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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Mesenchymal Stem Cells As Targeted Cell Vehicles To Deliver Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles For Cancer Therapy, Kytai Truong Nguyen
Mesenchymal Stem Cells As Targeted Cell Vehicles To Deliver Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles For Cancer Therapy, Kytai Truong Nguyen
Bioengineering Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Nanomaterials For Photo-Based Diagnostic And Therapeutic Applications, Baohong Yuan, Jyothi Unnikrishna Menon, Khanh Vu, Parth V. Jadeja, Kytai Truong Nguyen, Pranjali P. Tambe
Nanomaterials For Photo-Based Diagnostic And Therapeutic Applications, Baohong Yuan, Jyothi Unnikrishna Menon, Khanh Vu, Parth V. Jadeja, Kytai Truong Nguyen, Pranjali P. Tambe
Bioengineering Faculty Publications
Photo-based diagnosis and treatment methods are gaining prominence due to increased spatial imaging resolution, minimally invasive modalities involved as well as localized treatment. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and used in photo-based therapeutic applications. While some nanomaterials have inherent photo-based imaging capabilities, others including polymeric NPs act as nanocarriers to deliver various fluorescent dyes or photosensitizers for photoimaging and therapeutic applications. These applications can vary from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and optical imaging to photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy. Materials commonly used for development of photo-based NPs ranges from metal-based (gold, silver and silica) to polymer- based (chitosan, dextran, …
Protoporphyrin Ix (Ppix)-Conjugated Self-Lighting Nanoparticles For Photodynamic Therapy: Synthesis And Characterization, Homa Homayoni
Protoporphyrin Ix (Ppix)-Conjugated Self-Lighting Nanoparticles For Photodynamic Therapy: Synthesis And Characterization, Homa Homayoni
Bioengineering Dissertations
In Photodynamic therapy (PDT) PDT, cancer destruction relies on applying a photosensitizing drug (PS) followed by light. Absorbed light can activate the PS to transfer energy to existing molecules and substrates or to oxygen to generate singlet oxygen which are highly toxic to cells. Protophorphyrin IX (PpIX) is a photosensitizers (PSs) which has FDA approval and an absorbance near the Soret band which is 10 times stronger than the absorbance in Q-band (600nm). Our goal was to design a modality to eliminate of external blue light in addition to increasing the drug's water dispersion which finally may result in enhancing …
Development Of A Model To Simulate The Single-Limb Stance Phase Of Walking To Determine The Limits Of Stability, Clifford Lee Hancock
Development Of A Model To Simulate The Single-Limb Stance Phase Of Walking To Determine The Limits Of Stability, Clifford Lee Hancock
Bioengineering Theses
Falls during walking are the primary cause of injuries for older persons and present a high associated cost to society due to the resulting treatment. Hence, the control of balance while moving is an essential issue especially amongst the elderly population. Better understanding of why and how these falls occur could lead to better fall prevention methods, therapies, or devices. These changes could effectively decrease overall emergency room visits, create more room in hospitals for other demands, and decrease medical costs for fall-related disabilities and deaths amongst patients overall. This study attempted to develop an inverted pendulum model of the …
Diffuse Optical Tomography To Study The Ischemic Stroke In Rat Models, Zi-Jing Lin
Diffuse Optical Tomography To Study The Ischemic Stroke In Rat Models, Zi-Jing Lin
Bioengineering Dissertations
Stroke, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, is the major leading cause of death in the United States. More than 80 percent of stroke patients are diagnosed with ischemic stroke, which usually results from blockage of artery in the brain by thrombosis or arterial embolism. Animal Models, which permit powerful genetic and molecular approaches, provide an essential tool to study and understand the basic processes and potential therapeutic interventions for this disease. Significant efforts have been made to closely mimic the changes that occur in humans during and after stroke using animal models. Recent development on near infrared (NIR) diffuse …
Noninvasive Assessment Of Tumor Hypoxia Using Oxygen Sensitive Mri In Prostate Tumor Models, Rashmi Reddy Pabhathi Reddy
Noninvasive Assessment Of Tumor Hypoxia Using Oxygen Sensitive Mri In Prostate Tumor Models, Rashmi Reddy Pabhathi Reddy
Bioengineering Theses
A variety of solid tumors reveal oxygen deficiency as a result of rapid growth and insufficient tumor angiogenesis. Hypoxia in solid tumors appears to speed up malignant progression and metastatic potential of primary tumors thus leading to resistance against anticancer drugs and decreased response to radiotherapy.Of various in vivo non-invasive techniques to assess tumor hypoxia, oxygen-sensitive MRI (BOLD and TOLD) is an attractive and reliable option. Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) and Tissue Oxygen Level Dependent (TOLD) MRI offer potential insight into tumor hypoxia. BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependant) contrast MRI which measures R2* (1/T2*) is sensitive to endogenous paramagnetic …
