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Articles 1 - 30 of 538
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Performance Bounds For Grouped Incoherent Measurements In Compressive Sensing, Adam Polak, Marco Duarte, Dennis Goeckel
Performance Bounds For Grouped Incoherent Measurements In Compressive Sensing, Adam Polak, Marco Duarte, Dennis Goeckel
Marco Duarte
Compressive sensing (CS) allows for acquisition of sparse signals at sampling rates significantly lower than the Nyquist rate required for bandlimited signals. Recovery guarantees for CS are generally derived based on the assumption that measurement projections are selected independently at random. However, for many practical signal acquisition applications, including medical imaging and remote sensing, this assumption is violated as the projections must be taken in groups. In this paper, we consider such applications and derive requirements on the number of measurements needed for successful recovery of signals when groups of dependent projections are taken at random. We find a penalty …
Universality Of Wavelet-Based Non-Homogeneous Hidden Markov Chain Model Features For Hyperspectral Signatures, Siwei Feng, Marco Duarte, Mario Parente
Universality Of Wavelet-Based Non-Homogeneous Hidden Markov Chain Model Features For Hyperspectral Signatures, Siwei Feng, Marco Duarte, Mario Parente
Marco Duarte
Feature design is a crucial step in many hyperspectral signal processing applications like hyperspectral signature classification and unmixing, etc. In this paper, we describe a technique for automatically designing universal features of hyperspectral signatures. Universality is considered both in terms of the application to a multitude of classification problems and in terms of the use of specific vs. generic training datasets. The core component of our feature design is to use a non-homogeneous hidden Markov chain (NHMC) to characterize wavelet coefficients which capture the spectrum semantics (i.e., structural information) at multiple levels. Results of our simulation experiments show that the …
Compressive Parameter Estimation Via Approximate Message Passing, Marco Duarte
Compressive Parameter Estimation Via Approximate Message Passing, Marco Duarte
Marco Duarte
No abstract provided.
Tr-2015-1 Preliminary Hydraulic Design Of A Step-Pool-Type, Nature-Like Fishway (3/30/15), Brett Towler, James Turek, Alex Haro
Tr-2015-1 Preliminary Hydraulic Design Of A Step-Pool-Type, Nature-Like Fishway (3/30/15), Brett Towler, James Turek, Alex Haro
Brett Towler
This technical report presents a method for the preliminary hydraulic design of a step-pool type, nature-like fishway. The method and its companion example, “Nature-Like Fishway at the Obex Mills dam site”, are presented as an instructional exercise illustrating how one may bridge the gap between a conceptual layout and subsequent, more detailed, design phases. This report is intended to supplement the “Federal Interagency Nature-like Fish Passage Guidelines for Atlantic Coast Diadromous Fishes” (unpublished; forthcoming 2015).
Nanoimprint Lithography 20 Years On, Qiangfei Xia, R. Fabian Pease
Nanoimprint Lithography 20 Years On, Qiangfei Xia, R. Fabian Pease
Qiangfei Xia
To celebrate the 20th anniversary of nanoimprint lithography (NIL) we present a perspective of how the technique and its prospects have evolved over the past two decades. We describe how it overcame certain fabrication challenges at the time it was first reported and look at some of the obstacles that hindered uptake in industry initially, as well as likely sectors for future successful commercial deployment. Developments in the technique since that are making NIL increasingly attractive such as 'moving roll to roll' for higher throughput, are also described.
