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2019

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Articles 271 - 300 of 2185

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Study On Model And Accumulation Rule For Departure Check-In Queues, Zhiwei Xing, Junxian Jiang, Luo Xiao, Luo Qian, Yang Yang Dec 2019

Study On Model And Accumulation Rule For Departure Check-In Queues, Zhiwei Xing, Junxian Jiang, Luo Xiao, Luo Qian, Yang Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The aggregation rule of departure passengers in the terminal building is studied in combination with human behavior dynamics. Based on this, the change rule of queuing length of departing passengers on non-full-open check-in island is studied. The queuing process is discretized by introducing the concept of time series, and the queue length Markov Chain is obtained in the serpentine queuing form. Then, the aggregation rate of each time series is predicted by the single-flight departure passenger aggregation model. By selecting the appropriate value of the check-in counter service rate, the check-in queuing length model of multiple adjacent flights is …

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Flow Stability Of Hunt Flow Under Low-Intensity Magnetic Field, Dong Shuai, Li Shuang, Xuemin Ye Dec 2019

Flow Stability Of Hunt Flow Under Low-Intensity Magnetic Field, Dong Shuai, Li Shuang, Xuemin Ye

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The stability of conducting fluid flow in ducts under magnetic field is vital to materials preparation and the design and operation of thermonuclear fusion cooling system. A model of MHD duct flow which is known as Hunt’s flow is simulated by non-normal mode stability analysis in this study.. The amplification and distribution of optimal primary perturbations are obtained by solving iteratively the direct and adjoint governing equations with respect of the perturbation variables. Four modes of perturbations with different symmetries in the space are considered, and the effect of the low-intensity magnetic field is also taken into …

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Gi-Map Tree: Global Illumination Collaborative Real-Time Rendering In Web3d Dynamic Scene, Liu Chang, Jinyuan Jia, Yifan Lu, Zhang Qian, Zhao Lei Dec 2019

Gi-Map Tree: Global Illumination Collaborative Real-Time Rendering In Web3d Dynamic Scene, Liu Chang, Jinyuan Jia, Yifan Lu, Zhang Qian, Zhao Lei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the dynamic illumination in web-based virtual reality environment, an interactive real-time rendering mechanism that integrates pre-storage, scheduling and optimization based on a collaborative real-time rendering system. The mechanism helps the rendering system to construct a viewpoint-based pre-storage structure, “GI map tree”, to save and organize illumination rendering information on cloud server. With the assist of “GI map tree” and the user's input behavior, a “heat”-based GI map group scheduling algorithm is proposed to improve the transmission efficiency of the rendering system in this mechanism. The experiment results of Web3D application in the Web environment show that the …

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Research On Internal Resistance Monitor System Of Vehicle Fuel Cell Integrated With Dc/Ac/Dc, Deng Jian, Haiquan Lü, Liyan Zhang, Shuhai Quan Dec 2019

Research On Internal Resistance Monitor System Of Vehicle Fuel Cell Integrated With Dc/Ac/Dc, Deng Jian, Haiquan Lü, Liyan Zhang, Shuhai Quan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of complicated and costly on-line impedance monitoring operation of vehicle fuel cells, a test method that can obtain the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of fuel cell by Fourier transformation against output voltage and output current of fuel cell through DC/DC generation of micro-current signal is proposed. This method is integrated in a cascaded system of parallel Boost and DC/AC/DC. The parallel Boost can realize the decoupling of power transmission and disturbance signal, the DC/AC/DC converters can achieve higher boost ratios, which makes the test system more suitable for higher voltage levels such as …

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Research On Gear Transmission Error Based On Chaotic Ant Swarm Optimization, Xinrong Liu, Zhonghou Wang, Kubo Aizoh Dec 2019

Research On Gear Transmission Error Based On Chaotic Ant Swarm Optimization, Xinrong Liu, Zhonghou Wang, Kubo Aizoh

