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Articles 31 - 60 of 142
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Evaluating The Feasibility Of Sequential Indicator Simulation In Reproducing Spatial Connectivity In A Heterogeneous Transmissivity Field, D. Duane Kenyon
Evaluating The Feasibility Of Sequential Indicator Simulation In Reproducing Spatial Connectivity In A Heterogeneous Transmissivity Field, D. Duane Kenyon
Theses and Dissertations
A Non-Parametric estimation technique was used to simulate realizations of a heterogeneous transmissivity field based upon sampled values from three different sampling scenarios. These realizations were compared to output from a parametric estimation technique with respect to truth as defined by an exhaustive data set of 6,000 transmissivity values. Estimated transmissivity fields were then used as input into a flow model from which fields of heads and specific discharges were obtained and compared. Given the financial limitations imposed upon the number and quality of samples reasonably available, Sequential Indicator Simulation, a non-parametric technique, was shown to be of considerable value …
A Comparison Of Remediation Priorities Developed By The Defense Priority Model, The Relative Risk Evaluation Method, And A Quantitative Risk Assessment Approach, David M. Hunter
Theses and Dissertations
The Superfund, established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, seriously underestimated both the number of severely contaminated sites and the associated cleanup cost. The magnitude of projected cleanup costs, coupled with shrinking federal budgets, necessitated the development and use of risk-based prioritization models among some federal agencies. Among these tools, the DOD prioritization models are meant to give priority to sites posing the greatest threat to human health. Their failure to properly rank sites could incorrectly shift the focus from those that pose substantial risk to sites of lesser risk. The DOD site ranking …
Velocity Determination For An Inverted Pseudolite Navigation Reference System, Jeffrey M. Hebert
Velocity Determination For An Inverted Pseudolite Navigation Reference System, Jeffrey M. Hebert
Theses and Dissertations
As navigation systems continue to improve in performance and features, the Air Force must develop better Navigation Reference Systems (NRS) to keep pace with technology. Specifically, with the advent of enhanced, integrated Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) navigators, emphasis is placed on the measuring performance in the presence of GPS jamming. To meet these needs, a new NRS, dubbed the Sub-Meter Accuracy Reference System (SARS), is being developed by the 746th Test Squadron, Holloman AFB, New Mexico. SARS uses a unique, inverted GPS pseudolite positioning system to determine a reference trajectory. This research investigates two post …
Wing Flexure Compensation For Aircraft Attitude And Position Determination In An Inverted Carrier-Phase Positioning System, Bradley W. Mahlum
Wing Flexure Compensation For Aircraft Attitude And Position Determination In An Inverted Carrier-Phase Positioning System, Bradley W. Mahlum
Theses and Dissertations
In response to the ever increasing accuracies in inertial navigation systems, the U. S. Air Force must develop higher accuracy reference systems. These reference systems must also be small enough to be utilized in the testing of navigation systems onboard fighter aircraft. One such proposed system utilizes carrier-phase Global Positioning System (CPGPS) transmitters mounted on MM-9 pods with receivers on the ground. This research examines one possible method of utilizing this system to determine the attitude and position of the aircraft, given position estimates for the transmitter's locations. The transmitter positioning algorithm showed that the geometry will be problematic for …
Improving The Morse Intercept Operator's Audio Display, Jesse M. Washburn
Improving The Morse Intercept Operator's Audio Display, Jesse M. Washburn
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis improves the audio display for multiple Morse communications. Factors considered to improve the audio display are frequency of source, volume level of source, and methods of unmasking. The best frequency and volume level of a Morse source is 500 Hz at 70 dB sound pressure level (spi). Two types of masking are researched: frequency masking and expectation driven masking. Experiments showed by amplifying high pitched sources the effects of frequency masking are minimized. Other methods to compensate for frequency masking are 3-D sound and the placement of a source out of phase between the ears. Morse code recognition …