Nanoscale Memristive Radiofrequency Switches, Shuang Pi, Mohammad Ghadiri-Sadrabadi, Joseph C. Bardin, Qiangfei Xia
Nanoscale Memristive Radiofrequency Switches, Shuang Pi, Mohammad Ghadiri-Sadrabadi, Joseph C. Bardin, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
Radiofrequency switches are critical components in wireless communication systems and consumer electronics. Emerging devices include switches based on microelectromechanical systems and phase-change materials. However, these devices suffer from disadvantages such as large physical dimensions and high actuation voltages. Here we propose and demonstrate a nanoscale radiofrequency switch based on a memristive device. The device can be programmed with a voltage as low as 0.4 V and has an ON/OFF conductance ratio up to 1012 with long state retention. We measure the radiofrequency performance of the switch up to 110 GHz and demonstrate low insertion loss (0.3 dB at 40 GHz), …
General Properties For Determining Power Loss And Efficiency Of Passive Multi-Port Microwave Networks, Ramakrishna Janaswamy
General Properties For Determining Power Loss And Efficiency Of Passive Multi-Port Microwave Networks, Ramakrishna Janaswamy
Ramakrishna Janaswamy
Starting from the scattering matrix formulation, three useful properties are derived that characterize the dissipative loss and the corresponding efficiency of a multiport, passive microwave network. Elementary examples are considered that involve both reciprocal and non-reciprocal networks to demonstrate the utility of the expressions provided. When applied to the equal-split, matched, 3-port resistive divider, they recover the known fact that the device is 50% efficient. The relations yield the new result that the efficiency of a 3-port Wilkinson power divider is 2/3 on the average. Using the results presented it is further shown that the Wilkinson power divider belongs to …
Dynamic Model-Based Analysis Of Furfural And Hmf Detoxification By Pure And Mixed Batch Cultures Of S. Cerevisiae And S. Stipitis, Timothy J. Hanly, Michael A. Henson
Dynamic Model-Based Analysis Of Furfural And Hmf Detoxification By Pure And Mixed Batch Cultures Of S. Cerevisiae And S. Stipitis, Timothy J. Hanly, Michael A. Henson
Michael A Henson
Inhibitory compounds that result from biomass hydrolysis are an obstacle to the efficient production of second-generation biofuels. Fermentative microorganisms can reduce compounds such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), but detoxification is accompanied by reduced growth rates and ethanol yields. In this study, we assess the effects of these furan aldehydes on pure and mixed yeast cultures consisting of a respiratory deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and wild-type Scheffersomyces stipites using dynamic flux balance analysis. Uptake kinetics and stoichiometric equations for the intracellular reduction reactions associated with each inhibitor were added to genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of the two yeasts. Further …
Masking Schemes For Image Manifolds, Hamid Dadkhahi, Marco Duarte
Masking Schemes For Image Manifolds, Hamid Dadkhahi, Marco Duarte
Marco Duarte
We consider the problem of selecting an optimal mask for an image manifold, i.e., choosing a subset of the dimensions of the image space that preserves the manifold structure present in the original data. Such masking implements a form of compressed sensing that reduces power consumption in emerging imaging sensor platforms. Our goal is for the manifold learned from masked images to resemble the manifold learned from full images as closely as possible. We show that the process of finding the optimal masking pattern can be cast as a binary integer program, which is computationally expensive but can be approximated …
Complexity-Adaptive Universal Signal Estimation For Compressed Sensing, Junan Zhu, Dror Baron, Marco Duarte
Complexity-Adaptive Universal Signal Estimation For Compressed Sensing, Junan Zhu, Dror Baron, Marco Duarte
Marco Duarte
We study the compressed sensing (CS) signal estimation problem where a signal is measured via a linear matrix multiplication under additive noise. While this setup usually assumes sparsity or compressibility in the signal during estimation, additional signal structure that can be leveraged is often not known a priori. For signals with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) entries, existing CS algorithms achieve optimal or near optimal estimation error without knowing the statistics of the signal. This paper addresses estimating stationary ergodic non-i.i.d. signals with unknown statistics. We have previously proposed a universal CS approach to simultaneously estimate the statistics of a …
