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Articles 391 - 420 of 734
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Blast-Wave Impact Mitigation Using Negative Effective Mass Density Concept Of Elastic Metamaterials, Kwek Tan, H. Huang, C. Sun
Blast-Wave Impact Mitigation Using Negative Effective Mass Density Concept Of Elastic Metamaterials, Kwek Tan, H. Huang, C. Sun
Dr. Kwek-Tze Tan
This paper presents the use of elastic metamaterials for impact attenuation and blast-wave mitigation. Metamaterials represent a novel and emerging research area where materials exhibit exceptional properties not commonly found in natural materials. These unique properties are enacted by specifically designed microstructures. In this study, a single-resonator model and a dual-resonator microstructural design are proposed to exhibit negative effective mass density. The effect of negative effective mass density is explicitly confirmed by analysis of wave propagation using numerical simulations. Results evidently show that impact stress wave attenuation occurs over a wider frequency spectrum for the dual-resonator model as compared to …
Impact Damage Resistance, Response, And Mechanisms Of Laminated Composites Reinforced By Through-Thickness Stitching, Kwek Tan, N. Watanabe, Y. Iwahori
Impact Damage Resistance, Response, And Mechanisms Of Laminated Composites Reinforced By Through-Thickness Stitching, Kwek Tan, N. Watanabe, Y. Iwahori
Dr. Kwek-Tze Tan
In this article, the study of impact damage of laminated composites reinforced by through-thickness stitching is investigated and presented in threefold. Specimens stitched with varying stitch density and stitch thread thickness are subjected to low-velocity impact via a drop-weight machine. Impact damage resistance is first studied by examining the extent of delamination area in damaged specimens using ultrasonic C-scan analysis. It is revealed that higher stitch density is more capable of impeding delamination growth by arresting cracks at closer interval and suppressing crack propagation. The use of thicker stitch thread offers slight improvement to damage resistance by marginal reduction in …
Effect Of Lcp Addition On The Properties Of Hybrid Composites, Sreekumar Pisharath, Shing Chung Josh Wong
Effect Of Lcp Addition On The Properties Of Hybrid Composites, Sreekumar Pisharath, Shing Chung Josh Wong
Dr. Shing-Chung Josh Wong
A hybrid composite consisting of rubber toughened nylon 6,6, glass fiber and LCP was investigated by varying LCP content. The hybrid system exhibited better processability than the glass fiber reinforced composite. A decrease in the total torque was observed with the LCP content indicating the reduction in the energy consumed during the processing of the hybrid composites. Thermal stability of the glass fiber reinforced composites improved with LCP addition. SEM observation of the tensile fracture surface revealed LCP fibrillation in the toughened matrix.
Measurement Of Adhesion Energy Of Electrospun Polymer Membranes Using A Shaft-Loaded Blister Test, Shing Chung Josh Wong, Haining Na, Pei Chen
Measurement Of Adhesion Energy Of Electrospun Polymer Membranes Using A Shaft-Loaded Blister Test, Shing Chung Josh Wong, Haining Na, Pei Chen
Dr. Shing-Chung Josh Wong
This study aims to examine the adhesion work of electrospun polymer nano- and micro-fibers. The adhesion energy at the interface of electrospun membrane and a rigid substrate is characterized by a shaft-loaded blister test (SLBT). By controlling the processing parameters, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous membranes are prepared with fiber diameters ranging from 201 ± 86 nm to 2,724 ± 587 nm. The adhesion energy between electrospun membrane and rigid substrate increases from 8.1 ± 0.7 mJ/m2 to 258.8 ± 43.5 mJ/m2 by use of smaller fiber diameters. Adhesion energies between electrospun PVDF membranes and SiC substrates made of different grain …
Electrospun Polymeric Membranes For Adhesion, Johnny F. Najem, Shing Chung Josh Wong, Guang Ji
Electrospun Polymeric Membranes For Adhesion, Johnny F. Najem, Shing Chung Josh Wong, Guang Ji
Dr. Shing-Chung Josh Wong