Investigation Of Nanoparticle Delivery To Cancer Cells By Conjugation With Various Targeting Moieties, Leila Hossein Rashidi
Investigation Of Nanoparticle Delivery To Cancer Cells By Conjugation With Various Targeting Moieties, Leila Hossein Rashidi
Bioengineering Theses
Recently, mapping and profiling of specific tumor biomarkers characterizing cancer cells, followed by understanding of signal cascades involved in the pathogenesis of tumors (targeted therapy), as well as diagnosis in early stages, have become promising topics in cancer research. Since, the most considerable limitations of conventional therapies and diagnostic modalities are associated with nonspecific targeting; designing intelligent new anti-cancer nanocarries improved by targeting biomolecules could enhance therapeutic efficiencies as well as diagnosis in early stage of cancer. Active targeting which is based on the surface accessibility and the high level of expression of specific cancer antigens has attracted much attention …
Effect Of Body Mass Index On The Biomechanical Properties Of Anterior Vaginal Wall Tissue Of Prolapsed Patients, Sandra Gabriela Ochoa Lopez
Effect Of Body Mass Index On The Biomechanical Properties Of Anterior Vaginal Wall Tissue Of Prolapsed Patients, Sandra Gabriela Ochoa Lopez
Bioengineering Theses
Anterior Vaginal Wall (AVW) prolapse is a bothersome condition that affects thousands of women. Its onset and progression is not well understood but is thought to be multifactorial. Biomechanical properties of AVW tissue from prolapsed patients have been measured in-vitro using excised tissue specimens with great variability found in results, possibly from differences in tissue preparation, setting, preservation time, temperature, hydration, etc. In-vivo test using a BTC-2000TM cutometer-like device has recently been developed that measures the tissue uplift under suction pressure load. In this study, a systematical analysis of biomechanical property measurements from AVW tissues was done, including both in-vitro …
Measurement Of Transverse Relaxation Times Of Cerebral Metabolites In Brain Tumors, Akshay Madan
Measurement Of Transverse Relaxation Times Of Cerebral Metabolites In Brain Tumors, Akshay Madan
Bioengineering Theses
Proton (¹H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a non-invasive means of assessing metabolite concentration for a range of biologically important cerebral compounds in vivo. To extract quantitative information, additional data regarding proton spin relaxation phenomena is critical. Transverse relaxation times (T₂) of cellular metabolites depend on the local molecular environment in which they reside. Several neurological diseases alter the molecular environment, which may be reflected in the changes of the T₂ relaxation times. Therefore alterations in T₂ in tumors may provide important information about the local environment and a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool. Thirty-seven adult patients with gliomas and 11 …
Performance Of Wavelet Denoising And Automatic Detection Of Action Potentials On Simulated And Real Electrneurographic Recordings, Manikandan Ravi
Performance Of Wavelet Denoising And Automatic Detection Of Action Potentials On Simulated And Real Electrneurographic Recordings, Manikandan Ravi
Bioengineering Theses
About 1 in 200 people living in the U.S have had an amputation at some stage in their lives. Development of neurally controlled artificial limb prosthesis with the ability to finely control motor activity continues to prove difficult for researchers in the field. One approach is to use the signals obtained from the peripheral nerves by placing an intraneural electrode in the nerve. Since this signal is very noisy, much of the useful information is either lost or buried in the noise even after FIR filtering. Furthermore, there is a need for fast, automated detection of action potentials in order …
Kinetics Analyses Of Interactions Between Oncogenic And Tumor Suppressor Proteins By Quantitative High Resolution Microscopy Methods, Shu-Fen Tseng
Kinetics Analyses Of Interactions Between Oncogenic And Tumor Suppressor Proteins By Quantitative High Resolution Microscopy Methods, Shu-Fen Tseng
Bioengineering Dissertations
DAB2IP is correlated to the risk of aggressive prostate cancer and loss of DAB2IP not only leads to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but also makes cells radioresistant. These observations support the notion that improved knowledge of DAB2IP involvement in cellular pathways could be of help to cancer therapy. The goal of this work was to enable the study of how DAB2IP and some of its known key molecular partners interact in the cell by a combination of molecular biology techniques and recently reported quantitative fluorescence microscopy methods. The first part of this work was dedicated on investigating the interaction of DAB2IP …