Computer-Aided Diagnosis Of Mammographic Masses, William E. Polakowski
Computer-Aided Diagnosis Of Mammographic Masses, William E. Polakowski
Theses and Dissertations
A new Model-Based Vision algorithm was developed to find possibly cancerous regions of interest (ROIs) in digitized mammograms and to correctly identify the malignant masses. This work has shown a sensitivity of 92 percent for locating malignant ROIs. The database contained 272 images (12 bit, 1OO microns) with 36 malignant and 53 benign mass images. Of the 53 biopsied benign cases, 74 percent were correctly classified. The Focus of Attention (segmentation) Module algorithm used a physiologically motivated Difference of Gaussians (DoG) filter to highlight mass-like regions in the mammogram. The Index Module labeled the regions by their hypothesized class: large …
Effects Of Neutron Radiation On Resonant Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes, Daniel S. Hinkel
Effects Of Neutron Radiation On Resonant Cavity Light-Emitting Diodes, Daniel S. Hinkel
Theses and Dissertations
Resonant Cavity Light Emitting Diodes (RCLEDs) were irradiated in Ohio State University's nuclear reactor to determine the effects of Neutron displacement damage. The RCLEDs were characterized both before and after irradiation by their current versus voltage curves (I-V curves) and external light power versus current curves (L-I curves). The I-V curves showed an increase in the "knee voltage" at a neutron fluence of 1.45x1017 neutrons/cm2. Logarithmic decreases in external light power and differential quantum efficiency were observed. Significant decreases in external light power were observed at neutron fluences greater than 5.1x1013 neutrons/cm2. Equations were developed to …
A Methodology To Assess Post-Launch Efforts To Counter Mobile Tactical Ballistic Missile Launchers, Wayne H. Hayes
A Methodology To Assess Post-Launch Efforts To Counter Mobile Tactical Ballistic Missile Launchers, Wayne H. Hayes
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense has a requirement to quantify the force enhancement effects from various configurations of an envisioned multilayered Theater Missile Defense (TMD) system. TMD research accomplished to date has focused primarily on the pre-launch and in-flight tactical ballistic missile (TBM) operational phases while ignoring the post-launch phase during which mobile transporter-erector-launchers (TELs) are vulnerable to attack. No methodology currently exists to measure the effectiveness of various post-launch counter-TEL system configurations or their potential contribution to the overall TMD mission. This research uses the decision analysis technique of influence diagrams to model the post-launch counter-TEL process using notional variable …
An Experimental Investigation Of A Sting-Mounted Finite Circulation Control Wing, Lorenzo C. Bradley Iii
An Experimental Investigation Of A Sting-Mounted Finite Circulation Control Wing, Lorenzo C. Bradley Iii
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the lift, drag and pitching moment performance of a circulation control wing in the AFIT 5-ft wind tunnel. The experimental wing model was a 20 percent thick, 8.5 percent camber, partial elliptical cross-section, single blowing slot, rectangular planform wing. The aspect ratios tested were 3.99, 3.77 and 3.75. The variables in the investigation included the slot blowing rate and model configuration. The model was modified by adding a leading edge nose droop, a trailing edge splitter plate and wing tip fences to improve flow at the leading edge, reduce separation effects, and encourage attached flow on the …
Decision Support Model For Municipal Solid Waste Management At Department Of Defense Installations, John F. Muratore
Decision Support Model For Municipal Solid Waste Management At Department Of Defense Installations, John F. Muratore
Theses and Dissertations
This research focuses on the development of a decision support model to identify the preferred strategy for managing municipal solid waste using the principles of decision analysis theory. The model provides an effective decision making tool to evaluate and compare different municipal solid waste management strategies. The users of this model, the Environmental Manager or decision maker at a given installation, can enter installation-specific waste stream characteristics, treatment and disposal costs, and material buy-back prices to determine the expected value for various alternative strategies. The strategy having the greatest expected value is considered the preferred alternative. In calculating the expected …
