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2006

Selected Works

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Articles 1 - 30 of 321

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

High-Resolution, Real-Time Three-Dimensional Shape Measurement, Song Zhang, Peisen S. Huang Dec 2006

High-Resolution, Real-Time Three-Dimensional Shape Measurement, Song Zhang, Peisen S. Huang

Song Zhang

We describe a high-resolution, real-time 3-D shape measurement system based on a digital fringe projection and phase-shifting technique. It utilizes a single-chip digital light processing projector to project computer-generated fringe patterns onto the object, and a high-speed CCD camera synchronized with the projector to acquire the fringe images at a frame rate of 120frames∕s. A color CCD camera is also used to capture images for texture mapping. Based on a three-step phase-shifting technique, each frame of the 3-D shape is reconstructed using three consecutive fringe images. Therefore the 3-D data acquisition speed of the system is 40frames∕s. With this system, …

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High-Resolution Mapping In Manus Basin, C. Roman, V. Ferrini Dec 2006

High-Resolution Mapping In Manus Basin, C. Roman, V. Ferrini

Christopher N. Roman

Near-bottom seafloor mapping with precisely navigated deep submergence vehicles has become increasingly common in a range of oceanographic settings. Recent mapping efforts at deep-water hydrothermal vent sites have resulted in high-resolution (sub-meter) bathymetry datasets that can be used to identify morphological features associated with volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes. The resolution of these maps, and our ability to accurately quantify the complex morphologic details of hydrothermal structures has been limited by a number of variables including navigational accuracy, sonar settings (e.g. acoustic wavelength, sonar orientation, ping rate), survey parameters (e.g. altitude, speed), data density, and data processing techniques (e.g. gridding …

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Modeling Of The Size Effects On The Behavior Of Metals In Microscale Deformation Processes, Gap-Yong Kim, Jun Ni, Muammer Koc Dec 2006

Modeling Of The Size Effects On The Behavior Of Metals In Microscale Deformation Processes, Gap-Yong Kim, Jun Ni, Muammer Koc

Gap-Yong Kim

For the accurate analysis and design of microforming process, proper modeling of material behavior at the micro/mesoscale is necessary by considering the size effects. Two size effects are known to exist in metallic materials. One is the “grain size” effect, and the other is the “feature/specimen size” effect. This study investigated the feature/specimen size effect and introduced a scaling model which combined both feature/specimen and grain size effects. Predicted size effects were compared with three separate experiments obtained from previous research: a simple compression with a round specimen, a simple tension with a round specimen, and a simple tension in …

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Evaluating And Estimating The Effect Ofland Use Changed On Water Quality At Selorejo Reservoir, Indonesia, Mohammad Sholichin - - Dec 2006

Evaluating And Estimating The Effect Ofland Use Changed On Water Quality At Selorejo Reservoir, Indonesia, Mohammad Sholichin - -

Mohammad Sholichin - -

Nutrients are necessary for the survival of living organisms. The most important nutrient in aquatic ecosystem is typically Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P). It was considered to be an important water quality concern in Konto River Basin due to a high water pollutant indication problem of reservoir Selorejo. Nitrogen and phosphorous are the two nutrients originating from inorganic and organic fertilizer that affect the reservoir water quality due to intensive agricultural farming. Increased N and P fertilizer application on the agriculture activity has larges N and P nutrient burdens to the reservoir through runoff and leaching. The aim of this …

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Chapter 7: The Evaluation Of Ontologies, Leo Obrst, Benjamin Ashpole, Werner Ceusters, Inderjeet Mani, Steven Ray, Barry Smith Dec 2006

Chapter 7: The Evaluation Of Ontologies, Leo Obrst, Benjamin Ashpole, Werner Ceusters, Inderjeet Mani, Steven Ray, Barry Smith

Steven R Ray

Recent years have seen rapid progress in the development of ontologies as semantic models intended to capture and represent aspects of the real world. There is, however, great variation in the quality of ontologies. If ontologies are to become progressively better in the future, more rigorously developed, and more appropriately compared, then a systematic discipline of ontology evaluation must be created to ensure quality of content and methodology. Systematic methods for ontology evaluation will take into account representation of individual ontologies, performance and accuracy on tasks for which the ontology is designed and used, degree of alignment with other ontologies …

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Blind Speaker Clustering, Ananth N. Iyer, Uchechukwu O. Ofoegbu, Robert E. Yantorno, Brett Y. Smolenski Dec 2006

Blind Speaker Clustering, Ananth N. Iyer, Uchechukwu O. Ofoegbu, Robert E. Yantorno, Brett Y. Smolenski

