development is designed to …

Programmable Dna Delivery To Cells Using Bioreducible Layer-By-Layer (Lbl) Polyelectrolyte Thin Films, Maria Muniz

Wayne State University Theses

Bioreducible, layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte films show great promise for use in biomedical implant and gene-delivery applications. These nanometer-scale thin films can easily be coated onto a variety of implantable surfaces or devices. To achieve proof of concept, HEK-293, NIH/3T3, RAW, and MC3T3 cells were transfected using plasmid DNA with the green fluorescent protein reporter gene (GFP-DNA). In order to optimize transfection, a number of polyelectrolytes and biological components were systematically incorporated into the two similar basic LbL structures. Based on our previous degradation assays, it is shown that cellular interactions in vitro can break down the layers of the thin …

Assessment Of Temporal And Spatial Alterations In Spinal Glial Reactivityand The Extent Of Cervical Spinal Axonal Injury In The Rat After Blast Overpressure, Heena S. Purkait

Wayne State University Theses

Blast induced neurotrauma (BINT) is the signature wound of veterans returning from various military operations. A substantial percentage of Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans have reported to experience ongoing or new pain following their military service. Head (58%) and back (55%) have been the high prevailing locations of pain in these returning OIF and OEF veterans and the underlying pathomechanism of these conditions is yet to be understood. In the context of blast overpressure induced pathological changes, the fundamental question that still needs to be addressed is whether there are any underlying cellular injury changes the …

Fabrication And Characterization Of A Robust, Field- Deployable, Optical Sensor Designed To Detect Particles In Oils., Navya Pandreka

Wayne State University Theses

Some types of bacteria and fungus can use iron or non-ferrous metals for their metabolic process. Sulfate-reducing bacteria can corrode pipes in the oil industry and high-end machinery. Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria often degrade fuel quality and cause fuel system corrosion or alter the chemical properties of the fluid. This causes significant economic damage and safety concerns. Therefore, there is a need for a system to continuously monitor fuel or lubricant oil for the presence of bacteria and fungus.

The main goal of this project was to develop a sensor that can detect bacteria and other ferrous and non-ferrous …

Quantitative Brain Electrical Activity In The Initial Screening Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries After Blast, Chengpeng Zhou

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

QUANTITATIVE BRAIN ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE INITIAL SCREENING OF MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES AFTER BLAST

by

CHENGPENG ZHOU

August 2015

Advisor: Dr. John Michael Cavanaugh, Dr. Chaoyang Chen

Major: Biomedical Engineering

Degree: Master of Science

Objective: Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) has been reported to be sensitive in the diagnosis and measurement of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in civilian setting and thus may be a promising tool in individuals who have been exposed to blast forces. Using a swine model, this study investigated EEG changes early after blast exposure. The purpose was to determine if QEEG can detect brain activity …

Evaluation Of Mems Fabricated Fractal Based Free Standing Scaffolds For The Purposes Of Developing A Brain Bioreactor, Brandy Broadbent

Wayne State University Theses

The brain is the most complex organ in the body due to the multiple cell types,

billions of tightly packed synapses, extracellular matrix, and intricate topography. Microelectrical-mechanical

fabrication techniques exhibit promise in the field of neuronal

tissue engineering because the shape is highly controllable and a variety of materials can

be used in creation of bioreactors. This work evaluates the ability of a free standing TiO2

coated fractal scaffold to support healthy neuronal growth. Also evaluated is the

propensity for the neurons to take advantage of the 3D growing surface without the use of

complex extracellular matrix factors over the …

Neuroimage Analysis Of Traumatic Brain Injury In Human Patients, Hardik Doshi

Wayne State University Theses

CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AT THE ACUTE STAGE

by

Hardik J. Doshi

May 2014

Advisor: Dr. Zhifeng Kou

Major: Biomedical Engineering

Degree: Master of Science

There are more than 1.7 million reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases every year in the United States alone. Out of all these, more than 85% are mild TBI (mTBI) and it has significant socio-economic impacts. The motivation towards this study is to measure changes in the arterial cerebral blood flow (CBF) and venous oxygen saturation by combining Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Mapping (SWIM) techniques and …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Biodegradable Poly(Vinyl Esters) With Hdac Inhibitory Activity, Kyle Lawrence Horton

Wayne State University Theses

HDAC inhibitors are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. HDAC inhibitors are used in combination with Oct4 to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. I hypothesized that polyesters based on simple aliphatic HDAC inhibitors like valproic acid (VPA) and phenylbutyric acid (PBA) can serve as alternatives to existing polyester biomaterials with improved anti-inflammatory properties and as scaffolds for generation of iPSCs when used in combination with layer-by-layer thin films delivering reprogramming transcription factors. Vinyl ester of phenylbutyric acid (VEPA) and vinyl ester of valproic acid (VEVA) were synthesized from their carboxylic acid precursors using an iridium complex catalyst at yields as high …

Investigation Of Physiochemical Properties Of A Novel Gradient Calcium Polyphosphate Bone Scaffold And Its Influence On Cellular Behavior, Liang Chen

Wayne State University Theses

A good designed bone scaffold is crucial to bone tissue engineering. We have developed and characterized a novel gradient bone scaffold by combination of Calcium Polyphosphate (CPP) with different size of porogen (stearic acids). Compared with homogenous scaffold, the gradient bone scaffold with different pore size and porosity can better mimic natural bone structure. Directly perfusion flow bioreactor was developed. This 3D dynamic cell culture was better mimic the physiological condition for cell growth. It was beneficial to nutrition and oxygen delivery throughout the whole scaffold and was able to form shear stress. We wanted to investigate the effect of …

Compressed Sensing And Joint Acquisition Techniques In Mri, Rouhollah Hamtaei

Wayne State University Theses

The relatively long scan times in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) limits some clinical applications and the ability to collect more information in a reasonable period of time. Practically, 3D imaging requires longer acquisitions which can lead to a reduction in image quality due to motion artifacts, patient discomfort, increased costs to the healthcare system and loss of profit to the imaging center. The emphasis in reducing scan time has been to a large degree through using limited k-space data acquisition and special reconstruction techniques. Among these approaches are data extrapolation methods such as "constrained reconstruction" techniques, data interpolation methods such …

Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Cerebral Blood Flow Changes - A Potential Role For Caffeine, Sharath Chandra Reddy Bandaru

Wayne State University Theses

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem with significant socio-economic costs. Closed head TBIs are one of the major causes of physical disability and cognitive disorder in young adults and a leading cause of death in children.