With growing interest in detachable adhesives, new materials are explored such as the types that employ elastomers, thermoplastics, and pressuresensitive polymers [1]. Generally, these adhesives produce substantial shear adhesion strengths but are considerably difficult to detach from surfaces. Commercial high strength adhesives make use of chemical interactions such as glues and permanently attach two surfaces. Subsequently, fabrication of dry adhesives with anisotropic force distributions has the potential in several applications such as tapes, fasteners, treads of wall-climbing robots, spiderman's suits, microelectronics, medical and space applications. High aspect ratio (AR) structures exhibit significant shear adhesion strength compared to ones with low …
Polymer Fiber Arrays For Adhesion, Shing Chung Josh Wong, Johnny F. Najem, Guang Ji, Shuwen Chen
Polymer Fiber Arrays For Adhesion, Shing Chung Josh Wong, Johnny F. Najem, Guang Ji, Shuwen Chen
Dr. Shing-Chung Josh Wong
The ability of geckos to adhere to vertical solid surfaces comes from their remarkable feet with millions of projections terminating in nanometer spatulae. In this paper, we present a simple yet robust method for fabricating directionally sensitive dry adhesives. By using electrospun nylon 6 nanofiber arrays, we create gecko-inspired dry adhesives, that are electrically insulating, and that show shear adhesion strength of 27 N/cm2 on a glass slide. This measured value is 270% that reported of gecko feet and 97-fold above normal adhesion strength of the same arrays. The data indicate a strong shear binding-on and easy normal lifting-off. Size …
Measurement Of High Strain Regions In Particulate Composites Using Digital Image Correlation, Tsuchin Chu, Ajay Mahajan
Measurement Of High Strain Regions In Particulate Composites Using Digital Image Correlation, Tsuchin Chu, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper presents a methodology for the measurement of high strain regions in particulate composites used as rocket fuel. It is shown that there is statistical distribution of high strain regions through out a strained material. A theory is developed to determine the threshold that determines the identification of the high strain regions. It is shown that by using this approach it is possible to identify high strain regions that eventually lead to failure. These high strain regions are determined experimentally by using a high digital image correlation approach. This work may be used to identify very early on regions …
Analysis Of Short Crack Growth In Particulate Composites, Ying Zhang, Tsuchin P. Chu, Ajay Mohan Mahajan, Chi Tsieh Liu
Analysis Of Short Crack Growth In Particulate Composites, Ying Zhang, Tsuchin P. Chu, Ajay Mohan Mahajan, Chi Tsieh Liu
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper presents the analysis of the short-crack propagation and growth in particulate composite materials by using the image correlation techniques and fracture mechanics theory. The fracture mechanics model for a long crack does not work very well with short-crack propagation when the initial crack length is less than 5.1 mm (0.2 inch). In order to investigate the short crack effect, a series of tests of particulate composite specimens with long and short cracks have been performed and the results were recorded on a video tape. These test data were analyzed to determine the strain fields near the crack tip, …
A Novel Method To Create Intelligent Sensors With Learning Capabilities To Improve Modern Production Systems, Ajay Mahajan
A Novel Method To Create Intelligent Sensors With Learning Capabilities To Improve Modern Production Systems, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
A formal theory for the development of a generic model of an autonomous sensor is proposed and implemented. An autonomous sensor is defined as an intelligent sensor that has machine learning capabilities. It not only interprets the acquired data in accordance with an embedded expert system knowledge base, but is also capable of using this data to modify and enhance this knowledge base. Hence, the system is capable of learning and thereby improving its performance over time. The main objective of the model is to combine the capabilities of the physical sensor and an expert operator monitoring the sensor in …
Local Material Properties Meausrement Using Ultrasonic C-Scan Techniques, Dooheon Kim, Tsuchin P. Chu, Ajay Mohan Mahajan
Local Material Properties Meausrement Using Ultrasonic C-Scan Techniques, Dooheon Kim, Tsuchin P. Chu, Ajay Mohan Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