Ananth N Iyer

A novel approach to performing speaker clustering in telephone conversations is presented in this paper. The method is based on a simple observation that the distance between populations of feature vectors extracted from different speakers is greater than a preset threshold. This observation is incorporated into the clustering problem by the formulation of a constrained optimization problem. A modified c-means algorithm is designed to solve the optimization problem. Another key aspect in speaker clustering is to determine the number of clusters, which is either assumed or expected as an input in traditional methods. The proposed method does not require such …

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Generic Modeling Applied To Speaker Count, Ananth N. Iyer, Uchechukwu O. Ofoegbu, Robert E. Yantorno, Brett Y. Smolenski Dec 2006

Generic Modeling Applied To Speaker Count, Ananth N. Iyer, Uchechukwu O. Ofoegbu, Robert E. Yantorno, Brett Y. Smolenski

Ananth N Iyer

The problem of determing the number of speakers participating in a conversation and building their models in short conversations, within an unknown group of speakers, is addressed in this paper. The lack of information about the number of speakers and the unavailability of sufficient data present a challenging task of efficiently estimating the speaker model parameters. The proposed method uses a novel generic speaker identification (GSID) system as a guide in the model building process. The GSID system is designed performing speaker identification where the speaker associated with the test data may not be enrolled. The models in the GSID …

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A New Diagnostic Method Of Faulty Transistor In A Three Phase Inverter, Boukhemis Chetate , Tarak Benslimane Dec 2006

A New Diagnostic Method Of Faulty Transistor In A Three Phase Inverter, Boukhemis Chetate , Tarak Benslimane

Boukhemis Chetate

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Chain Architecture And Surface Energies On The Ordering Behavior Of Lamellar And Cylinder Forming Block Copolymers, V. Khanna, Eric W. Cochran, A. Hexemer, G. E. Stein, G. H. Fredrickson, E. J. Kramer, X. Li, J. Wang, S. F. Hahn Dec 2006

Effect Of Chain Architecture And Surface Energies On The Ordering Behavior Of Lamellar And Cylinder Forming Block Copolymers, V. Khanna, Eric W. Cochran, A. Hexemer, G. E. Stein, G. H. Fredrickson, E. J. Kramer, X. Li, J. Wang, S. F. Hahn

Eric W. Cochran

We investigate the effect of surface energy and chain architecture on the orientation of microdomains in relatively thick films (600-800 nm) of lamellar and cylindrical block copolymers of poly(cyclohexylethylene) (C) and poly(ethylene) (E). The E block has 26 ethyl branches per 1000 backbone carbon atoms. Melt surface energies of the C and E blocks are 22.3 and 20.9 mJ/m 2, respectively. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), scanning force microscopy (SFM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that cylindrical and lamellar CEC triblock copolymers orient their microdomains normal to the surface throughout the film thickness. However, a lamellar CE diblock …

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A Framework For New Generation Transportation Simulation, Daiheng Ni Dec 2006

A Framework For New Generation Transportation Simulation, Daiheng Ni

Daiheng Ni

This paper discussed the evolution and future trend of simulation in general domain and in transportation. Some challenges facing transportation modeling and simulation were identified. As an effort to address these challenges, a framework of new generation transportation simulation was developed. The framework is envisioned to be multi- scale in resolution, parallel in execution, and driven by ob- jects. The paper further discussed strategies of transporta- tion simulation at a nanoscopic level which offers a level of modeling detail beyond the state-of-the-art.

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Safety Impacts Of “Road Diets” In Iowa, Thomas B. Stout, Michael D. Pawlovich, Reginald R. Souleyrette, Alicia Carriquiry Dec 2006

Safety Impacts Of “Road Diets” In Iowa, Thomas B. Stout, Michael D. Pawlovich, Reginald R. Souleyrette, Alicia Carriquiry

Reginald R. Souleyrette

Road diets are frequently suggested solutions to problems of left-turn related crashes. This feature analyzes the impact of the conversion of 15 sites using a Full Bayes Approach as well as a classical before-and-after study (with yoked comparison sites). The study found a reduction in the crash rate, crash density, injury crashes, the involvement rate for drivers older than 65 and left-turn related crashes.