Alteration in cerebral blood flow due to an impaired autoregulation is one of the most common consequences of TBI. However, studies related to understanding the temporal changes in CBF following TBI in experimental models are limited. The few available studies report acute reduction in CBF following TBI; knowledge related to CBF changes at sub-acute periods extending to 7 days after TBI …

Football Helmet Fitment And Its Effect On Helmet Performance, Ron Jadischke

Wayne State University Theses

A method and system to objectively quantify helmet fitment was designed and developed. It measures the pressure between the energy-absorbing material in the helmet and the athlete's head. This system is also capable of measuring surface pressure during impact events. A volunteer-based field study was conducted to quantify how helmets were fitting athletes in a real-life setting. The helmets fit athletes in varying degrees of tightness and evenness. Most athletes (59%) had the highest pressures in the frontal area and 29% had the highest pressure in the occipital area. A large-sized helmet on the Hybrid III headform represented how most …

Contact Pressure Distribution Of Osteochondral Defects Of The Knee: Effects Of Non-Vertical Walls, Scott Ensminger

Wayne State University Theses

Purpose: To examine the relationship between well-shouldered osteochondral defects and

defects of different geometries by studying their effects on rim stress concentration and

load redistribution in the human knee.

Methods: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were mounted at 30° of flexion in a materials

testing machine. Digital electronic pressure sensors were placed in the medial and lateral

compartments of the knee. Dynamic pressure readings were recorded throughout the

loading and holding phases as each knee was loaded to 700N and held for 5 seconds.

Artificial defects were created in each knee to simulate well-shouldered defects and

beveled-defects. Loading was repeated for …

Neurophysiological Changes In Spinal Nerve Roots Subjected To Tensile Loading At Several Strain Rates, Gurjiwan Singh Virk

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT:

Spinal nerve roots have been implicated in many types of traumatic injuries such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports injury, causing damage to brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus. They have also been involved in lower back pain, disc herniation or protrusions, sciatica, and traumatic birth delivers such as shoulder dystocia. These roots undergo tension, resulting in traumatic axonal injury (TAI), which is also one of the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Every year about 2 million cases of TBI are reported nationwide with variable neurological deficits. Thus, it is important to understand the neurophysiological response and injury …

Digital Human Models Of People With Disabilities, Ron Hamameh

Wayne State University Theses

The current state-of-the-art in Digital Human Modeling (DHM) allows for full simulation and analysis of any task a person is required to perform at home, at work, in the military, in space, in sports, etc. The problem is that the software is missing a very important population: people with physical disabilities. What modifications and enhancements must be made to existing, commercially available DHM software to include this population?

Characterizing The Controlled Release Of Glial Cell-Line Derived (Gdnf) Neurotrophic Factor From Encapsulated Schwann Cells, Kristy Broadrick

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

CHARACTERIZING THE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF GDNF IN SCHWANN CELLS

by

KRISTY BROADRICK

May 2010

Advisor: Dr. Pamela VandeVord

Major: Biomedical Engineering

Degree: Masters of Science

Controlled expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can be integrated in the development of a system for repair of injured peripheral nerves. This delivery strategy was demonstrated via inducible GDNF from microencapsulated cells in barium alginate. The Schwann cell line RT4-D6P2T was initially modified utilizing an ecdysone-based stable transfection system to produce RT4-GDNF cells. During construct preparation, it was found that C6 cells (where GDNF cDNA was isolated) make three GDNF …

The Acute And Sub-Acute Effects Of Electrosurgical And Ultrasonic Surgical Devices On The Neurophysiologic Changes Of Sciatic Nerve Function, Anuja Gopalkrishna Vedpathak

Wayne State University Theses

THE ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE EFFECTS OF ELECTROSURGICAL AND ULTRASONIC SURGICAL DEVICES ON THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES OF SCIATIC NERVE FUNCTION

Since the dawn of medicine, blood loss during surgeries has been one of the major concerns for the surgeons. Iatrogenic blood loss can have several harmful effects on the patient condition. With the rapid development in technology, the blood loss can now be significantly minimized by using a variety of vessel sealing devices that use several energy sources to seal the blood vessels or tissue bundles instead of traditional sutures and clips. These devices can be used in several general, colorectal, …

Validation Of Lower Limb Surrogates As Injury Assessment Tools In Floor Impacts Due To Anti-Vehicular Landmine Explosions, Ana Barbir

Wayne State University Theses

The aim of this study is to assess the ability of lower limb surrogates to predict injury due to floor impact in military vehicles during anti-vehicular (AV) landmine explosions. Most such surrogates have originally been constructed for use in automotive crash applications, where footwell intrusion is the main source of lower limb injury. Land mine explosions, however, create different loading conditions on the lower leg. Comparatively, the peak loads are higher but the durations are shorter and the loading occurs axially through the tibia, instead of the axial loading combined with foot rotation that is often observed in automotive applications. …