Mechanical material properties of concrete specimen are evaluated locally and non-destructively using an ultrasonic C-scan system. The time of flight of the sound wave between front surface and back surface for test samples was measured. Local Young's modulus at scanning point and average Young's modulus of entire specimen are calculated. Testing techniques are developed by calibrating the transducer not only to compensate for the time delay but also to control the measurement of properties of interest, such as true density and local thickness. In order to obtain additional mechanical property, such as Poisson's ratio, the transverse velocities of the wave …
Multisensor Fusion Using Fuzzy Logic For An Integrated Smart Health Monitoring System, Amit Mojanty, Chris Leach, Ajay Mahajan
Multisensor Fusion Using Fuzzy Logic For An Integrated Smart Health Monitoring System, Amit Mojanty, Chris Leach, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper presents a generic model for an integrated smart health monitoring system for infrastructures using multisensor fusion and condition assessment sheets. Though various techniques for health monitoring have been discussed extensively in the literature, little attention has been given to obtain high quality data from the measurement and sensing system by using an intrinsic knowledge base. The method proposed in this paper uses measurement data from different types of sensors with different resolutions and fuses it together based on the confidence in them derived from information not typically used in traditional data fusion methods. Examples of such information are …
Optimum Grid By Direct Optimization Methods, Ajay Mahajan, Richard Hindman
Optimum Grid By Direct Optimization Methods, Ajay Mahajan, Richard Hindman
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
A solution-adaptive grid procedure based on optimization is developed and applied to the Linearized Viscous Burger's governing equation. The scheme redistributes the grid points as the solution adapts through each successive iteration step to minimize the truncation error terms in the modified equation and satisfy the governing equation. Fist order Roe scheme is used to discretize the governing equation. If the truncation error terms become negligible and the governing equation is satisfied by the scheme then the numerical solution approaches the exact solution.
Intelligent System Identification Using Neural Networks And Genetic Algorithms Of An Ultrasonic Positioning System, Nishant Unnikrishnan, Ajay Mahajan
Intelligent System Identification Using Neural Networks And Genetic Algorithms Of An Ultrasonic Positioning System, Nishant Unnikrishnan, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper presents an intelligent system identification methodology for the identification of a realistic model of an ultrasonic position estimation system that uses the difference in the time of arrivals of waves from a transmitter to various receivers. Even though a linearized formulation for the 3D system exists and is currently being used to estimate the position of the transmitter, its accuracy can still be improved further. A neural network approach is developed to train the system based on training sets obtained from the actual system, and it is proposed to use the final trained system to estimate the 3D …
Euler Analysis Of A Two Dimensional Scramjet Inlet, Ajay Mahajan
Euler Analysis Of A Two Dimensional Scramjet Inlet, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
There are several advantages in using a zonal method. First, and most important, it allows the generation of structured grids around two or three dimensional complex geometries. Second, zonal methods allow different types of grid topologies to be used in order to improve mesh efficiency. A structured mesh is used in all the zones with matching dimensions on the interface boundaries. The Runge-Kutta Explicit scheme is used to march in time from the 1st zone to the last zone sequentially. The zones are fully coupled, whereby information is allowed to propagate between the zones. Far field boundary conditions are applied …
Workforce Training Through Industry-University Partnerships For Improved Technology Management, David Mcdonald, Ajay Mahajan
Workforce Training Through Industry-University Partnerships For Improved Technology Management, David Mcdonald, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
No abstract provided.
Engineering Analysis With Maple/Matematica. Al Beltzer, Mohamad Qatu, Ajay Mahajan
Engineering Analysis With Maple/Matematica. Al Beltzer, Mohamad Qatu, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
No abstract provided.