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In this paper, the dynamic model of bending- torsion -axis- heat of cylindrical helical gear system is established by considering the time-varying meshing stiffness and meshing impulse excitation. The NURBS method is used to reconstruct the trimming surface through superimposing the theoretical tooth surface and trimming tooth surface, then the influence of different trimming on the gear transmission error is analyzed. The optimal trimming surface is obtained by Chaos Ant Colony Algorithm. The finite element method is used to analyze the transmission error of the modified gear and the unshaped gear. The numerical simulation analysis shows that the amplitude …

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The Method Summary Of Generating Large-Scale Artificial Population In An Artificial Society, Yuanzheng Ge, Zhichao Song, Rongqing Meng Dec 2019

The Method Summary Of Generating Large-Scale Artificial Population In An Artificial Society, Yuanzheng Ge, Zhichao Song, Rongqing Meng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The generation of large-scale artificial population is the fundamental data of high-resolution agent-based artificial society. By the comparison of typical artificial population models, the basic elements, generating methods, and evolving rules, the development of artificial society, generation of population database, the establishment of spatial-temporal relationship, evolving rules of behavior, and reconstruction of social relationship are analyzed. Furthermore, data-driven method and open interface framework of artificial population are discussed, and the future direction and development are listed.

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Two Complementary Methods For Studying Complex Social Systems: Simulation And Game Theory, Laobing Zhang, Qiming Ruan, Xiaogang Qiu Dec 2019

Two Complementary Methods For Studying Complex Social Systems: Simulation And Game Theory, Laobing Zhang, Qiming Ruan, Xiaogang Qiu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Alongside with scientific experiments and theoretic research, scientific computation is the third paradigm for studying our world. Modelling and simulation method is a main technique of scientific computation, focusing on resulting in a suitable model for the research subject. Game theory is a natural choice for modelling intelligent interactions among multiple decision makers, which can provide accurate interaction model for the simulation of complex systems. This paper investigates the application of game theory in military operation simulation and social system simulation. Bottlenecks of the use of game theory in these simulations are pointed out and some future research directions …

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Survey On Modeling And Simulation Of Internet Public Opinion In China, Mingxin Zhang Dec 2019

Survey On Modeling And Simulation Of Internet Public Opinion In China, Mingxin Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Modeling and Simulation of Internet public opinion can analyze the causes of public opinion and its transmission path, track and predict the trend of public opinion, so as to improve the ability of public opinion guidance for its control departments. This paper reviews and analyses the existing research on Modeling and simulation of Internet public opinion. From the point of view of research directions, the current research covers many directions, mainly including the evolution mechanism of Internet public opinion and the effectiveness of guidance mechanism. From the point of view of research methods, domestic research on Internet public opinion …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Coordination Relationship Between Rail And Bus Lines, Wang Jian, Danqing Shen, Ziyang Wang Dec 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Coordination Relationship Between Rail And Bus Lines, Wang Jian, Danqing Shen, Ziyang Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: By analyzing the coordination relationship of the collinear edges between the rail lines and the bus lines, the coordination relationship considering the complementation and the competition is defined as the goal of maximizing the utilization rate of resources and capacity matching. After the analysis of the coordination and the competition, the calculation of the coordinated coefficient are presented. Considering the influence of the disruptions on the coordination, an adjustment method of the bus lines is proposed. Taking part of Wuhan City transit network as an example, the results show that the adjusted transit system has a higher degree of …

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A Hierarchical Integrated Soft Sensing Modeling Method For Gauss Process Regression, Zhao Shuai, Xudong Shi, Weili Xiong Dec 2019

A Hierarchical Integrated Soft Sensing Modeling Method For Gauss Process Regression, Zhao Shuai, Xudong Shi, Weili Xiong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Chemical processes are often characterized by nonlinearity and multi-phase, a soft sensor model based on the hierarchical ensemble of Gaussian process regression is proposed. First, the Gaussian mixture model is used to divide the process data into different operation phases. Then, the principal component analysis of each stage is carried out, and the model data are divided into several subspaces, according to the contribution of each auxiliary variable in the principal component space, and the corresponding Gaussian process regression model is built. The subspace model output is fused by means to obtain the first level ensemble output. Finally, the …