Sans Study Of Highly Resilient Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels, Erika M. Saffer, Melissa A. Lackey, David M. Griffin, Suhasini Kishore, Gregory N. Tew, Surita R. Bhatia
Sans Study Of Highly Resilient Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels, Erika M. Saffer, Melissa A. Lackey, David M. Griffin, Suhasini Kishore, Gregory N. Tew, Surita R. Bhatia
Gregory N. Tew
Polymer networks are critically important for numerous applications including soft biomaterials, adhesives, coatings, elastomers, and gel-based materials for energy storage. One long-standing challenge these materials present lies in understanding the role of network defects, such as dangling ends and loops, developed during cross-linking. These defects can negatively impact the physical, mechanical, and transport properties of the gel. Here we report chemically cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) gels formed through a unique cross-linking scheme designed to minimize defects in the network. The highly resilient mechanical properties of these systems (discussed in a previous publication) [J. Cui, M. A. Lackey, A. E. Madkour, …
Concentric Rings Of Polystyrene And Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Patterned By Alternating Current Signal Guided Coffee Ring Effect, Jinhua Mu, Peng Lin, Qiangfei Xia
Concentric Rings Of Polystyrene And Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Patterned By Alternating Current Signal Guided Coffee Ring Effect, Jinhua Mu, Peng Lin, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
The authors studied the surface deposition of nanoparticles by introducing an alternating current (AC) signal into the millimeter-sized nanoparticle droplet. For both polystyrene (PS) in deionized (DI) water and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in toluene, the nanoparticles self-assembled into regular concentric rings over a larger area on the substrate during the droplet drying process. The patterned area decreased, and the inter-ring spacing increased with higher AC frequencies for the TiO2/toluene system, while those for the PS/DI water system only changed slightly. The frequency dependent pattern formation was interpreted by the interaction between different factors such as capillary flow and the AC …
Single- And Bi-Layer Memristive Devices With Tunable Properties Using Tiox Switching Layers Deposited By Reactive Sputtering, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Single- And Bi-Layer Memristive Devices With Tunable Properties Using Tiox Switching Layers Deposited By Reactive Sputtering, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
The authors systematically studied reactive sputtering deposition of TiOx thin films using a mixture of Ar and O2 gases under different ratios of O2 flow. As directly revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the deposition changed from a metallic Ti target mode to an oxide target mode when the O2 flow ratio was beyond 40%, resulting in TiOx thin films with different chemical compositions. Consequently, metal/oxide/metal devices with a single TiOx layer exhibited a broad spectrum of electrical characteristics such as Ohmic, rectifying, and memristive behavior. The reactive sputtering deposited TiOx thin films were also used in a bilayer memristive device …
3d Integration Of Planar Crossbar Memristive Devices With Cmos Substrate, Peng Lin, Shuang Pi, Qiangfei Xia
3d Integration Of Planar Crossbar Memristive Devices With Cmos Substrate, Peng Lin, Shuang Pi, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
Memristive devices are promising building blocks for enhanced CMOS hardware in data storage and computing. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has been an enabling technology in the past decade for exploring novel devices and circuits. In this paper, the authors review the progress and technical aspects of the fabrication and integration of memristor crossbar arrays using NIL. Since the key component of successful fabrication is the imprint mold, the material selection, master mold fabrication, anti-sticking treatment and cleaning are first discussed. The requirements and composition of imprint resists, in particular low-viscosity liquid resists that cross-link upon ultraviolet light radiation, are investigated next. …
Phosphate Salts Facilitate The Electrospinning Of Hyaluronic Acid Fiber Mats, Eric K. Brenner, Jessica D. Schiffman, Laura J. Toth, Janah C. Szewczyk, Caroline L. Schauer