Application Of Wavelet Transforms In The Analysis Of High-Frequency Squeal In A Disc Brake System, Manish Paliwal, Ajay Mahajan, Jarlen Don, Peter Filip
Application Of Wavelet Transforms In The Analysis Of High-Frequency Squeal In A Disc Brake System, Manish Paliwal, Ajay Mahajan, Jarlen Don, Peter Filip
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper presents the application of wavelet transforms in the analysis of high frequency squeal in an automotive disc brake system. It is shown that valuable information can be obtained from a wavelet analysis over and above that obtained from traditional Fourier Transform approaches. The primary reason for this is that the squeal in brakes is a time varying phenomenon that may have sharp transitions in time. This paper also attempts to correlate field data analysis with the results from an analytical model that has been developed to investigate the role of the friction layer in the generation of squeal.
An Intelligent Systems Approach For An Ultrasonic Based Neuro-Navigation System, Jennifer Akers, Sanjeevi Chitikeshi, Ajay Mahajan, Tsuchin Chu, Etienne Witte, Sumeer Lal
An Intelligent Systems Approach For An Ultrasonic Based Neuro-Navigation System, Jennifer Akers, Sanjeevi Chitikeshi, Ajay Mahajan, Tsuchin Chu, Etienne Witte, Sumeer Lal
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper shows the feasibility of using an intelligent systems approach to increase the accuracy of a 3D ultrasonic position estimation system for real-time image guided neurosurgery. Current image guided systems use camera based technology that is space-intensive, have an accuracy of about 1.0–2.0 mm, and are prone to occasional failures. The 3D system presented in this paper eliminates the space intensive camera, has an accuracy of around 1.0 mm in the operating range of about 200–400 mm, makes the system independent of line-of-sight occlusion problems, and is expected to pave the way for accurate fusion models of MRI and …
Short Crack Growth Model In A Particulate Composite Using Nonlinear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, Ying Zhang, Tsuchin Chu, Ajay Mahajan
Short Crack Growth Model In A Particulate Composite Using Nonlinear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, Ying Zhang, Tsuchin Chu, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
The fracture mechanics model for a long crack does not work very well with short-crack propagation when the initial crack length is less than 5.1 mm (0.2 inch). In order to investigate the short crack effect, a series of tests of particulate composite specimens with long and short cracks were performed and the results recorded on a video tape. This test data was analyzed to determine the fracture parameters. Two initial crack lengths, 2.5 mm (0.1 inches) and 7.6 mm (0.3 inches) were used in the crack propagation tests. Based on the principle of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), the …
An Intelligent Foot Monitoring System For Diabetic Patients To Prevent Foot Ulcerations, Vyshali Chitikeshi, Ajay Mahajan, Sanjeevi Chitikeshi, Ravinder Gupta, Marco Schoen
An Intelligent Foot Monitoring System For Diabetic Patients To Prevent Foot Ulcerations, Vyshali Chitikeshi, Ajay Mahajan, Sanjeevi Chitikeshi, Ravinder Gupta, Marco Schoen
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
Elevated plantar pressure plays a major role in foot problems in diabetic patients. High pressures interrupt arterial blood flow, which is further compounded by the fact that diabetic patients lose sensory feedback from their feet, hence are not able to change their stance leading to unnatural pressure points. This can lead to dermal ulcerations, necrosis, and ultimately to partial or total amputation of the foot. This paper presents a preliminary design of an intelligent shoe-insert that automatically monitors critical foot parameters in diabetic patients. The objective is to collect information on plantar pressure, temperature and moisture and come up with …
Real-Time Measurement Of Surface Deformation Of Rotating Blades, Jay Maudlin, Ajay Mohan Mahajan, Tsuchin P. Chu
Real-Time Measurement Of Surface Deformation Of Rotating Blades, Jay Maudlin, Ajay Mohan Mahajan, Tsuchin P. Chu
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper presents the results for the real-time measurement of surface deformation of rotating elements. A digital image correlation technique is used to estimate the surface displacements and strains. Speckle patterns are spray painted on the surface of interest and digital images taken before and during deformation caused by rotary motion. The digital image of the deformed blade is taken by freezing the speckled pattern with the help of a stroboscope. The technique provides several advantages over traditional methods in terms of obtaining whole-field deformation profiles, a non-invasive measurement scheme, and a simple and economical set-up. Results are presented for …
Active Foot Pressure Control For Diabetic Neuropathy During Walking, Vidya Nandikolla, Marco Schoen, Ajay Mahajan
Active Foot Pressure Control For Diabetic Neuropathy During Walking, Vidya Nandikolla, Marco Schoen, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