Binary Gas Mixture Analysis With An Interdigitated Gate Electrode Field Effect Transistor (Igefet) Microsensor, John M. Wiseman
Binary Gas Mixture Analysis With An Interdigitated Gate Electrode Field Effect Transistor (Igefet) Microsensor, John M. Wiseman
Theses and Dissertations
Single component and binary gas mixtures of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) were analyzed with a microsensor composed of an array of interdigitated Gate Electrode Field Effect Transistor (IGEFET) sensor elements coated with copper-, nickel-, and cobalt-phthalocyanine thin films. Improvements in the IGEFET microsensor design and operation facilitated simultaneous measurement of ihe direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electrical response of the metal-substituted phthalocyanine (MPc) films to challenge gas exposure. A finite-difference model of the interdigitated gate electrode (IGE) structure confirmed the fundamental operation of the IGEFET microsensor. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multilinear regression were applied to …
Thermal Stresses In End-Heated Layered Media, Jerry R. Couick
Thermal Stresses In End-Heated Layered Media, Jerry R. Couick
Theses and Dissertations
Thermal stresses in semi-infinite layered beams heated on the end are calculated using an extension to simple bimetallic thermostat theory. Recently, researchers have used the concept of interfacial compliance to determine interlaminar stresses in a simple thermostat of finite length subjected to a uniform temperature increase. In the present work, the thermostat theory is extended to apply to the beams of interest. A closed-form solution to the problem is obtained. It is not applicable within about one beam thickness (St Venant boundary region) of the end. Various classes of layered materials are analyzed to determine if significant stresses exist outside …
Application Of Mixed-Norm Optimal Control To A Multi-Objective Active Suspension Problem, John B. Allison
Application Of Mixed-Norm Optimal Control To A Multi-Objective Active Suspension Problem, John B. Allison
Theses and Dissertations
Mixed norm optimal control synthesis is used to solve a multiobjective suspension problem. The objective is to develop a controller for an active suspension system onboard a tractor semitrailer vehicle. The problem is first approached by using H2 and H∞ optimization. It is shown that by combining both techniques into one mixed norm optimization method, it is possible to exploit the strengths of each norm to provide superior performance. Two H2/H∞ designs were completed. One design concentrated on optimal performance at one design condition. The second design concentrated on providing the best performance possible at a medium …
Numerical Simulation Of Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow Under The Influence Of Mild Pressure Gradients, Eric T. Fick
Numerical Simulation Of Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow Under The Influence Of Mild Pressure Gradients, Eric T. Fick
Theses and Dissertations
Mach 2.9 boundary layer flow (Re/m ≈ 1.75x107) under the influence of mild pressure gradients is studied numerically. Baldwin-Lomax and k - ω turbulence models are incorporated into a cell centered finite volume flow solver and the results are compared with hot wire anemometry and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements obtained for the same geometries in the AFIT Mach 2.9 wind tunnel. Agreement between the present simulations obtained with the k - ω turbulence model and experimental velocity profiles is excellent in all test sections. Nondimensional turbulent shear stress predictions closely match experimental data in the …
Validation Of The Articulated Total Body Model Data Set Describing The Large Advanced Dynamic Anthropomorphic Manikin, Joel J. Hagan
Validation Of The Articulated Total Body Model Data Set Describing The Large Advanced Dynamic Anthropomorphic Manikin, Joel J. Hagan
Theses and Dissertations
Recent cut-backs in Department of Defense spending have presented a need to augment full-scale ejection seat testing with computer simulation. To this end, the U.S. Air Force's Armstrong Laboratory has developed a data set describing the Advanced Dynamic Anthropomorphic Manikin (ADAM) for use in conjunction with the Articulated Total Body (ATB) model for the purpose of simulating the dynamics of the ADAM during sled track ejections. The purpose of this thesis is to validate the ADAM data set by graphically comparing ADAM joint angular displacements calculated by the ATB model with those measured during ejection seat sled track tests. The …
Mach 2.9 Investigation Into The Flow Structure In The Vicinity Of A Wrap-Around Fin, Richard E. Huffman Jr.