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Study On Ecological Compensation Of Three Gorges Basin Based On Evolutionary Game Theory, Guangming Yang, Yanjun Shi Dec 2019

Study On Ecological Compensation Of Three Gorges Basin Based On Evolutionary Game Theory, Guangming Yang, Yanjun Shi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Under the background of the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, based on the evolutionary game theory, the game model of the upstream and downstream governments of the Three Gorges Basin and the central ecological compensation behavior are constructed to analyze the interests appeal and compensation behaviors among the three parties, so as to have a complex interest game relationship in the Yangtze River and analyze the cases of ecological compensation in the Three Gorges Basin. The research shows that without the restriction of central government, it is difficult for the upstream and downstream governments in the …

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Gcps Adaptive Scheduling Model Based On Cooperative Executor, Zhang Jing, Chen Yao, Sun Jun, Hongbo Fan Dec 2019

Gcps Adaptive Scheduling Model Based On Cooperative Executor, Zhang Jing, Chen Yao, Sun Jun, Hongbo Fan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the uncertainty of grid cyber physical systems leads to chain failure, an adaptive GCPS dispatching model based on co-actuator is established. First, the constraint conditions of the system are analyzed. A model constraints of GCPS system is presented to describe the constraint conditions of the power system, and it is proved that it meets the consistency of the measure and representing methods. Second, the optimal value of approximation error is solved by PILOT, and the framework of CA-SADM is described. Finally, the performance index, output power accuracy and the influence of fault on the …

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Simulation Of Axial Vibration Characteristics Of Marine Riser Under Suspension Mode, Chuan Wang, Li Jun, Zhenqiang Xie, Guorong Wang Dec 2019

Simulation Of Axial Vibration Characteristics Of Marine Riser Under Suspension Mode, Chuan Wang, Li Jun, Zhenqiang Xie, Guorong Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The mechanical simulation model of vertical vibration of Marine riser under suspension mode has been established based on the basic principle of dynamics theory. In the model, the influence of heave movement and top tensioner is considered. The vibration equation is solved by the finite difference method to obtain the distribution of axial stress and displacement. Besides, the effects of suspension mode, buoyancy block,water depth, wall thickness and LMRP on the vertical vibration of riser are discussed. According to the results, the soft suspension mode is superior to the hard suspension mode. The buoyancy blocks will increase the …

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Analysis On The Mission Reliability For Auv Based On Monte Carlo Method, Li Juan, Kunyu Zhang, Haibo Li, Lijuan Yang, Mengdi Wang Dec 2019

Analysis On The Mission Reliability For Auv Based On Monte Carlo Method, Li Juan, Kunyu Zhang, Haibo Li, Lijuan Yang, Mengdi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The high reliability of AUV is the necessary condition for it to complete the task satisfactorily and efficiently within the specified time. Traditional fault tree is very convenient for describing the reliability model of the system, but for large and complex system, this will significantly increase the computation of reliability parameters, thus the calculation is difficult. Because it to calculate the reliability parameters of complex systems by the traditional fault tree, this paper adopts the method of combining the minimum cut set of fault tree and Monte Carlo method to establish the reliability model for Underwater Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle …

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Dynamic Inventory Routing Optimization Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Jianpin Zhou, Shuliu Zhang Dec 2019

Dynamic Inventory Routing Optimization Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Jianpin Zhou, Shuliu Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the dynamic stochastic inventory routing problem with periodic fluctuation of demand, a novel simulation optimization approach based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed to achieving periodic steady strategy. Firstly a dynamic combinatorial optimization model is constructed. Then, by deep reinforcement learning and setting heuristic rules, the replenishment nodes set selection and the replenishment batch allocation weights in each period are determined. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the average profit of a cycle by about 2.7% and 3.9% in low fluctuating demand case and by about 8.2% and 7.1% in high fluctuating …

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Corner Localization In Digital Images Based On Radon Transform, Xuguang Wang, Zhang Qin, Su Jie Dec 2019