Diabetic Mellitus is a disease caused either due to insufficient insulin produced by the pancreas or the body cells are unable to use the existing insulin. One of the main complications associated with diabetics is neuropathy, which is caused due to complete or partial loss of sensation in the feet and legs that lead to problems like inadequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the foot, which will cause healing impairment. In diabetic neuropathic subject, the hardness of foot sole soft tissue gives rise to plantar ulcer development. In this work, a biomechanical model is used to study the plantar …
Active Foot Pressure Control For Diabetic Patients, Vidya Nandikolla, Marco Schoen, Ajay Mahajan
Active Foot Pressure Control For Diabetic Patients, Vidya Nandikolla, Marco Schoen, Ajay Mahajan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
Foot Ulcer in diabetic patients is a serious medical problem. A major contributor for the development of diabetic foot ulcers is a high, localized plantar foot pressure. It is believed that in diabetes the nerves in the extreme parts of the human body are damaged and cause deregulated blood flow, which may cause an insufficient blood supply. This can lead to a loss of feeling, change in shape of the feet, necrosis and ulcerations, and ultimately to partial or total amputation of the body part. The loss of feeling in the feet results in a loss of feedback to control …
Pso: A Novel Technique To Optimize A Coal Preparation Plant, Vishal Gupta, Hussain Unjawala, Ajay Mahajan, Manoj Mohanty
Pso: A Novel Technique To Optimize A Coal Preparation Plant, Vishal Gupta, Hussain Unjawala, Ajay Mahajan, Manoj Mohanty
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
A coal preparation plant typically has multiple cleaning circuits based on size of coal particles. Each circuit is operated to produce the same product quality so that the blend of clean coal meets the targeted product quality constraints. Though, this approach of producing the clean coal satisfies the product quality constraints as given by the customer, it may suffer from the loss of overall clean coal yield by 1–2%. Numerous studies conducted in the past illustrate that the optimal yield can be obtained by operating each circuit to produce the same incremental product quality. However, this approach is good enough …
Optimization Of Threshold Values For Estimators Based On Single-Bit Quantized Sensors Using Genetic Algorithms, Nishant Unnikrishnan, Ajay Mahajan, Antonios Mengoulis, R. Viswanathan
Optimization Of Threshold Values For Estimators Based On Single-Bit Quantized Sensors Using Genetic Algorithms, Nishant Unnikrishnan, Ajay Mahajan, Antonios Mengoulis, R. Viswanathan
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
The paper considers the problem of signal parameter estimation using a collection of distributed sensors called a sensor pack. Each sensor quantizes its data to one-bit information and sends it to a fusion processor for the estimation of the parameter. Estimation of a constant signal in additive noise is considered. Estimators are formulated based on one-bit sensor data and their mean squared error (MSE) performances are evaluated through simulation studies. It is shown that selecting certain threshold values for quantizing the sensor outputs can lower the MSE. Genetic algorithms are used to find the optimal threshold values for the sensors. …
Improved Accuracy Of An Ultrasonic Based Neuro-Navigation System Using Neural Networks, Jennifer Akers, Sanjeevi Chitikeshi, Ajay Mahajan, Sumeer Lal
Improved Accuracy Of An Ultrasonic Based Neuro-Navigation System Using Neural Networks, Jennifer Akers, Sanjeevi Chitikeshi, Ajay Mahajan, Sumeer Lal
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper presents the design and development of an ultrasonic based neuronavigation system to be used for real time surgery. The system formulation, hardware and a neural network model is presented that improves the accuracy of the system considerably. 1D, 2D and 3D results from the neural network model are presented along with designs for the physical and electronic hardware. The 3D system presented in this paper eliminates the space intensive camera, has an accuracy better than 1.0 mm in the operating range of about 20–40 cm, makes the system independent of line-of-sight occlusion problems, and is expected to pave …
Particle Swarm Optimization Approach For Maximizing The Yield Of A Coal Preparation Plant, Vishal Gupta, Hussain Unjawala, Ajay Mohan Mahajan, Manoj Mohanty
Particle Swarm Optimization Approach For Maximizing The Yield Of A Coal Preparation Plant, Vishal Gupta, Hussain Unjawala, Ajay Mohan Mahajan, Manoj Mohanty
Dr. Ajay Mahajan
This paper presents the use of particle swarm optimization to maximize the clean coal yield of a coal preparation plant that typically has multiple cleaning circuits that produce the same product quality so that the blend of clean coal meets the targeted product quality contraints. Particle swarm is used for the yield optimization while satisfying multiple product quality restraints. The results show a 2.73% increase in the yield can be achieved leading to additional revenue of $5,460,000 per annum for a plant producing 10 million tons of clean coal per year without significantly adding to the implementation/operation cost.
