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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Automotive Engineering
Muscle Synergies Improve Estimation Of Knee Contact Forces During Walking, Benjamin Fregly, Jonathan Walter, Allison Kinney, Scott Banks, Darryl D'Lima, Thor Besier, David Lloyd
Muscle Synergies Improve Estimation Of Knee Contact Forces During Walking, Benjamin Fregly, Jonathan Walter, Allison Kinney, Scott Banks, Darryl D'Lima, Thor Besier, David Lloyd
Allison Kinney
This study investigates whether use of subject-specific muscle synergies can improve optimization predictions of muscle excitation patterns and knee contact forces during walking. Muscle synergies describe how a small number of neural commands generated by the nervous system can be linearly combined to produce the broad range of muscle electromyographic (EMG) signals measured experimentally. By quantifying the interdependence of individual EMG signals, muscle synergies provide dimensionality reduction for the neural control redundancy problem. Our hypothesis was that use of subjectspecific muscle synergies to limit muscle excitation patterns would improve prediction of muscle EMG patterns at the hip, knee, and ankle …
Muscle Synergy Constraints Improve Prediction Of Knee Contact Force During Gait, Benjamin Fregly, Jonathan Walter, Allison Kinney, Scott Banks, Darryl D'Lima, Thor Besier, David Lloyd
Muscle Synergy Constraints Improve Prediction Of Knee Contact Force During Gait, Benjamin Fregly, Jonathan Walter, Allison Kinney, Scott Banks, Darryl D'Lima, Thor Besier, David Lloyd
Allison Kinney
Knowledge of patient-specific muscle and joint contact forces during activities of daily living could improve the treatment of movement-related disorders (e.g., osteoarthritis, stroke, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease). Unfortunately, it is currently impossible to measure these quantities directly under common clinical conditions, and calculation of these quantities using computer models is limited by the redundant nature of human neural control (i.e., more muscles than theoretically necessary to actuate the available degrees of freedom in the skeleton). Walking is a particularly important task to understand, since loss of mobility is associated with increased morbidity and decreased quality of life. Though numerous musculoskeletal …
Evaluation Of Different Optimal Control Problem Formulations For Solving The Muscle Redundancy Problem, Friedl De Groote, Allison Kinney, Anil Rao, Benjamin Fregly
Evaluation Of Different Optimal Control Problem Formulations For Solving The Muscle Redundancy Problem, Friedl De Groote, Allison Kinney, Anil Rao, Benjamin Fregly
Allison Kinney
This study evaluates several possible optimal control problem formulations for solving the muscle redundancy problem with the goal of identifying the most efficient and robust formulation. One novel formulation involves the introduction of additional controls that equal the time derivative of the states, resulting in very simple dynamic equations. The nonlinear equations describing muscle dynamics are then imposed as algebraic constraints in their implicit form, simplifying their evaluation. By comparing different problem formulations for computing muscle controls that can reproduce inverse dynamic joint torques during gait, we demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed novel formulation.
Material Properties And Microstructural Characterization Of Specimens, T.J. Silverman, Allison Kinney, B. South, W. Yong, J.H. Koo
Material Properties And Microstructural Characterization Of Specimens, T.J. Silverman, Allison Kinney, B. South, W. Yong, J.H. Koo
Allison Kinney
The HiQ upgrade to the 3D Systems Vanguard selective laser sintering (SLS) machine incorporates a revised thermal calibration system and new software. This paper quantifies differences in mechanical and morphological properties of specimens built first using a Vanguard HS (high-speed) system and again using the same system with the HiQ upgrade applied. Standard specimens are built from DuraForm PA material and tested for tensile modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength. The design of the specimen battery, the conduction of the tests and the significance of the results are discussed. The upgrade is found to …
Synergies Controls Improve Prediction Of Knee Contact Forces And Muscle Excitations During Gait, Benjamin Fregly, Jonathan Walter, Allison Kinney, Scott Banks, Darryl D'Lima, Thor Besier, David Lloyd
Synergies Controls Improve Prediction Of Knee Contact Forces And Muscle Excitations During Gait, Benjamin Fregly, Jonathan Walter, Allison Kinney, Scott Banks, Darryl D'Lima, Thor Besier, David Lloyd
Allison Kinney
This study investigates whether use of muscle excitation controls constructed from subjectspecific muscle synergy information can improve optimization prediction of knee contact forces and muscle excitations during walking. Muscle synergies quantify how a large number of experimental muscle electromyographic (EMG) signals can be reconstructed by linearly mixing a much smaller number of neural commands generated by the nervous system. Our hypothesis was that controlling all muscle excitations with a small set of experimentally calculated neural commands would improve prediction of knee contact forces and leg muscle excitations compared to using independently controlled muscle excitations.
