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Articles 1 - 30 of 505
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Effects Of Polymer-Nanoparticle Interactions On The Dynamics Of Attractive Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocomposites, Walter W. Young
Effects Of Polymer-Nanoparticle Interactions On The Dynamics Of Attractive Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocomposites, Walter W. Young
Doctoral Dissertations
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) had long been recognized as a critical building block for inorganic-organic hybrid materials with unique and desirable properties and performance. Through synthesis and characterization of polymer/POSS nanocomposites, direct insights into the significant effects of the polymer/POSS interactions on the resulting material properties are obtained. Random copolymers of a hydrogen-bond accepting monomer and a non-interacting monomer are synthesized and loaded with a model amine-functionalized hydrogen bond donating POSS molecule via solution casting, to create a material with well-controlled dynamical heterogeneity. The increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these materials is found to strongly depend on …
An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Framework For Video Analytics, Tian Zhou
An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Framework For Video Analytics, Tian Zhou
Doctoral Dissertations
With the proliferation of video content from surveillance cameras, social media, and live streaming services, the need for efficient video analytics has grown immensely. In recent years, machine learning based computer vision algorithms have shown great success in various video analytic tasks. Specifically, neural network models have dominated in visual tasks such as image and video classification, object recognition, object detection, and object tracking. However, compared with classic computer vision algorithms, machine learning based methods are usually much more compute-intensive. Powerful servers are required by many state-of-the-art machine learning models. With the development of cloud computing infrastructures, people are able …
Harnessing Nanocellulose For Sustainable Carbon Capture: Synthesis, Processing, And Performance Evaluation, Jerred C. Wassgren
Harnessing Nanocellulose For Sustainable Carbon Capture: Synthesis, Processing, And Performance Evaluation, Jerred C. Wassgren
Doctoral Dissertations
Scientists and governments have recognized the need for environmental remediation, most notably with the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2016. One of the major concerns is the production of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The major GHG is carbon dioxide (CO2) in which humans emit over 36 gigatons yearly. Atmospheric CO2 is responsible for 60% of the heat retained by the earth – resulting in rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and increasing ocean acidification. Therefore, a major goal of the Paris Agreement was to reduce GHG emissions as well as the capture of CO2 from the atmosphere. …
Drivers’ Hazard Avoidance During Vehicle Automation: Impact Of Mental Models And Implications For Training, Ganesh Pai Mangalore
Drivers’ Hazard Avoidance During Vehicle Automation: Impact Of Mental Models And Implications For Training, Ganesh Pai Mangalore
Doctoral Dissertations
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are vehicle automation systems that have become more accessible and prevalent in vehicles in recent years. But the introduction of such technologies introduces new human factors challenges. Past literature suggests that users of vehicle automation lack the necessary and appropriate knowledge about their automation system. This may play a negative role in their hazard avoidance abilities when driving with automation features. Improving mental models and knowledge could generally lead to safer interactions with vehicle automation systems, but any effort to develop hazard avoidance skills when driving with vehicle automation is impeded by the lack of …
Incorporating Machine Learning With Satellite Data To Support Critical Infrastructure Measurement And Sustainable Development, Aggrey Muhebwa
Incorporating Machine Learning With Satellite Data To Support Critical Infrastructure Measurement And Sustainable Development, Aggrey Muhebwa
Doctoral Dissertations
Under the umbrella concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for good, recent advances in machine learning and large-scale data analysis have opened new opportunities to solve humanity’s most pressing challenges. Improvements in computation complexity and advances in AI (e.g., Vision Transformers) have led to faster and more effective techniques for extracting high-dimensional patterns from large-scale heterogeneous datasets (big data). Further, as satellite data become increasingly available at varying temporal-spatial resolutions, AI tools are helping us to better understand the underlying causes of environmental and socioeconomic changes at an unprecedented scale, ushering in an era of data-driven decision-making to support sustainable and …
Fpga Security Techniques With Applications To Cloud And Multi-Tenant Use Cases, Xiang Li
Fpga Security Techniques With Applications To Cloud And Multi-Tenant Use Cases, Xiang Li
Doctoral Dissertations
Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits that consist of programmable logic that a user can configure and deploy for applications such as hardware emulation and accelerating high performance computing. In recent years, the emergence of FPGAs in the cloud has led to research on multi-tenant FPGAs. In a multi-tenant scenario, the same FPGA fabric is shared among multiple users, or among multiple untrusting IP cores. Multi-tenancy has economic benefits, largely due to improvements in resource utilization, but also brings new security concerns since the tenants could behave maliciously. Although the tenants sharing an FPGA are logically isolated from …
A Ground-Based L-Band Radar System For Monitoring Forest Temporal Dynamics, Xingjian Chen
A Ground-Based L-Band Radar System For Monitoring Forest Temporal Dynamics, Xingjian Chen
Doctoral Dissertations
L-band FMCW radar is implemented for monitoring forest dynamics. It took short-term and long-term measurements with an internal calibration system that guarantees stability and precision. The radar data is compared to in-situ measurement, which infers causal relationships between radar backscatter signal and forest physiology index such as tree dielectric. This paper explains the relationship between radar signals and environmental components such as precipitation based on the measurement. The radar demonstrates some interesting observations, for example, trees' daily activity and freeze-thaw process.