Phosphate Salts Facilitate The Electrospinning Of Hyaluronic Acid Fiber Mats, Eric K. Brenner, Jessica D. Schiffman, Laura J. Toth, Janah C. Szewczyk, Caroline L. Schauer
Jessica D. Schiffman
Electrospinning is a cost effective and facile method to manufacture fiber mats appropriate for biomedical applications. Due to its high molecular weight and charged backbone, hyaluronic acid (HA) fiber mats with consistent fiber morphology have been difficult to electrospin from neutral pH solutions. Here, we present that the electrospinning of HA fibers in aqueous dimethylformamide solutions is facilitated by the addition of three phosphate salts. The salts—glycerol phosphate (GP), sodium phosphate (SP), and tripolyphosphate (TPP)—facilitated electrospinning of the solutions as characterized by conductivity measurements and fiber morphology. From tensile experiments, HA mats electrospun with SP demonstrated improved Young’s modulus (12 …
Crosslinking Poly(Allylamine) Fibers Electrospun From Basic And Acidic Solutions, Jessica D. Schiffman, Marjorie A. Kiechel, Amalie E. Donius, Ulrike G. K. Wegst, Caroline L. Schauer
Crosslinking Poly(Allylamine) Fibers Electrospun From Basic And Acidic Solutions, Jessica D. Schiffman, Marjorie A. Kiechel, Amalie E. Donius, Ulrike G. K. Wegst, Caroline L. Schauer
Jessica D. Schiffman
Mechanically robust, non-toxic polymer fiber mats are promising materials for a range of biomedical applications; however, further research into enhancing polymer selection is needed. In this study, poly(allylamine) (PAH), an amine-containing polyelectrolyte, was successfully electrospun from aqueous solutions into continuous, cylindrical fibers with a mean diameter of 150 ± 41 nm. A one-step crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde provides insight into the chemical and morphological changes that result from altering the molar ratio of amine to aldehyde groups, whereas a two-step crosslinking method yielded chemically and mechanically robust mats. These results indicate PAH fibrous mats synthesized from aqueous solutions could potentially …
Designing Electrospun Nanofiber Mats To Promote Wound Healing – A Review, Katrina A. Rieger, Nathan P. Birch, Jessica D. Schiffman
Designing Electrospun Nanofiber Mats To Promote Wound Healing – A Review, Katrina A. Rieger, Nathan P. Birch, Jessica D. Schiffman
Jessica D. Schiffman
Current strategies to treat chronic wounds offer limited relief to the 7.75 million patients who suffer from burns or chronic skin ulcers. Thus, as long as chronic wounds remain a global healthcare problem, the development of alternate treatments remain desperately needed. This review explores the recent strategies employed to tailor electrospun nanofiber mats towards accelerating the wound healing process. Porous nanofiber mats readily produced by the electrospinning process offer a promising solution to the management of wounds. The matrix chemistry, surface functionality, and mat degradation rate all can be fine-tuned to govern the interactions that occur at the materials–biology interface. …
Dynamic Metabolic Modeling Of A Microaerobic Yeast Co-Culture: Predicting And Optimizing Ethanol Production From Glucose/Xylose Mixtures, Timothy J. Hanly, Michael A. Henson
Dynamic Metabolic Modeling Of A Microaerobic Yeast Co-Culture: Predicting And Optimizing Ethanol Production From Glucose/Xylose Mixtures, Timothy J. Hanly, Michael A. Henson
Michael A Henson
Background: A key step in any process that converts lignocellulose to biofuels is the efficient fermentation of both hexose and pentose sugars. The co-culture of respiratory-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae and wild-type Scheffersomyces stipitis has been identified as a promising system for microaerobic ethanol production because S. cerevisiae only consumes glucose while S. stipitis efficiently converts xylose to ethanol. Results: To better predict how these two yeasts behave in batch co-culture and to optimize system performance, a dynamic flux balance model describing co-culture metabolism was developed from genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of the individual organisms. First a dynamic model was developed for each …
Wrinkling Of Inhomogeneously Strained Thin Polymer Films, Yu-Cheng Chen, Alfred Crosby
Wrinkling Of Inhomogeneously Strained Thin Polymer Films, Yu-Cheng Chen, Alfred Crosby
Alfred Crosby