Mach 2.9 Investigation Into The Flow Structure In The Vicinity Of A Wrap-Around Fin, Richard E. Huffman Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
A ceiling-mounted semi-cylindrical model containing a single wrap-around fin (WAF) was tested in the AFIT Mach 2.9 test facility. Flow visualization using oil- low streaklines, schlieren images and shadowgraph photography revealed a A-shock at the fin-body juncture and the development of an asymmetric bow-shock about the fin. Quantitative measurements were taken with a 100 cone-static pressure probe, a Pitot pressure probe and two cross-wire hot-film probes (u-v and u-w components, respectively). Measurements were made at cutting-planes from the inlet of the test section to aft of the model, with emphasis placed in the vicinity of the WAF. Results include cutting-plane …
Experimental Investigation Of A Supersonic Boundary Layer Including Favorable Pressure Gradient Effects, Joel J. Luker
Experimental Investigation Of A Supersonic Boundary Layer Including Favorable Pressure Gradient Effects, Joel J. Luker
Theses and Dissertations
This study used advanced laser Doppler velocimetry techniques to measure the turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stresses in Mach 2.8 turbulent flat plate and Mach 2.9 favorable pressure gradient (FPG) boundary layers. The FPG was generated using a convex curved wall and had a strength of ß = 0.1, where ß is Clauser's equilibrium parameter. The maximum magnitude of the 'extra' strain rates normalized by the main strain rates was 0.1, which meant the FPG was considered to be a strong pressure gradient. The fiat plate results indicated that the LDV procedures used in this experiment prevented angular biasing of …
Compressible Turbulence Measurement In The Mixing Layer Of An Adiabatic Normal Slot Injection Into Supersonic Flow, Christopher D. Whitcomb
Compressible Turbulence Measurement In The Mixing Layer Of An Adiabatic Normal Slot Injection Into Supersonic Flow, Christopher D. Whitcomb
Theses and Dissertations
In this study mean flow and compressible turbulence measurements were taken at a station x = 72W downstream of the injection, where W is the injector throat width, of an adiabatic 2-D Mach 1.6 normal slot injection into a Mach 2.9 flow. Data were collected using a conventional Pitot probe, a cone-static probe, and multiple overheat cross-wire anemometry. In addition, schlieren and shadowgraph flow visualization was used to investigate the flow structure at both the injection point and at the downstream data collection point. From these measurements, mass flux component turbulence intensities of 8% to 10% were seen. The total …
Numerical Study Of A Transpiration Cooled Rocket Nozzle, Jay A. Landis
Numerical Study Of A Transpiration Cooled Rocket Nozzle, Jay A. Landis
Theses and Dissertations
This study proved that transpiration cooling provides a better cooling scheme than regenerative cooling for long operating duration, liquid-fueled rocket engine nozzles. This proof was made on the basis of maximum wall temperature. This study compared transpiration cooling to regenerative cooling in the throat region of the Space Shuttle Main Engine Main Combustion Chamber. The study also analyzed the effects of porosity, solid thermal conductivity, and porous sphere size on a porous wall made of packed spheres. The transpiration cooled nozzle operated 35% cooler than a regeneratively cooled nozzle, but the temperature gradient at the hot gas surface was 72 …
Full Lyapunov Exponent Placement In Reentry Trajectories, Michael H. Platt
Full Lyapunov Exponent Placement In Reentry Trajectories, Michael H. Platt
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the ability to control the chaotic reentry of a Delta-Clipper like vehicle by setting the values of initial arid final principal dynamical directions as well as the Lyapunov exponents. A model of the original controlled reentry vehicle was created through the use of the equations of motion in conjunction with an atmospheric model. A modified linear quadratic regulator allowed the set up of a boundary value problem which specified the Lyapunov exponents and determined the gain matrix as a function of time. The gain matrix can eventually be used in the control system of the vehicle.