Corner Localization In Digital Images Based On Radon Transform, Xuguang Wang, Zhang Qin, Su Jie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Location accuracy is one of the key indexes of measuring the performance of feature point.. High location accuracy feature point detection has important implications for the applications such as 3D reconstruction, motion estimation, target tracking and recognition, image registration, etc. A corner location algorithm based on Radon transform is proposed.Edge binary images are obtained with traditional method first, ideal straight lines and curves are extracted then, potential corner locations are calculated next, fake corners are rejected finally. Experimental results on both simulation and real images show that, this method performs better than the existing methods on interest point localization …

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Ads-B In Based Conflict Prediction And Conflict-Free Trajectory Planning For Multi-Aircraft, Siyuan Zhang, Xianying Li, Xiaoyun Shen Dec 2019

Ads-B In Based Conflict Prediction And Conflict-Free Trajectory Planning For Multi-Aircraft, Siyuan Zhang, Xianying Li, Xiaoyun Shen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For free flight of future, it is necessary to continuously detect conflicts and plan safe flight paths. Through in-depth analysis of detection principle of TCAS, combined with the characteristics of ADS-B data, the target within the scope of ADS-B IN surveillance is classified and given a risk factor, and the TCAS function is implemented in the ADS-B IN simulation software. For complex conflict scenarios with multi-aircraft, by meshing the conflict region and discretizing the flight procedure, the genetic algorithm is then used to calculate the optimal conflict-free trajectory based on risk factors. Two common multi-aircraft conflict scenarios are …

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Wood Surface Defect Detection Based On Adaboost And Cnn, Hongjun Wang, Zouzou Li, Xiangjun Zou Dec 2019

Wood Surface Defect Detection Based On Adaboost And Cnn, Hongjun Wang, Zouzou Li, Xiangjun Zou

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to obtain the location information and category information of wood surface defects in the early stage of intelligent wood cutting, a combined algorithm for fast identification and location of wood surface defects is proposed based on digital image processing technology for fast recognition and location of wood surface defects. The Adaboost cascade classifier algorithm is used to extract the candidate frames of the wood surface defect region in the image in order to solve the problem that the traditional segmentation method is not effective for multi objects processing. A CNN model with self-learning ability is used to …

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Differential Evolution Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization For Parameter Estimation Of Fractional-Order Chaotic System, Dong Ze, Ma Ning Dec 2019

Differential Evolution Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization For Parameter Estimation Of Fractional-Order Chaotic System, Dong Ze, Ma Ning

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to accurately estimate the unknown parameters for fractional order chaotic systems, a quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm based on differential quantum properties is proposed. On the basis of quantum behaved particle swarm optimization, variation, crossover and selection operation are utilized by particles, which can better keep the diversity of the particles in the population, avoiding the local optimum in the later phase of the iteration. The multi-neighborhood local search strategy is used for particles’ local search to improve search precision. Standard test functions are used to test the algorithm, and the test results show that the …

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Research On Urban Rail Transit Route Choice Decision Based On The Improved Imperialist Competition Algorithm, Xiaofeng Lian, Ye Lu, Wang Yan, Limin Jia, Huiru Ma Dec 2019

Research On Urban Rail Transit Route Choice Decision Based On The Improved Imperialist Competition Algorithm, Xiaofeng Lian, Ye Lu, Wang Yan, Limin Jia, Huiru Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: This paper proposes a method of passenger route selection based on the imperialist competition improvement algorithm (FAST-ICA) to improve the efficiency of passenger route selection. Six key factors influencing the choice of passenger route are selected. On this basis, the generalized travel cost function is constructed and the passenger route selection model is established. By improving the imperial competition way in the imperialist competition algorithm (ICA), the weakest imperial groups are quickly divided up in each iteration of ICA algorithm to accelerate the convergence rate. Based on the proposed FAST-ICA algorithm, the problem of passenger choice in different environments …

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Research On Fluid Dynamics Simulation Of Welding Pool Based On Sph Method, Benkai Xie, Zhou Qiang, Li Qin, Ruijun Lin Dec 2019