Comparison Of Material Properties And Microstructure Of Specimens Built Using The 3d Systems Vanguard Hs And Vanguard Hiq+Hs Sls Systems, T.J. Silverman, Allison Kinney, W. Yong, J.H. Koo
Comparison Of Material Properties And Microstructure Of Specimens Built Using The 3d Systems Vanguard Hs And Vanguard Hiq+Hs Sls Systems, T.J. Silverman, Allison Kinney, W. Yong, J.H. Koo
Allison Kinney
The HiQ upgrade to the 3D Systems Vanguard selective laser sintering (SLS) machine incorporates a revised thermal calibration system and new control software. The paper compares the tensile modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus, Izod impact resistance and microstructure of two batteries of standard specimens built from recycled Duraform PA (Nylon 12). The first set is built on a Vanguard HS system and the second on the same system with the HiQ upgrade installed. The upgrade reduces user intervention, decreases total build time and improves surface finish. However, using the default processing parameters, tensile, flexure and impact properties …
Autonomous Cars And Driverless Lethal Autonomy, Nyagudi Musandu Nyagudi
Autonomous Cars And Driverless Lethal Autonomy, Nyagudi Musandu Nyagudi
Nyagudi M Nyagudi
“The small picture” - make an advanced autonomous /driverless car. Lots of algorithms, sensors, computers and other gizmos. Now get it to take you to work, park itself and seamlessly run your family errands around the city. Taking grandma to the doctor for the medical check-up, getting the children from school, etc. With Radar, Lidar and other sensors, the car steering with ease through the traffic, no driver to pay, that is another plus, fuel/energy efficiency, yet another plus. It is a bold new world and the sky is the limit. Without the resolution of “small picture” issues there is …
Preventive Maintenance By Vibratory Analysis: Case Study, Amal Boukili, Mohammed Hammoumi
Preventive Maintenance By Vibratory Analysis: Case Study, Amal Boukili, Mohammed Hammoumi
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The majority of the industrial machine components have to satisfy to the requirements of the high quality and incessantly increasing; so the machines maintaining in good state during the production has became a fundamental point for a product or a company success. Through the measure of the predictive maintenance, it is possible to satisfy these complex requirements with success and to reduce the costs of maintenance. However, an optimization of the maintenance is realized by a continued monitoring of degradation, by way of a control system on line “On Line”, which can respond to industrial imperatives and which provides to …
A Simplified Method For Analyzing Factors Contributing To Motorcyclists’ Fatal Injuries In Ohio, Deogratias Eustace, Vamsi Krishna Indupuru
A Simplified Method For Analyzing Factors Contributing To Motorcyclists’ Fatal Injuries In Ohio, Deogratias Eustace, Vamsi Krishna Indupuru
Deogratias Eustace
The aim of this paper was to analyze traffic crash data by using a simplified method in determining significant factors that increase the risk of a motorcyclist being fatally injured once involved in a motorcycle crash in Ohio. The concept of overrepresentation, which is similar to relative risk, was used in identifying significant variables associated with the elevated risk of a motorcycle crash resulting into a fatality. The overrepresentation factor (ORF) was calculated for each variable of interest. The ORF offers a simple but powerful procedure of determining whether a certain factor significantly occurs more or less frequently in one …
Why Toyota And Honda Topped The 2002 J.D. Power Quality Study, Susan Lightle, Kenneth Yale Rosenzweig, John Talbott
Why Toyota And Honda Topped The 2002 J.D. Power Quality Study, Susan Lightle, Kenneth Yale Rosenzweig, John Talbott
Kenneth Y. Rosenzweig