Recombinant Expression, Purification And Kinetic Characterization Of F₄₂₀-Cofactor Dependent Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase From Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Tijani Osumah
Bioengineering Theses
The FGD (F₄₂₀-dependent Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) enzyme is an F₄₂₀ Cofactor (7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin) dependent enzyme found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). TB is still a prominent cause of illness and death worldwide. Because FGD is not found in humans, makes it a good target for drug development. By understanding the hydride transfer mechanism of the FGD in detail, we can aid in the improvement of drug targeting and development for the treatment of TB. FGD catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosophogluconolactone. This project focuses on the purification and kinetic characterization of recombinant FGD using steady-state and pre-steady …
Reliable Frontal Cortex Activity For An Oral Stroop Task Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Matthew Allen Cloud
Reliable Frontal Cortex Activity For An Oral Stroop Task Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Matthew Allen Cloud
Bioengineering Theses
Analysis tools such as HomER and NIRS-SPM for functional Near-Infrared systems are commercially or freely available; however, they are difficult for clinicians to use as an assessment tool. One barrier to their use is the reliability of a given functional test. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) provide a measure of group and individual reliability. NIRS-SPM was extended with ICC to assess a two part modified Stroop task. The protocol was repeated once every two weeks over a period of one month. Changes in neural activity attributed to inhibition of distraction, show significant covariance to the protocol with moderate to strong reliability …
Development Of Non-Invasive Methods For Imaging Inflammatory Response, Yi-Ting Tsai
Development Of Non-Invasive Methods For Imaging Inflammatory Response, Yi-Ting Tsai
Bioengineering Dissertations
Persistent inflammatory cell reactions are responsible for the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Although many non-invasive imaging methods have been used in the clinics to monitor the extent of inflammatory responses, almost all of them are based on indirect detection of inflammation-associated anatomical or structure changes of tissues and organs. To fill the gap, our laboratory has focused research efforts on detecting different processes of inflammatory responses. Our results can be summarized in the sequence of inflammatory responses - edema formation, inflammatory cell recruitment, inflammatory product release, and cell death. Shortly after medical device implantation or injury, edema …
An Investigation Of Concurrent Variations In Blood Oxygen Saturation And Cerebral Blood Flow During Apnea, Jennifer Swittens
An Investigation Of Concurrent Variations In Blood Oxygen Saturation And Cerebral Blood Flow During Apnea, Jennifer Swittens
Bioengineering Theses
Sleep apnea derived from Greek word "apnoia" which means "without air or temporary interruption in breathing", is a sleep - associated breathing disorder that involves a decrease or complete stop in airflow despite a constant effort to breathe. It is estimated that sleep apnea is prevalent in the US in 18 million people and is approximately 6% of the population.This thesis aims to study the physiological effects of sleep apnea on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the percentage oxygen saturation (%SaO2), the effect of duration of apnea episode or a breath hold on CBF and %SaO2 and to derive a …
Long Gap Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Using Decellularized Nerve Grafts, Srikanth Vasudevan
Long Gap Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Using Decellularized Nerve Grafts, Srikanth Vasudevan
Bioengineering Dissertations
Peripheral nerve injuries that arise as a result of trauma, tumor excision or birth can adversely affect the quality of patient life, leading to lifelong disabilities in some cases. Autologous nerve grafts are the clinical "gold standard" for long gap nerve repair, and allogeneic nerve grafts are considered the next best treatment option. Despite having numerous benefits, autologous nerve grafts are associated with limited supply, longer operation time, risk of infection, painful neuroma formation and most importantly, loss of function at the donor site. Allogeneic nerve grafts require transient immunosuppression, which exposes the patients to risks of infection, toxicity and …
The Pivotal Role Of Fibrocytes On Foreign Body Reactions, David William Baker
The Pivotal Role Of Fibrocytes On Foreign Body Reactions, David William Baker
Bioengineering Dissertations