Research On Fluid Dynamics Simulation Of Welding Pool Based On Sph Method, Benkai Xie, Zhou Qiang, Li Qin, Ruijun Lin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the development of virtual welding training equipment, real-time interactive simulation of weld forming is the key technology. The current simulation method of weld formation is studied in this pape..For the problem of long time computation and no sense of fluid motion in weld simulation process, a simulation method of weld forming simulation based on smooth particle hydrodynamics is proposed. This method includes the calculation of temperature field which can calculate the fluid particle temperature and modify the updating step of fluid particles according to the temperature of fluid particles. This can realize the transformation of fluid particles from …

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Multi-Channel Transmission Optimization Of Campus Internet Of Things Based On Pheromone Genetic Algorithm, Zhiyong Chen, Liu Hao Dec 2019

Multi-Channel Transmission Optimization Of Campus Internet Of Things Based On Pheromone Genetic Algorithm, Zhiyong Chen, Liu Hao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the difficulty in selecting and optimizing the multi-path transmission of campus Internet of Things information, an optimization algorithm of network multi-path transmission based on intelligent optimization algorithm is proposed. Based on the standard genetic algorithm and the concept of pheromone concentration in ant colony algorithm, this algorithm improves the global optimization ability and convergence efficiency by controlling the evolution direction of individuals, and designs and constructs an evaluation index mathematical model which conforms to the characteristics of multi-channel information transmission optimization in the Internet of Things. The mathematical model of the evaluation index realizes the multi-channel comprehensive …

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Review Of The Weapon System Simulation Technology, Yan Jie, Wenxing Fu, Zhang Kai, Chen Kang, Xiaofei Chang, Zhang Tong, Bin Fu, Sijie Wu Dec 2019

Review Of The Weapon System Simulation Technology, Yan Jie, Wenxing Fu, Zhang Kai, Chen Kang, Xiaofei Chang, Zhang Tong, Bin Fu, Sijie Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Nowadays, the simulation technology are playing a more and more important role in the whole life cycle of weapon system design and application. In this paper, the state of the simulation technology in weapon system design and application is reviewed. And then, to meet the requirement of some brand new warfare styles like combat in complex environment, man-machine cooperation, cyberspace operation, intelligent system operation, combat training, new concepts of weapon simulation are developed, new demand of weapon simulation is introduced and new problems that must be solved are discussed. At last, the necessity and development trend of the …

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Simulation Analysis Of Viral-Style Information Diffusion In Small World Networks, Li Feng, Wei Ying Dec 2019

Simulation Analysis Of Viral-Style Information Diffusion In Small World Networks, Li Feng, Wei Ying

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Since the small world network is one of the most common complex networks in the real world, this paper focuses on information diffusion on the small world network platform. In order to explore the relationship between structural features of the small world network with a well-accepted feature for information diffusion, network coverage ratio named, the methodology of multi-agent based modeling and simulation is introduced, instead of mathematical modeling. Through simulation, the impact of only two parameters in the small world network generation algorithm, that is Watts-Strogatz algorithm, is analyzed, where the process of information diffusion acts as the …

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Simulation Research On Pedestrian Evacuation Path Selection In The Metro Station, Sun Di, Zhou Jin, Xueying Gao, Ting Jiao, Lixian Zhao Dec 2019

Simulation Research On Pedestrian Evacuation Path Selection In The Metro Station, Sun Di, Zhou Jin, Xueying Gao, Ting Jiao, Lixian Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: As the underground environment is multilayered, more confined space underground, there are many services and facilities, so that when people evacuate the subway, they will have a variety of features and choices. Path probability selection of underground pedestrian evacuation is discussed. In the first stage, models are used to plan several routes. In the second stage, according to the data of real time passenger flow of the railway station, the density of passenger flow is taken as a variable to obtain the time of pedestrian evacuation through different facilities. The traffic capacity of every passage and facility …

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Simulation Study On Aerodynamic Characteristics Of Flapping-Wing Aircraft With Multi-Stage Wing And Multiple Degree Of Freedom, Yonggang Yang, Xindong Gu Dec 2019