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A Generalized Neuron Based Adaptive Power System Stabilizer For Multimachine Environment, D. K. Chaturvedi, O. P. Malik Nov 2006

A Generalized Neuron Based Adaptive Power System Stabilizer For Multimachine Environment, D. K. Chaturvedi, O. P. Malik

D. K. Chaturvedi Dr.

Artificial neural networks trained as intelligent controllers can easily accommodate the non-linearities and time dependencies of non-linear, dynamic systems. However, they require large training time and large number of neurons to deal with complex problems. Taking benefit of the characteristics of a generalized neuron (GN), that requires much smaller training data and shorter training time, a generalized neuron based adaptive power system stabilizer (GNAPSS) is proposed. It consists of a GN as an predictor, that predicts the plant dynamics, and a GN as a controller to damp low frequency oscillations. Results show that the proposed GNAPSS can provide a consistently …

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Towards A New Taxation System For Motor Vehicles, Theodoros Zachariadis Nov 2006

Towards A New Taxation System For Motor Vehicles, Theodoros Zachariadis

Theodoros Zachariadis

No abstract provided.

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Posterminaries: After Nabarro, Alexander H. King Nov 2006

Posterminaries: After Nabarro, Alexander H. King

Alexander H. King

With the passing of Frank Nabarro in July of this year, we have lost one of the founding fathers of materials science. His name appears in many of the textbooks from which we train our students today, and also on the spines of several volumes on dislocation theory, including his classic monograph on the subject. He rightly stands among the gods of our field. Ninety years old at his death, he was a sprightly dancer at the frontiers of knowledge, right up to the end.

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Santa Clara County Soft First Story Multi Unit Building Survey, Guna S. Selvaduray, S. Vukazich, J. Tran Nov 2006

Santa Clara County Soft First Story Multi Unit Building Survey, Guna S. Selvaduray, S. Vukazich, J. Tran

Guna S. Selvaduray

The objective of this survey was to provide data to emergency managers in Santa Clara County on the number of soft first-story multifamily dwellings (MFD) located in their communities using a cost-effective town-gown partnership. Target areas of cities were found by identifying areas containing residential units of two or more stories that had four or more living units. The survey found that 2,630, or 36%, of the 7,391 MFD in Santa Clara County are of the soft first-story construction type. It was found that one out of every nine apartment units in Santa Clara County is located in a soft …

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The Toxicological Impacts Of Selected Ionic Liquids On Industrial Wastewater Treatment Bacteria, Samuel Morton, M. Azimova Oct 2006

The Toxicological Impacts Of Selected Ionic Liquids On Industrial Wastewater Treatment Bacteria, Samuel Morton, M. Azimova

Samuel A Morton

No abstract provided.

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Modeling Of The Semi-Solid Material Behavior And Analysis Of Micro-/Mesoscale Feature Forming, Gap-Yong Kim, Muammer Koc, Rhet Mayor, Jun Ni Oct 2006

Modeling Of The Semi-Solid Material Behavior And Analysis Of Micro-/Mesoscale Feature Forming, Gap-Yong Kim, Muammer Koc, Rhet Mayor, Jun Ni

Gap-Yong Kim

One of the major challenges in simulation of semi-solid forming is characterizing the complex behavior of a material that consists of both solid and liquid phases. In this study, a material model for an A356 alloy in a semi-solid state has been developed for high solid fractions (>0.6) and implemented into a finite element simulation tool to investigate the micro-/mesoscale feature formation during the forming process. Compared to previous stress models, which are limited to expressing the stress dependency on only the strain rate and the temperature (or the solid fraction), the proposed stress model adds the capability of …

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The Importance Of Emerging Biobased Industries To Engineering And Technology, Kurt A. Rosentrater, R. Balamuralikrishma Oct 2006

The Importance Of Emerging Biobased Industries To Engineering And Technology, Kurt A. Rosentrater, R. Balamuralikrishma

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Our society has developed an insatiable demand for energy and material goods. Historically, these needs have been met primarily by fossil fuels and other non-renewable raw materials. As environmental concerns grow, however, renewable resources are gaining increased attention. This paper examines the emergence and importance that biobased industries are increasingly beginning to play. A biobased enterprise, similar in concept to a traditional refinery or factory, utilizes conversion technologies to produce various products. These operations are rapidly increasing both in number as well as in capacity throughout this country, and are poised to add significantly to the nation’s energy and material …

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Analytical And Experimental Studies Of Properties Of Ethanol Coproduct-Filled Plastics, Robert Tatara, Andrew Otieno, Srikrishna Suraparaju, Kurt A. Rosentrater Oct 2006

Analytical And Experimental Studies Of Properties Of Ethanol Coproduct-Filled Plastics, Robert Tatara, Andrew Otieno, Srikrishna Suraparaju, Kurt A. Rosentrater