Toyota again topped the annual J. D. Power and Associates quality study released in late May of 2002. Toyota scored the highest mark ever with l 07 defects per l 00 vehicles, while Honda came in second with 113 defects. The study was based on responses of approximately 65,000 new car owners queried during their first 90-days of ownership. These results do not surprise us, as we have been fortunate to make numerous sojourns to the Toyota plant in Georgetown, Kentucky, and observe the manufacturing processes. These trips were normally facilitated by a former Japanese student of ours, Minako Yanke, …
Metacomposites Protection System Against Primary Blast Injury, Kwek Tan, C. Sun
Metacomposites Protection System Against Primary Blast Injury, Kwek Tan, C. Sun
Dr. Kwek-Tze Tan
There is an increasing use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in terrorist and insurgent activities. Exposure to blast is becoming more frequent. Blast related injuries can be inflicted at various levels. Primary blast injury results from blast wave-induced changes in atmospheric pressure, causing organs and tissues to rupture due to shearing and stretching at different rates. Secondary blast injury results from objects put in motion by the blast wind impacting a person. Tertiary blast injury results from a person being blown into solid objects by the blast wind. This paper deals with the protection system against primary blast injury by …
Cord Load Characteristics In Bias And Belted-Bias Tires, Joseph Walter, George Hall
Cord Load Characteristics In Bias And Belted-Bias Tires, Joseph Walter, George Hall
Dr. Joseph D. Walter
Two improved versions of a recently developed miniature force transducer were used to measure cord loads at the crown, shoulder, and sidewall of bias and belted-bias automobile tires under different testing conditions. As a transducer at a given location passes through the footprint, a “basic shape” for the cord force pattern is generated for straight ahead rolling and cornering. Factors such as wheel load, inflation pressure, obstacle impact, tire speed, rim width, and frictional properties of the tire-drum interface can affect the total force excursion and/or the base line value but do not affect the basic shape of the patterns. …
Usability Evaluation Of A Paratransit Mobile Application, Elizabeth Argyle, Chen Ling, Randa Shehab
Usability Evaluation Of A Paratransit Mobile Application, Elizabeth Argyle, Chen Ling, Randa Shehab
Dr. Chen Ling
TransitMobile is a mobile application that provides logistic information to drivers in Oklahoma community-based paratransit operations. Passenger reservation information is transferred from the home agency to in-vehicle mobile devices to notify the drivers as reservations are made in real-time. In this study, user testing and a questionnaire were used to evaluate the usability of the application. Task completion times and subjective measures from the questionnaire pointed to areas of the system design that caused errors. The effects of practice revealed the importance of training for drivers in the field. While TransitMobile is a promising application, the system in which it …
Solving The Car Sequencing Problem Using Heuristic Approaches (Définition De La Séquence De Production Pour Une Linge D’Assemblage D’Automobiles), Soumia Ichoua, Abdelilah Chiguer, Fayez F. Boctor
Solving The Car Sequencing Problem Using Heuristic Approaches (Définition De La Séquence De Production Pour Une Linge D’Assemblage D’Automobiles), Soumia Ichoua, Abdelilah Chiguer, Fayez F. Boctor
Soumia Ichoua
Le principe de la personnalisation de l’offre amène l’industrie de l’automobile à proposer, pour chaque modèle vendu, un nombre important d’options, telles que le toit ouvrant, l’air climatisé ou les freins ABS. Cette diversité d’options nous oblige à accorder une grande attention au problème de la détermination de la séquence de voitures à assembler car l’équilibrage de la ligne d’assemblage en dépend. Pour définir une bonne séquence pour une journée de travail, nous proposons d’utiliser des heuristiques pour générer une séquence initiale puis d’utiliser des procédures pour en améliorer la qualité.