Wrinkles occur due to a mechanical instability when sufficient strain is applied to an incompressible thin film attached to a deformable substrate. For wrinkles made with a polymer film supported on a soft elastomer, the amplitude is directly proportional to the wavelength and the square root of the applied strain. This dependence has been confirmed with ideal substrates where the global strain is homogeneously distributed, but the influence of strain inhomogeneity has not been considered previously. We use the contact line wrinkling technique to prepare polystyrene thin films with periodic regions of different wrinkle amplitudes, hence strains, on soft substrates. …
My Relations With Russian Polymer Science, Otto Vogl, Frank T. Traceski, Friderikh Diachekovski
My Relations With Russian Polymer Science, Otto Vogl, Frank T. Traceski, Friderikh Diachekovski
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
A Unified Perspective On Traffic Flow Theory. Part Iii: Validation And Benchmarking, Daiheng Ni, Haizhong Wang
A Unified Perspective On Traffic Flow Theory. Part Iii: Validation And Benchmarking, Daiheng Ni, Haizhong Wang
Daiheng Ni
Over more than half a century, traffic flow theorists have been pursuing two goals: (1) simple and efficient models to abstract vehicular traffic flow and (2) a unified framework in which existing traffic flow models fit and relate to each other. Continuing these efforts, we report our humble understanding in a trio of papers. The first paper (Part I) introduced a Field Theory with an emphasis on traffic flow modeling at the microscopic level. The second paper (Part II) uses the Field Theory as a framework to relate existing microscopic and macroscopic models to each other and summarizes the relations …
A Unified Perspective On Traffic Flow Theory. Part I: The Field Theory, Daiheng Ni
A Unified Perspective On Traffic Flow Theory. Part I: The Field Theory, Daiheng Ni
Daiheng Ni
Over more than half a century, traffic flow theorists have been pursuing two goals: (1) simple and efficient models to abstract vehicular traffic flow and (2) a unified framework in which existing traffic flow models fit and relate to each other. Continuing these efforts, we report our humble understanding in a trio of papers. This paper (Part I) introduces a Field Theory with an emphasis on traffic flow modeling at the microscopic level. In this theory, highways and vehicles are perceived as a field by a subject driver whose driving strategy is to navigate through the field along its valley. …
Direct Solution Of Current Density Induced On A Rough Surface By Forward Propagating Waves, Ramakrishna Janaswamy
Direct Solution Of Current Density Induced On A Rough Surface By Forward Propagating Waves, Ramakrishna Janaswamy
Ramakrishna Janaswamy
A new Volterra integral equation of the second kind with square integrable kernel is derived for paraxial propagation of radiowaves over a gently varying, perfectly conducting rough surface. The integral equation is solved exactly in terms of a infinite series and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solution to exist and converge are established. Super exponential convergence of the Neumann series for arbitrary surface slope is established through asymptotic analysis. Expressions are derived for the determination of the number of terms needed to achieve a given accuracy, the latter depending on the parameters of the rough surface, the frequency …
Effect Of Voltage Polarity And Amplitude On Electroforming Of Tio2 Based Memristive Devices, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Effect Of Voltage Polarity And Amplitude On Electroforming Of Tio2 Based Memristive Devices, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
Pt/TiO2/Pt/Ti memristive devices were electrically formed to either the ON or OFF state using voltages of the same polarity but with different amplitudes. The forming step dictated the subsequent switching behaviour. A qualitative model based on the creation and migration of oxygen vacancies was proposed to explain the experimental results.
Effect Of Voltage Polarity And Amplitude On Electroforming Of Tio2 Based Memristive Devices, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Effect Of Voltage Polarity And Amplitude On Electroforming Of Tio2 Based Memristive Devices, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
Pt/TiO2/Pt/Ti memristive devices were electrically formed to either the ON or OFF state using voltages of the same polarity but with different amplitudes. The forming step dictated the subsequent switching behaviour. A qualitative model based on the creation and migration of oxygen vacancies was proposed to explain the experimental results.