Generative Language Models For Personalized Information Understanding, Pengshan Cai
Generative Language Models For Personalized Information Understanding, Pengshan Cai
Doctoral Dissertations
A major challenge in information understanding stems from the diverse nature of the audience, where individuals possess varying preferences, experiences, educational and cultural backgrounds. Consequently, adopting a one-size-fits-all approach to provide information may prove suboptimal. While prior research has predominantly focused on delivering pre-existing content to users with potential interests, this thesis explores generative language models for personalized information understanding. By harnessing the potential of generative language models, our objective is to generate novel personalize content for individual users. As a result, users from diverse backgrounds can be provided with content that are tailored for their need and better aligns …
Reactive Chemistries For Protein Labeling, Degradation, And Stimuli Responsive Delivery, Myrat Kurbanov
Reactive Chemistries For Protein Labeling, Degradation, And Stimuli Responsive Delivery, Myrat Kurbanov
Doctoral Dissertations
Reactive chemistries for protein chemical modification play an instrumental role in chemical biology, proteomics, and therapeutics. Depending on the application, the selectivity of these modifications can range from precise modification of an amino acid sequence by genetic manipulation of protein expression machinery to a stochastic modification of lysine residues on the protein surface. Ligand-Directed (LD) chemistry is one of the few methods for targeted modification of endogenous proteins without genetic engineering. However, current LD strategies are limited by stringent amino acid selectivity. To bridge this gap, this thesis focuses on the development of highly reactive LD Triggerable Michael Acceptors (LD-TMAcs) …
Steel Deck Diaphragms: Characterizing The Hysteretic Behavior Of Light Gage Steel, Screw-Fastened, Support And Sidelap Connections And The Influence Of Support Connections On The Stability Behavior Of Panels, Divyansh Kapoor
Doctoral Dissertations
Steel deck diaphragms are planar structures that serve as critical components of a metal building’s lateral force-resisting system. These can be found in walls, floors, and roofs of metal buildings and aid with the lateral stability of the structure. The diaphragm design process involves the selection of materials, deck geometry, connections, and connection detailing across the steel panels. The American Iron and Steel Institute’s AISI S310 and Steel Deck Institutes DDM04 both provide design guidance on the selection and detailing of materials and fasteners for the applicable limit states of connections and stability of the panels. Both design codes provide …
Mobile Intelligent Agents: Interplay Of Communications, Privacy, And Decision Making, Saeede Enayati
Mobile Intelligent Agents: Interplay Of Communications, Privacy, And Decision Making, Saeede Enayati
Doctoral Dissertations
The development of processors and sensor technologies and the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the growth of more capable and affordable mobile intelligent agents like unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which have numerous applications in areas such as construction, search and rescue operations, oil and gas, agriculture, etc. The use of AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms in UAVs has enabled real-time data-driven decision-making frameworks but poses numerous challenges including high-impact decision-making, security, energy management, communication, and automation, to name a few. In this dissertation, we propose solutions to some of these problems. First, we give our attention …
Experimental Investigation Of The Vortex-Induced Vibration Response Of A Flexibly-Mounted Rigid Cylinder In The Shear-Thinning And Inertial-Viscoelastic Flow Regimes, Pieter Boersma
Doctoral Dissertations
Flexible or flexibly-mounted structures with bluff cross-sections in flow can shed vortices at frequencies that increase with increasing flow velocity. When this shedding frequency is equal to the structure's natural frequency, the structure can oscillate. This is called vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). VIV is present in multiple fluid-structure interaction (FSI) systems which can be found in industrial, medical, and engineering applications. These oscillations can be desirable or undesirable, so understanding the physics behind this phenomenon is important. This work seeks to investigate experimentally the VIV response in the inertial-viscoelastic regime where fluid inertia and elasticity influence the system. The subcritical Newtonian …
Electrostatic Effects On Lipid Bilayer Physicochemal Properties And Vesicle Adhesion, Oscar Zabala-Ferrera
Electrostatic Effects On Lipid Bilayer Physicochemal Properties And Vesicle Adhesion, Oscar Zabala-Ferrera
Doctoral Dissertations
Lipids are an integral part of cells, being the principal component of the cell membrane, and contributing to the function and regulation of biological processes. Lipid nanoparticles mimicking a cell’s endosomes or exosomes are of particular interest within the pharmaceutical industry for their ability to deliver cargo such as RNA into target cells. The delivery process faces a multitude of challenges, so a rational design approach for vesicles that considers a lipid’s physicochemical contribution to the membrane is desired. To that end, this thesis explores the creation of large area biomembranes along with the development of electromechanical and optical characterization …