Fibrocytes are circulating connective tissue precursor cells that were first described in 1994 by Bucala et al. as mediators of the innate immune response [1]. Recently the notion of a fibrocyte has not only gained widespread acceptance, but these cells have been identified to participate in a number of disease and pathologic states including aberrant wound repair, fibrosis of organs, cardiovascular disease, and even normal aging. Despite these advancements, little was known about the response of these dynamic cells to biomaterial implants and foreign body reactions. The main focus of my thesis work has therefore focused on investigating fibrocyte-mediate responses, …
Design, Fabrication And Evaluation Of A Novel Microfluidic Based In Vitro Cell Migration Assay, Sai Sirisha Dhavala
Design, Fabrication And Evaluation Of A Novel Microfluidic Based In Vitro Cell Migration Assay, Sai Sirisha Dhavala
Bioengineering Theses
Microfabrication and microfluidic devices have been recognized as potential platforms for cell-based and drug screening studies. Human glioblastoma multiforme (hGBM) cells migrate inside the central nervous system (CNS) in narrow space constrictions and rarely metastasize through bloodstream. Hence, microfluidic devices consisting of narrow channels are considered as suitable models to study cell migration in vitro. Further the migratory capability of each individual cell could be easily obtained and quantified using such system. This effort presents the design and development of an alternative microfluidic system that provides an integrated array of channels for screening multiple drugs simultaneously. This system is an …
Establishment And Characterization Of An Animal Model Of Distraction Spinal Cord Injury, Jennifer Elisabeth Stearns Bell
Establishment And Characterization Of An Animal Model Of Distraction Spinal Cord Injury, Jennifer Elisabeth Stearns Bell
Bioengineering Dissertations
Scoliosis corrective surgery requires the application of multidirectional stress forces to the spinal cord, including those of distraction, in addition to the application of fixation rods for correction of the curved spine deformity. If excessive, spine distraction may result in the development of new neurologic deficits, some as severe as permanent paralysis. Intraoperative monitoring is used to alert the surgeon to possible complications; however, the complex nature of spinal cord injury (SCI) involves a primary mechanical insult to the tissue and/or vasculature that may go undetected by monitoring. This is followed by the activation of widespread secondary injury mechanisms. The …
Microfluidic Device For Determining Preferential Cell Migration Toward Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Neil Hall
Microfluidic Device For Determining Preferential Cell Migration Toward Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Neil Hall
Bioengineering Theses
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins interact with cells in bodily microenvironments by influencing their essential cellular processes in growth, survival, migration and repair after injury. In this study, a novel microfluidic device was developed to study preferential interactions of cells with multiple extracellular matrix proteins simultaneously in an unbiased manner. The implementation of PDITC-treated glass and a controlled laminar flow of multiple separated, soluble proteins was used to create an unbiased microenvironment in which ECM proteins are adsorbed on the glass surface in a manner that simultaneously exposes cells to multiple proteins, and allows them to migrate or outgrow toward the …
Microfluidic Chip-Based Fabrication Of Hollow Alginate Microfiber For Enzyme Entrapment And Reaction, Uyen Hoang Thao Pham
Microfluidic Chip-Based Fabrication Of Hollow Alginate Microfiber For Enzyme Entrapment And Reaction, Uyen Hoang Thao Pham
Bioengineering Theses
This thesis demonstrates a simple process to generate alginate hollow microfibers by using a non-lithographic PDMS microfluidic device. The microfluidic device was fabricated by a novel template method in a wet lab without the support of any conventional lithography techniques. The relationships of the flow rate and the diameter of hollow alginate fibers were characterized. It was found that the outer diameter of the alginate hollow fiber was independent of the flow rate, but the core flow and sheath flow played an important role to control the internal diameter and the wall thickness of the alginate hollow microfiber. At a …
Metacom: Automated Data Processing And Analysis Of Metagenomic Community Sequences, Cody A. Tramp, Charles D. Miller
Metacom: Automated Data Processing And Analysis Of Metagenomic Community Sequences, Cody A. Tramp, Charles D. Miller
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Advances in next generation sequencing technology have allowed metagenomic researchers to study the composition of bacterial communities through analysis of the vast numbers of sequence reads that these technologies generate. It is not feasible to analyze and interpret this large amount of data manually and individual research groups must create automated scripts and programs to analyze this data. Here, we present MetaCom, a program that offers a common set of analysis and organizational tools that can be used by research groups in the analysis of environmental samples. MetaCom is an open-source software tool that can process next generation sequencing output, …