Cross Point Arrays Of 8 Nm × 8 Nm Memristive Devices Fabricated With Nanoimprint Lithography, Shuang Pi, Peng Lin, Qiangfei Xia
Cross Point Arrays Of 8 Nm × 8 Nm Memristive Devices Fabricated With Nanoimprint Lithography, Shuang Pi, Peng Lin, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
Building arrays of memristive devices with sub-10 nm lateral dimensions is critical for high packing density, low power consumption, and better uniformity in device performance. Here, the authors demonstrate arrays of 8 × 8 nm2 cross point memristive devices using wet chemical etching and nanoimprint lithography. The devices exhibited nonvolatile bipolar switching with extreme low programming current of 600 pA. The devices also exhibited fast switching speed and improved uniformity and promising endurance and data retention. This work opens the opportunities for memristive devices in the next generation ultrahigh-density data storage and low-power high-speed unconventional computing.
Low Voltage Resistive Switching Devices Based On Chemically Produced Silicon Oxide, Can Li, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Low Voltage Resistive Switching Devices Based On Chemically Produced Silicon Oxide, Can Li, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
We developed nonvolatile metal/SiOx/Si memristive devices based on ultrathin (∼1 nm) silicon oxide that was produced in a Piranha solution. The devices exhibited repeatable resistive switching behavior with low programming voltages (as low as 0.5 V) and high ON/OFF conductance ratio. Devices with active metals as top electrodes were bipolar switches, while those with inert metal electrodes were unipolar. We also studied the switching mechanisms for both types of devices based on the filament formation and rupture, and proposed conduction models for Pt/SiOx/Si devices.
Mold Cleaning With Polydimethylsiloxane (Pdms) For Nanoimprint Lithography, Peng Lin, Shuang Pi, Jiang Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Mold Cleaning With Polydimethylsiloxane (Pdms) For Nanoimprint Lithography, Peng Lin, Shuang Pi, Jiang Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
We present a simple and effective mold cleaning method for nanoimprint lithography. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prepolymer is spin-coated onto a contaminated imprint mold, thermally cured in an ambient environment, and then peeled off afterwards. Contaminants of 100 s μm to sub-50 nm sizes are effectively cleaned within one cycle. During the cleaning process, a very thin PDMS film (1–2 nm) is uniformly coated onto the mold surface, serving as a protection and anti-sticking layer.
Nanomanufacturing Of Biomaterials, Yoni Engel, Jessica D. Schiffman, Julie M. Goddard, Vincent M. Rotello
Nanomanufacturing Of Biomaterials, Yoni Engel, Jessica D. Schiffman, Julie M. Goddard, Vincent M. Rotello
Jessica D. Schiffman
In this review, we present a few of the many important objectives in the area of biomedical engineering that could open new pathways for nextgeneration biomaterials. We also provide examples of how materials for these goals can be created in an economically viable means through recent advances in high throughput production. These strategies highlight the potential for nanomanufacturing in a variety of areas of importance for human health and safety.
Genome-Based Modeling And Design Of Metabolic Interactions In Microbial Communities, Radhakrishnan Mahadevan, Michael A. Henson
Genome-Based Modeling And Design Of Metabolic Interactions In Microbial Communities, Radhakrishnan Mahadevan, Michael A. Henson
Michael A Henson
Biotechnology research is traditionally focused on individual microbial strains that are perceived to have the necessary metabolic functions, or the capability to have these functions introduced, to achieve a particular task. For many important applications, the development of such omnipotent microbes is an extremely challenging if not impossible task. By contrast, nature employs a radically different strategy based on synergistic combinations of different microbial species that collectively achieve the desired task. These natural communities have evolved to exploit the native metabolic capabilities of each species and are highly adaptive to changes in their environments. However, microbial communities have proven difficult …