Resource Allocation In Subsidy Welfare Programs: Managerial Insights For Nonprofits, Governments, And Service Providers, Wei Wei
Doctoral Dissertations
Subsidy welfare programs provide financial assistance to economically disadvantaged individuals and families to access essential and life-altering services (e.g., education, child care, and housing) that they might not otherwise have access to. Access to these services is considered critical to achieving a better and more sustainable future for all. As such, these high-quality services are directly related to several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which were adopted as a universal call to action to end poverty, save the planet and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere." In particular, the need for these affordable and high-quality services has been …
Refinement And Performance Analysis Of The Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer In Extra Tropical Cyclone Conditions, Jezabel Vilardell Sanchez
Refinement And Performance Analysis Of The Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer In Extra Tropical Cyclone Conditions, Jezabel Vilardell Sanchez
Doctoral Dissertations
The Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) is a key instrument for estimation of ocean surface wind speed and rain rate in tropical and extra-tropical cyclones research. Through the observed brightness temperature (TB) over a range of six C-band frequencies, the SFMR derives these key parameters used by hurricane specialists to issue watches and warnings. The information gathered with this instru- ment is also pivotal for post-storm studies and satellite calibrations. Currently, the SFMR requires an average time of 5-10 seconds of averaging to cycle through the six di↵erent frequency channels, so in regions with strong wind/rain gradients such as the …
Micro And Nano R2r Embossing Of Extruded Polymers, Raymond S. Frenkel
Micro And Nano R2r Embossing Of Extruded Polymers, Raymond S. Frenkel
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation presents a process for directly imprinting or embossing extruded polymers as an advancement in roll-to-roll (R2R) embossing methods that avoids the problems of converting preformed films, increases throughput, and reduces costs. A proof-of-concept R2R apparatus was designed and constructed for directly embossing extruded polymer, and experimental results were evaluated. This laboratory scale R2R apparatus employed a thin metal ribbon belt mold with micro or nano scale features in a calendering setup, with a close coupled induction heating (IH) coil to preheat the ribbon mold above glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, prior to contact with …
Learning To Rig Characters, Zhan Xu
Learning To Rig Characters, Zhan Xu
Doctoral Dissertations
With the emergence of 3D virtual worlds, 3D social media, and massive online games, the need for diverse, high-quality, animation-ready characters and avatars is greater than ever. To animate characters, artists hand-craft articulation structures, such as animation skeletons and part deformers, which require significant amount of manual and laborious interaction with 2D/3D modeling interfaces. This thesis presents deep learning methods that are able to significantly automate the process of character rigging. First, the thesis introduces RigNet, a method capable of predicting an animation skeleton for an input static 3D shape in the form of a polygon mesh. The predicted skeletons …
Design And Analysis Of Content Caching Systems, Anirudh Sabnis
Design And Analysis Of Content Caching Systems, Anirudh Sabnis
Doctoral Dissertations
Caching is a simple yet powerful technique that has had a significant impact on improving the performance of various computer systems. From internet content delivery to CPUs, domain name systems, and database systems, caching has played a pivotal role in making these systems faster and more efficient. The basic idea behind caching is to store frequently accessed data locally, so that future requests for that data can be served more quickly. For example, a Content Delivery Network (CDN) like Akamai deploys thousands of edge caches across the globe, so that end-user requests can be served from a nearby cache, rather …
Additive Manufacturing Of High-Performance Nanolamellar Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys, Jie Ren
Additive Manufacturing Of High-Performance Nanolamellar Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys, Jie Ren
Doctoral Dissertations
Additive manufacturing, also called three-dimensional (3D) printing, is an emerging technology for printing net-shaped components layer by layer for applications in automotive, aerospace, biomedical and other industries. In addition to the vast design freedom offered by this approach, metal 3D printing via laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) involves large temperature gradients and rapid cooling and provides exciting opportunities for producing microstructures and mechanical properties beyond those achievable by conventional processing routes. Although these extreme printing conditions enable microstructural refinement to the nanoscale for achieving high strength. However, high-strength nanostructured alloys by laser additive manufacturing often suffer from limited ductility. Eutectic high-entropy …