Sub-Optimal Control Of Rigid Spacecraft Reorientation Using Three Momentum Wheels, Gregory W. Schultz
Sub-Optimal Control Of Rigid Spacecraft Reorientation Using Three Momentum Wheels, Gregory W. Schultz
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis addresses sub-optimal employment of 3 momentum wheels for large angle reorientation of rigid spacecraft with minimal induced spacecraft motion during maneuvers. In addition to development of general theory for 3 wheel vehicles, simulation results for a vehicle using momentum wheels for secondary attitude control (GPS Block IIR) are compared to results for a vehicle using them for primary attitude control (the Hubble Space Telescope), to demonstrate practical applications and limitations. While the control laws were developed assuming no external perturbing torques on the vehicle, reorientation scenarios were run both in a torque free environment as well as an …
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-Silicon Carbide P-N Junction Diodes, Michael E. Dunn
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-Silicon Carbide P-N Junction Diodes, Michael E. Dunn
Theses and Dissertations
The current conduction mechanisms of 4H-SiC p+n mesa diodes were studied using current-voltage-temperature (I-V-T), capacitance-voltage-temperature (C-V-T), deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), optical observations, and reverse breakdown measurements. Temperature and voltage dependencies of diffusion, recombination, and tunneling current processes are shown to be consistent with Sah-Noyce-Shockley theory. Recombination currents having an ideality factor of A=1.85-2.1 yielded an activation energy of EA=1.56 eV, whereas for ideal recombination, A=2 and EA=1.6 eV. Forward I-V curves of poor diodes dominated by tunneling and recombination processes, showing low reverse breakdown voltages of approx. 100 V, can be correlated to DLTS results …
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-And 6h-Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes, Jeffrey C. Wiemeri
Electrical Characterization Of 4h-And 6h-Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes, Jeffrey C. Wiemeri
Theses and Dissertations
The electrical properties of silicon carbide (SiC) make it an excellent candidate for use in high temperature/high power devices due to its wide bandgap, high breakdown field, high electron mobility, etc. In this work two Schottky diodes of platinum (Pt) on n-type carbon faced 4H-SiC and three Schottky diodes of nickel (Ni) on n-type silicon faced 6H-SiC were electrically characterized. The diodes exhibited good performance up to 698 K for both the forward and reverse (up to -100v) bias voltages. The barrier heights measured by I-V-T tests were found to be 0.32 and 0.61 eV for the Pt/4H-SiC samples, but …
An Architecture For Dynamic Meta-Level Process Control For Model-Based Troubleshooting, John E. Friskie
An Architecture For Dynamic Meta-Level Process Control For Model-Based Troubleshooting, John E. Friskie
Theses and Dissertations
There are numerous methods used for troubleshooting devices. Each method has certain domains, knowledge requirements, and assumptions required for it to perform well. However, oftentimes no one method by itself is sufficient to completely solve a troubleshooting problem. Therefore, an architecture is required to control the combined use of many problem solving methods. The combination of multiple problem solving methods makes the troubleshooting process more robust in terms of device domains that can be dealt with and quality of diagnoses produced. Troubleshooting has two tasks: diagnosis and problem resolution. This research provides an architecture that allows dynamic method selection during …
Design, Fabrication, Processing, And Testing Of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Chemical Sensors, Brian S. Freeman
Design, Fabrication, Processing, And Testing Of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Chemical Sensors, Brian S. Freeman
Theses and Dissertations
Chemical microsensors are a new field integrating chemical thin film technology with solid-state fabrication techniques to make devices capable of detecting chemicals in the environment. This thesis evaluated commercially available fabrication processes and numerous sensor designs for working chemical sensors. The commercial processes used were MUMPS for surface micromachined devices and MOSIS for bulk micromachined devices. Overall, eight fabrication runs and 29 different designs were made. Of these designs, two were shown to work effectively. Other designs failed due to fabrication problems and design errors that caused release problems. One design that worked was a surface micromachined chemoresistor with interdigitated …