Kurt A. Rosentrater

As the renewable fuels industry continues to grow, the quantity of resulting byproducts has expanded in tandem. Currently, these materials are primarily used for animal feed, but at some point will saturate the animal feeds market. Thus, it is necessary to investigate alternative methods and applications by which these coproducts can be utilized. One potential application for these process residues involves plastics manufacturing. Due, in part, to the increasing cost of resins and conventional fillers, alternate fillers have been increasingly sought. Many of these include biological materials such as grasses, bamboo, starch, chicken feathers, soy protein, and cellulose. Not only …

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Investigating Stiff-Knee Gait With Subject-Specific Simulations, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, M. D. Fox, S. L. Delp Oct 2006

Investigating Stiff-Knee Gait With Subject-Specific Simulations, Jeffrey A. Reinbolt, M. D. Fox, S. L. Delp

Jeffrey A. Reinbolt

No abstract provided.

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Mass Customization And Its Curricular Implications For Four-Year Degree Programs In Manufacturing Technologies, R. Balamuralikrishma, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Mark Rajai Oct 2006

Mass Customization And Its Curricular Implications For Four-Year Degree Programs In Manufacturing Technologies, R. Balamuralikrishma, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Mark Rajai

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Mass customization is fast emerging as a popular business strategy which aims to also cater to individual expressed needs of end users at prices closely comparable to mass produced items. Companies are able to switch to this mode of operation by primarily making their own operations demand-driven, flexible systems and asking their suppliers to do the same. Customers by and large are delighted to be part of this new kind of supply chain and are willing to invest time to specify what exactly they want provided businesses are willing to keep their end of the bargain in terms of high …

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An Experimental Investigation On Semi-Solid Forming Of Micro/Meso-Scale Features, Gap-Yong Kim, Jun Ni, Rhett Mayor, Heesool Kim Oct 2006

An Experimental Investigation On Semi-Solid Forming Of Micro/Meso-Scale Features, Gap-Yong Kim, Jun Ni, Rhett Mayor, Heesool Kim

Gap-Yong Kim

The potentials of semi-solid forming technology have generated much interest regarding its application in micromanufacturing. This study investigates the feasibility of using semi-solid forming technology to produce parts with micro/meso features. An experimental setup has been developed to study the effects of die/punch temperature, initial solid fraction, punch speed, and workpiece shape on the semi-solid forming process. A part has been produced for a microreactor application and has been analyzed with an optical measurement system for feature formation. The results indicated complex interaction among the process parameters and the material flow, which affected the final pin formation. The punch temperature …

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Stabilization/Solidification Of Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Cement And Rice Husk Ash, Hilmi Mahmud Oct 2006

Stabilization/Solidification Of Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Cement And Rice Husk Ash, Hilmi Mahmud

Hilmi Mahmud

This paper presents the findings of a study on solidification/stabilization (S/S) of lead-contaminated soil using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and rice husk ash (RHA). The effects of varying lead concentrations (in the form of nitrates) in soil samples on the physical properties of their stabilized forms, namely unconfined compressive strength (UCS), setting times of early mixtures and changes in crystalline phases as well as chemical properties such as leachability of lead, pH and alkalinity of leachates are studied. Results have indicated that usage of OPC with RHA as an overall binder system for S/S of lead-contaminated soils is more favorable …

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Modification Of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes By Microwave Digestion Method As Electrocatalyst Supports For Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications, Fang-Tzu Chuang Oct 2006

Modification Of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes By Microwave Digestion Method As Electrocatalyst Supports For Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications, Fang-Tzu Chuang

Fang-Tzu Chuang

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which were directly synthesized on carbon cloth were modified by a microwave digestion method in 5M HNO3 for supporting Pt nanoparticles. The characterizations of modified CNTs were carried out by TEM, XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The HRTEM image shows the caps of MWCNTs are opened after modifying by microwave digestion method. The open-end and undamaged MWCNTs can provide a larger surface area for supporting more catalysts. Furthermore, the methanol electrocatalytic oxidation of microwave digestion treated Pt/MWCNTs electrode shows higher current density than pristine and nitric acid-treated MWCNTs from cyclic voltammograms. This can be an effective …

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Analiza Możliwości Ograniczenia Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Z Instalacji Spalania Odpadów Medycznych W Tarnowie, Robert Oleniacz Oct 2006

Analiza Możliwości Ograniczenia Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Z Instalacji Spalania Odpadów Medycznych W Tarnowie, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents initial research of effects of some factors on the amount of gaseous pollutants formation during medical waste incineration in a two-stage starved air fluidised bed reactor. In the research was included the impact of such factors as oxygen contents in flue gases, frequency of waste loading, momentary mass flow of waste and temperature in the secondary combustion chambers. Measurements showed that the waste incineration in large amount periodically caused excessive emissions incomplete combustion products (CO, HC), especially during wrong operation of the combustion system. The work demonstrated that the essential importance for CO and HC formation reducing …