Capacity Planning For Heterogeneous Patient Populations In Primary Care And Specialty Networks, Prashant Meckoni
Capacity Planning For Heterogeneous Patient Populations In Primary Care And Specialty Networks, Prashant Meckoni
Doctoral Dissertations
Access to primary care has a direct impact on morbidity and mortality, and is strongly influenced by indirect waiting time: the delay between the requested and allotted appointment day. Our models describe the heterogeneous appointment seeking patterns of a primary care patient panel using stochastic processes parameterized to reflect the diversity of primary care visit rates in the US. For capacity planning, we estimate the distribution of daily appointments, and show that the distribution variability can be reduced by heuristics that use patient flexibility regarding the day of the appointment. For delays, we demonstrate that in a first-come, first-served system, …
A Digital Twin Framework For Production Planning Optimization: Applications For Make-To-Order Manufacturers, Ron Mallach
A Digital Twin Framework For Production Planning Optimization: Applications For Make-To-Order Manufacturers, Ron Mallach
Doctoral Dissertations
In this dissertation, we develop a Digital Twin framework for manufacturing systems and apply it to various production planning and scheduling problems faced by Make-To-Order (MTO) firms. While this framework can be used to digitally represent a particular manufacturing environment with high fidelity, our focus is in using it to generate realistic settings to test production planning and scheduling algorithms in practice. These algorithms have traditionally been tested by either translating a practical situation into the necessary modeling constructs, without discussion of the assumptions and inaccuracies underlying this translation, or by generating random instances of the modeling constructs, without assessing …
Singular Integration By Interpolation For Integral Equations, Ioannis Kyriakou
Singular Integration By Interpolation For Integral Equations, Ioannis Kyriakou
Doctoral Dissertations
Maxwell’s equations and the laws of Electromagnetics (EM) govern a plethora of electrical, optical phenomena with applications on wireless, cellular, communications, medical and computer hardware technologies to name a few. A major contributor to the technological progress in these areas has been due to the development of simulation and design tools that enable engineers and scientists to model, analyze and predict the EM interactions in their systems of interest. At the core of such tools is the field of Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), which studies the solution of Maxwell’s equations with the aid of computers. The advances in these applications technologies, …
Polyesters Derived From Biobased 1,5-Pentanediol For Coatings, Adhesives, And Biodegradable Plastics, Lei Zheng
Polyesters Derived From Biobased 1,5-Pentanediol For Coatings, Adhesives, And Biodegradable Plastics, Lei Zheng
Doctoral Dissertations
Biomass-derived polymers are drawing increased attention from researchers due to unique performance attributes, potential for biodegradability, new low-cost feedstocks, and improved sustainability. Biobased feedstocks are employed in both major applications of polymers thermosets and thermoplastics. For thermoset coatings and adhesives, biobased resins such as biobased alkyds, epoxy resins, benzoxazine resins, starch derivatives, and proteins from plants and animals, are promising candidates to replace petroleum-derived counterparts. Thermoplastics such as polyethylene are mainly produced from fossil resources, generally have poor degradability and are difficult to effectively recycle. Currently, in the United States, less than 10% plastics are recycled, and more than 70% …
Polymer Based Energy Storage And Thermal Management On Textile Devices, Wesley A. Viola
Polymer Based Energy Storage And Thermal Management On Textile Devices, Wesley A. Viola
Doctoral Dissertations
Humans developed textiles to manage thermal energy transfer with the environment and support homeostasis in a wide range of climates. With the anticipation of wearable technologies to transform healthcare via early, pre-symptomatic detection of illness, there is now a demand for electrical energy storage to support such on-body devices. Finding energy materials to merge seamlessly with textiles is basic requirement to ensure widespread adoption of wearable health monitors. Here we use a vapor deposition process to conformally coat ordinary fabrics with the doped conjugated polymer poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-Cl), a soft material which possesses electronic and redox capabilities. We demonstrate PEDOT-Cl …
Assembly Of Polymer Colloids At Fluid Interfaces Through External Fields And Nanoscale Surface Topography, Samuel Trevenen
Assembly Of Polymer Colloids At Fluid Interfaces Through External Fields And Nanoscale Surface Topography, Samuel Trevenen
Doctoral Dissertations