Design, Fabrication, And Properties Of 2-2 Connectivity Cement/Polymer Based Piezoelectric Composites With Varied Piezoelectric Phase Distribution, Xu Dongyu, Cheng Xin, Sourav Banerjee, Huang Shifeng
Design, Fabrication, And Properties Of 2-2 Connectivity Cement/Polymer Based Piezoelectric Composites With Varied Piezoelectric Phase Distribution, Xu Dongyu, Cheng Xin, Sourav Banerjee, Huang Shifeng
Sourav Banerjee
The laminated 2-2 connectivity cement/polymer based piezoelectric composites with variedpiezoelectric phase distribution were fabricated by employing Lead Zirconium Titanate ceramicas active phase, and mixture of cement powder, epoxy resin, and hardener as matrix phase with a mass proportion of 4:4:1. The dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical coupling properties of the composites were studied. The composites with large total volume fraction ofpiezoelectric phase have large piezoelectric strain constant and relative permittivity, and thepiezoelectric and dielectric properties of the composites are independent of the dimensional variations of the piezoelectric ceramic layer. The composites with small total volume fraction of piezoelectric phase have large …
Elastic Wave Field Computation In Multilayered Nonplanar Solid Structures: A Mesh-Free Semianalytical Approach, Sourav Banerjee, Tribikram Kundu
Elastic Wave Field Computation In Multilayered Nonplanar Solid Structures: A Mesh-Free Semianalytical Approach, Sourav Banerjee, Tribikram Kundu
Sourav Banerjee
Multilayered solid structures made of isotropic, transversely isotropic, or general anisotropic materials are frequently used in aerospace, mechanical, and civil structures. Ultrasonic fields developed in such structures by finite size transducers simulating actual experiments in laboratories or in the field have not been rigorously studied. Several attempts to compute the ultrasonic field inside solid media have been made based on approximate paraxial methods like the classical ray tracing and multi-Gaussian beam models. These approximate methods have several limitations. A new semianalytical method is adopted in this article to model elastic wave field in multilayered solid structures with planar or nonplanar …
Phonon Confinement Using Spirally Designed Elastic Resonators In Discrete Continuum, Sourav Banerjee, Raiz U. Ahmed
Phonon Confinement Using Spirally Designed Elastic Resonators In Discrete Continuum, Sourav Banerjee, Raiz U. Ahmed
Sourav Banerjee
Periodic and chiral orientation of microstructures, here we call phononic crystals, have extraordinary capabilities to facilitate the innovative design of new generation metamaterials. Periodic arrangements of phononic crystals are capable of opening portals of non-passing, non-dispersive mechanical waves. Defying conventional design of regular periodicity, in this paper spirally periodic but chiral orientation of resonators are envisioned. Dynamics of the spirally connected resonators and the acoustic wave propagation through the spirally connected multiple local resonators are studied using fundamental physics. In present study the spiral systems with local resonators are assumed to be discrete media immersed in fluid. In this paper …