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Anaerobic Catalytic Oxidation Of Hydrocarbons In Moving Heat Waves. Case Simulation: Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation In A Packed Adiabatic V-Ti Oxide Catalyst Bed, Andrey N. Zagoruiko Oct 2006

Anaerobic Catalytic Oxidation Of Hydrocarbons In Moving Heat Waves. Case Simulation: Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation In A Packed Adiabatic V-Ti Oxide Catalyst Bed, Andrey N. Zagoruiko

Andrey N Zagoruiko

The model simulation study has shown that the anaerobic process of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane under periodic alteration of feeding between propane and air may be realized in adiabatic catalyst beds in stable continuous cyclic mode in two-reactor scheme. In case of appropriate choice of process parameters (cycle duration, feeding flow rates) the process appears to be autothermal, i.e. it does not require any inlet gas preheating for stable operation. Compared to similar steady-state adiabatic process, the proposed process is characterized with much lower maximum catalyst temperatures, giving the way to process pure propane without diluting it with inert gases, …

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Chalcopyrite: Bioleaching Versus Pressure Hydrometallurgy, Fathi Habashi Oct 2006

Chalcopyrite: Bioleaching Versus Pressure Hydrometallurgy, Fathi Habashi

Fathi Habashi

While bioleaching of pyrite concentrates has been successfully used in industry to liberate gold from the sulfide matrix for subsequent cyanidation, the same technology cannot be recommended for leaching chalcopyrite concentrates for copper recovery. It will be shown to be uneconomical and cannot compete with pressure leaching technology.

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Choice Of Input Data Type Of Artificial Neural Network To Detect Faults In Alternative Current Systems, Tarak Benslimane, Boukhemis Chetate Oct 2006

Choice Of Input Data Type Of Artificial Neural Network To Detect Faults In Alternative Current Systems, Tarak Benslimane, Boukhemis Chetate

Boukhemis Chetate

No abstract provided.

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Phase Field Theory Of Surface- And Size-Induced Microstructures, Valery I. Levitas, D.W. Lee, D. L. Preston Oct 2006

Phase Field Theory Of Surface- And Size-Induced Microstructures, Valery I. Levitas, D.W. Lee, D. L. Preston

Valery I. Levitas

New surface- and size-induced microstructures are found as analytic solutions to a phase field theory of first-order phase transformations. A recently developed exact stability criterion, based on most destabilizing fluctuations, is used to analyze the stability and physical interpretation of each microstructure. Conditions for barrierless surface nucleation, i.e. relationship between surface energy, driving force for the transformation and sample size, are found. If they are met, some of these microstructures are destroyed resulting in the barrierless transformation to alternative phases.

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Semicrystalline Thermoplastic Elastomeric Polyolefins: Advances Through Catalyst Development And Macromolecular Design, Atsushi Hotta, Eric W. Cochran, Janne Ruokolainen, Vikram Khann, Glenn H. Fredrickson, Edward J. Kramer, Yong-Woo Shin, Fumihiko Shimizu, Anna E. Cherian, Phillip D. Hustad, Jeffrey M. Rose, Geoffrey W. Coates Oct 2006

Semicrystalline Thermoplastic Elastomeric Polyolefins: Advances Through Catalyst Development And Macromolecular Design, Atsushi Hotta, Eric W. Cochran, Janne Ruokolainen, Vikram Khann, Glenn H. Fredrickson, Edward J. Kramer, Yong-Woo Shin, Fumihiko Shimizu, Anna E. Cherian, Phillip D. Hustad, Jeffrey M. Rose, Geoffrey W. Coates

Eric W. Cochran

We report the design, synthesis, morphology, phase behavior, and mechanical properties of semicrystalline, polyolefin-based block copolymers. By using living, stereoselective insertion polymerization catalysts, syndiotactic polypropylene-block-poly(ethylene-co-propylene)-block-syndiotactic polypropylene and isotactic poly propylene-block-regioirregular poly propylene-block- isotactic polypropylene triblock copolymers were synthesized. The volume fraction and composition of the blocks, as well as the overall size of the macromolecules, were controlled by sequential synthesis of each block of the polymers. These triblock copolymers, with semicrystalline end-blocks and mid-segments with low glass-transition temperatures, show significant potential as thermoplastic elastomers. They have low Young's moduli, large strains at break, and better than 90% elastic recovery at …

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