The superposition of dipolar repulsion and capillary attraction energies between colloidal particles pinned at fluid interfaces dictates their microstructural organization and therefore the macroscopic interfacial material properties of particle-stabilized emulsions and 2D monolayer materials. While isotropic, spherical, particles have been extensively utilized, expanding the possible applications and material property tunability via anisotropic particles has been a challenge due to the propensity of particles to form disordered aggregates at the interface. My thesis presents the synthesis of anisotropic polymer ellipsoids and the development and use of experimental tools to study their interfacial behavior to reveal how dipolar and capillary interactions can …
Heat Transfer Characteristics Of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage, Kedar Prashant Shete
Heat Transfer Characteristics Of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage, Kedar Prashant Shete
Doctoral Dissertations
Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems can be used to reduce electric demand when used in conjunction with Combined Heat and Power Plants or HVAC(Heating, Ventilation, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning), as they can regulate the demand and supply of thermal energy. They can also be used to integrate renewable energy sources with the grid. A design procedure and performance modeling is required for designing and using thermal energy storage systems effectively. We propose hypotheses about the performance of an LHTES device with different operating conditions and material properties, for devices that are governed by different modes of heat transfer. We …
Controlling Mechanical Properties Of Well-Defined Polymer Networks, Ipek Sacligil
Controlling Mechanical Properties Of Well-Defined Polymer Networks, Ipek Sacligil
Doctoral Dissertations
Polymer networks are one of the most versatile and highly studied material class that revolutionized many aspects of life. Connecting the final network properties to the molecular parameters of its building blocks remains a major research thrust. Recent advances in network synthesis techniques allowed for accurate predictions of elastic modulus in model networks. Tew Group has developed highly efficient, thiol-norbornene networks with controllable mechanical properties. Chapter 2 focuses on modifying the gel fracture energy predicted by Lake-Thomas theory by accounting for loop defects. This study allowed for a priori estimates of gel fracture energy by combining theory, experiments, and simulations. …
Stimulating Electricity Demand To Enhance Sustainable Human Development In Sub-Saharan Africa, June M. Lukuyu
Stimulating Electricity Demand To Enhance Sustainable Human Development In Sub-Saharan Africa, June M. Lukuyu
Doctoral Dissertations
Sub-Saharan Africa continues to aggressively pursue universal electricity access to drive economic development, improved health, literacy, food security, and gender equality. However, increasing electricity supply and household connections is only one important step towards achieving economic transformation. Countries in the region must also strive for increased use of energy services, not only by households but also for income-generating productive uses and community facilities. Unfortunately, unlike the other regions in the world, increasing electricity access rates in sub-Saharan Africa have not been met with complementary growth in electricity consumption density. Therefore, contrary to the energy efficiency zeitgeist in industrialized regions, countries …
Functionalizing Three-Dimensional Superhydrophobic Materials, Li He
Functionalizing Three-Dimensional Superhydrophobic Materials, Li He
Doctoral Dissertations
Traditional bulk superhydrophobic materials are usually characterized by high porosity, low fracture toughness, and extremely low strength due to the low surface energy on the internal surface. Therefore, it is very challenging to achieve a bulk superhydrophobic material with high strength and mechanical durability. This dissertation presents an experimental study of strengthening a superhydrophobic siloxane using carbon-based nanomaterials, emphasizes the effects of microscale dispersion and macroscale distribution of reinforcing graphene on the uniformity and strength of the composite, studies the impact factors on the water adsorption for hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials, and applies chemical modification modify the surface of clay …
Surface Engineering And Microfabrication Of Pdms-Based Devices For Women’S Health Applications, Jamar Hawkins
Surface Engineering And Microfabrication Of Pdms-Based Devices For Women’S Health Applications, Jamar Hawkins
Doctoral Dissertations
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a widely used polymer in biomedical and microfluidics research due to its optical transparency, castability, gas permeability, and relative biocompatibility. However, while the favorable intrinsic properties of the polymer are typically suitable for preventing experimental artifacts, the true advantage of these devices often comes from their customized patterning and design, which can be tailored to specific applications. Critical parameters in biomedical applications such as chemical concentration profiles, fluid streamlines, substrate topography, and mechanical stiffness can all be fine-tuned simply by selecting the appropriate dimensions and arrangement of PDMS microstructures. To address challenges in expanding the application of …