Simulation Study On Aerodynamic Characteristics Of Flapping-Wing Aircraft With Multi-Stage Wing And Multiple Degree Of Freedom, Yonggang Yang, Xindong Gu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the traditonal flapping-wing aircraft model, most of the wings are two-dimensional rigid wings, and the upswing and downwing processes are completely symmetrical. In order to further improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping-wing aircraft, this paper uses the idea of approximate flexibility to establish the multi-stage wing to achieve the approximate flexibility effect. At the same time, the rapid return characteristic is added to prolong the down-flapping time. And a three-dimensional model of “flutter-twist-bend folding” is proposed by adding the bending-folding motion on the basis of the original movement and twisting motion. The model is imported into Xflow …

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Design And Analysis Of Sustained-G Flight Simulator Control Algorithm, Xiaoguang Zhou, Yihong Fang, Huaiying Tian, Mingzhi Yao Dec 2019

Design And Analysis Of Sustained-G Flight Simulator Control Algorithm, Xiaoguang Zhou, Yihong Fang, Huaiying Tian, Mingzhi Yao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of mismatch exist between angular motions by Sustained-G Flight Simulator pilot through his proprioceptive receptors and visual receptors, the control algorithm of Sustained-G Flight Simulator is designed. The formulas relative to control input is derived; the mathematical model of human proprioceptive system is researched, the relationship between pilot's perceptual angular and rotating linear acceleration vectors and angular accelerations is given, based on that, the control algorithm of Sustained-G Flight Simulator is proposed, which can make a match existence between the angular motion perceived by Sustained-G Flight Simulator pilot and aircraft pilot. The simulation …

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Operation Control Method For Connected And Autonomous Vehicles At Intersection, Linguo Chai, Baigen Cai, Shangguan Wei, Wang Jian, Junjie Chen Dec 2019

Operation Control Method For Connected And Autonomous Vehicles At Intersection, Linguo Chai, Baigen Cai, Shangguan Wei, Wang Jian, Junjie Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A novel approach for coordinating connected and autonomous vehicles at intersection is proposed in this paper. The road connecting the specific intersection is divided into two areas: status calculation area and status adjustment area. When the vehicle enters the status calculation area, LOOSE algorithm which is implemented in the infrastructure would be triggered to calculate the target status of the vehicle for it to avoid collision in the intersection. The results of LOOSE would be optimized by COMPACT algorithm with the objective of minimum queue length. And then operational suggestions for the vehicle to …

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Dynamic Matching Of Power Transmission Efficiency Of Bulldozer Under Operation Condition, Shengping Fu, Shengbo Li, Luo Ning Dec 2019

Dynamic Matching Of Power Transmission Efficiency Of Bulldozer Under Operation Condition, Shengping Fu, Shengbo Li, Luo Ning

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: When a high-power bulldozer works with the heavy load for a long time, the efficiency of hydraulic mechanical transmission decreases obviously. To solve this problem, the dynamic simulation model of bulldozer power transmission is constructed based on modularization theory. And a dynamic match strategy of guaranteeing the high transmission efficiency is designed. Moreover, a load control model and a throttle opening control model are constructed. And then the optimizing design platform is established to confirm and optimize the PID parameters of load control and throttle opening control model adopting Isight and Matlab software. Eventually, hardware-in-the-loop test is designed and …

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Effect Of Incorporating Pottery And Bottom Ash As Partial Replacement Of Cement, Bassam A. Tayeh, Doha M. Alsaffar, Lawend K. Askar, Asmahan Issa Jubeh Dec 2019

Effect Of Incorporating Pottery And Bottom Ash As Partial Replacement Of Cement, Bassam A. Tayeh, Doha M. Alsaffar, Lawend K. Askar, Asmahan Issa Jubeh

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study addressed the environmental constraints in cement produc­tion. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with pottery powder (PP, produced by grinding locally available pottery) and bottom ash (BA) at 10%, 20% and 30% of cement mass. Moreover, 4% calcium chloride solution (CaCl2.2H2O) was used as mixing water. Material properties, such as standard consistency, setting time and compressive strength, were measured with different percentages of OPC replacement with PP and BA. Results indicated that the replacement with PP and BA increased the water demand to achieve the standard consistency. These results revealed that the strength evolution …

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