Geostatistical Analysis Of Hydraulic Conductivity In Heterogeneous Aquifers, Craig S. Biondo
Geostatistical Analysis Of Hydraulic Conductivity In Heterogeneous Aquifers, Craig S. Biondo
Theses and Dissertations
Observations of the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity of the heterogeneous alluvial aquifer at Columbus Air Force Base in Mississippi are analyzed using parametric geostatistical approaches. Field studies have revealed that the heterogeneity of the aquifer hydraulic conductivity field controls the movement and dispersion of groundwater solutes. Therefore, a means of quantifying spatial variability is essential for the application of flow and solute transport models to practical problems. Application of these models requires a large number of hydraulic conductivity measurements. Geostatistical analysis and kriging estimation procedures assist in providing these large numbers of values when sampling designs have provided sparse …
How Location And An Action Standard On A Risk Ladder Affect Perceived Risk, Lonny P. Baker
How Location And An Action Standard On A Risk Ladder Affect Perceived Risk, Lonny P. Baker
Theses and Dissertations
Efforts to explain risk magnitudes often rely on a risk ladder in which exposure levels and associated risk estimates are arranged with low levels at the bottom of the ladder and high levels at the top. An experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that perceived threat varies with the location of a subject's assigned level on the risk ladder, and that perceived threat varies with the presence of an action standard on the risk ladder. Air Force Institute of Technology Professional Continuing Education students were asked to assume a particular level of a hypothetical hazard in their residences, to …
In Situ Warming And Soil Venting To Enhance The Biodegradation Of Jp-4 In Cold Climates: A Critical Study And Analysis, Ricky D. Cox
In Situ Warming And Soil Venting To Enhance The Biodegradation Of Jp-4 In Cold Climates: A Critical Study And Analysis, Ricky D. Cox
Theses and Dissertations
Numerous bioremediation projects have proven effective in accelerating contaminant biodegradation by injecting oxygen into the vadose zone with a technique called bioventing. In cold climates, bioremediation is limited to the summer when soil temperatures are sufficient to support microbial growth. Laboratory studies directly correlate increased biodegradation rates with temperature. By raising soil temperatures, in situ jet fuel remediation can be accelerated which was shown by a bioventing project conducted in 1991 at Eielson AFB, Alaska, where three soil warming techniques were used. Two methods actively warmed the soil - warm water circulation and heat tape; the other passively warmed the …
Comparison Of Gravel Substrate Vs Soil Substrate For The Construction Of An Experimental Fen, Carolyn S. Langley
Comparison Of Gravel Substrate Vs Soil Substrate For The Construction Of An Experimental Fen, Carolyn S. Langley
Theses and Dissertations
Under the Clean Water Act Section 404 of 1972 and 33 CFR 320-330 and 40 CFR 230 moderate the destruction of wetlands by the Air Force to make way for other uses. To obtain a permit for a design or construction project which affects a wetland, the Air Force must agree to create new wetlands, or replace lost wetland acreage through wetland creation or restoration. The Air Force is interested in building 'successful' wetlands as inexpensively as possible. It has been common practice to use hydric soil, which often had to be hauled in, as the substrate at the restored …
A System Dynamics Approach To Modelling The Degradation Of Biochemical Oxygen Demand In A Constructed Wetland Receiving Stormwater Runoff, Leslie A. Mudgett
A System Dynamics Approach To Modelling The Degradation Of Biochemical Oxygen Demand In A Constructed Wetland Receiving Stormwater Runoff, Leslie A. Mudgett
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this research was to develop a tool to aid the Air Force Environmental Manager in the identification of the design parameters of a constructed wetland system that may be optimized to provide a desired biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiency during the treatment of Air Force stormwater runoff. The objective is achieved through the development and use of a system dynamics model which simulates the hydrological functions of a constructed wetland as well as the processes within the wetland responsible for degradation of BOD. Based on literature review, the primary mechanism responsible for the degradation of BOD …