Engineering Commons^™

An Empirical Model Of Thermal Updrafts Using Data Obtained From A Manned Glider, Christopher E. Childress

Masters Theses

Various methods have been used, including airborne radars, LIDAR, observation of flying birds, towers, tethered balloons, and aircraft to gain both a qualitative and quantitative representation of how heat and moisture are transported to higher altitudes and grow the boundary or mixing layer by thermal updrafts. This paper builds upon that research using an instrumented glider to determine the structure and build a mathematical model of thermals in a desert environment. During these flights, it was discovered that the traditional view of a thermal as a singular rising plume of air did not sufficiently explain what was being observed, but …

Improving Query Efficiency Of Multiresolution Data Aggregation For Analytical Exploration Of Large Relational Dataset, Yu-Ting Huang

Masters Theses

Tree structures are developed to organize the data more efficiently by using fewer resources for searching records. This thesis investigates the tree's actual structure on the hard disk to see the influence of different kinds of structures on the tree building time and query execution time. In order to improve efficiency, one multi-file structure and two reorganization structures, BFS and DFS, are examined to achieve this goal. The results indicate that two reorganization structures on KDB-tree structure can significantly improve the query execution time in large data sets and multi-file structure can slightly improve the TPIE lover level building time.

Universal Geometric Camera Calibration With Statistical Model Selection, Chistopher Paul Broaddus

Masters Theses

We propose a new universal camera calibration approach that uses statistical information criteria for automatic camera model selection. It requires the camera to observe a planar pattern from different positions, and then closed-form estimates for the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are computed followed by nonlinear optimization. In lieu of modeling radial distortion, the lens projection of the camera is modeled, and in addition we include decentering distortion. This approach is particularly advantageous for wide angle (fisheye) camera calibration because it often reduces the complexity of the model compared to modeling radial distortion. We then apply statistical information criteria to automatically …

A Monte Carlo Model Of Uncertainty In A Deterministic Hazardous Waste Transportation Risk Assessment, Michael A. Cowen

Masters Theses

This thesis is aimed at developing and applying advanced modeling tools in the prediction of risk to the general public from transportation of chemical waste on public highways. The modeling tools developed can then be used to compare alternative waste management scenarios. The application considered is related to the transport of hazardous waste generated by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) to current treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. DOE is currently considering four different scenarios.

The application considered can be more specifically defined as an analysis of the risk to the general public from transporting the 63 shipments of …

A Study On The Causes Of Variations In Transmissivity And Storativity During Pump Tests At Asylum Lake, Paul Joseph Pare

Masters Theses

Over a two year period, Western Michigan University ran a number of pump tests in the Asylum Lake Area in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The transmissivities and storativities calculated from these tests differed significantly from well to well in any particular test, and from pump test to pump test. Utilizing the computer programs AQTESOLV 3.0 and Aquifer Parameter Estimator, a number of T and S values were calculated. After analysis of the results, the following conclusion was drawn. The main reason for the deviations in the T and S values arose from the mixing of the results of numerous methods (some of …

Middle Terminal Cell Models For Efficient Over-The-Cell Routing, Siddharth Bhingarde

Masters Theses

In this thesis, we introduce a new class of cell models called Middle Terminal Models (MTM) which combines the advantages of existing cell models: BTM and CTM. This class contains the models 2MTM, 3MTM-V, and 3MTM+V depending on the number of metal layers and the permissibility of vias in over-the-cell areas. In MTM, two rows of terminals are located in the middle of the cell. This partitions over-the-cell area into three regions and allows allocation of more nets to over-the-cell area in congested channels. We prove that when vias are allowed over-the-cell, in "almost all" cases the MTM based layouts …

An Integrated Simulation Model Development Environment For Slam Ii Using Object-Oriented Paradigm, Rizvan Erol

Masters Theses

An integrated simulation model development environment was implemented to assist the modeler by automating certain activities of simulation modeling. The system included interactive model definition, experimental design, automatic simulation program generation in SLAM II. Object-oriented paradigm at software development stage was extensively used to conceptualize the structure, and rules of the SLAM II language in order to generate efficient, and modular program code. The present system targeted modeling of various probabilistic inventory control system problems. The remarkable advantages of the system were rapid model development time, and achieving reliable program code without requiring any knowledge in SLAM II. Object-oriented programming …

A Computer Simulation Of The Rotary Vacuum Filter Brown Stock Washing System Using Distribution Sampling, Edison G. Yiu

Masters Theses

A probabilistic model was utilized to simulate the brown stock washing system's error due to process variability and measurement noise. Mass balances of the washing system were performed using distribution sampling. This model relies on a nonlinear relationship between displacement and dilution, which permitted the generation of displacement ratio based upon wash liquor ratio. Experimental trials were performed on a pilotscale rotary vacuum single-stage washer. Nonlinear first-order relationship appears to characterize a pilotscale washer adequately. Differences were observed between the means and standard deviations of the measured results compared to the simulation output. Future work is needed to identify the …

Prediction Of Paper Color: A Process Simulation Approach, Mayank Chaturvedi

Masters Theses

A simulation model was developed for a dye mixing process and for the prediction of the optical properties of the paper. The model was integrated with the MAPPS (Modular Analysis of Pulp and Paper Systems) simulation software package. The model was validated using dyed handsheets made in a laboratory and dyed paper made on a pilot papermachine. Validation comprised of prediction of the optical properties of the handsheets and the machine-made paper which contained various combinations of three non-fluorescent dyes. Sheet reflectances were predicted at 20 nanometer intervals for discrete light wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers and verified …

On Planar Routing Of Multi-Terminal Nets In Vlsi Physical Design, Jahangir A. Hashmi

Masters Theses

In this thesis, we study two problems related to the physical design of VLSI circuits. One problem is related to the VLSI global routing and the other is related to the detailed routing in a bounded region.

We consider the routing of multiple multi-terminal nets on a single layer. We suggest a new approach for this problem. Our approach is based on simultaneously finding a forest of k non-intersecting spanning trees. We present an O(n^3) algorithm for finding two spanning trees corresponding to two nets on a single layer.

We also study the problem of finding a minimum Steiner tree …

Structural, Depositional, And Diagenetic Controls On Reservoir Development: St. Peter Sandstone, Newaygo County, Michigan, Mark S. Caldwell

Masters Theses

Enhanced reservoir quality in the Middle Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone is observed in gas bearing zones in wells located on domal structures. Geometry and degree of this enhanced porosity development is the result of the interplay of structural, depositional, and diagenetic controls. An integrated subsurface study of the Woodville/Goodwell field area was performed in order to document controls on hydrocarbon accumulation.

Recurrent structural growth of domal features throughout the Paleozoic is well documented by isopach mapping. Burial and thermal history studies indicate that hydrocarbons were generated in Ordovician aged source rocks during late Devonian to early Mississippian time, and accumulated …

Inhibited Spontaneous Emission By Photonic Band Gaps In A Square Lattice Of Periodic Dielectric Medium, Abdullah Al-Ghamdi

Masters Theses

The concepts of band theory for electrons can be employed to describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves propagating in two-dimensional, periodic dielectric structures. These two-dimensional, periodic structures can produce photonic band gaps in which the spontaneous emission by atoms embedded in the structure is prohibited and as a result the performance of many semiconductor devices can be enhanced. The calculations are based on finding the eigenvalues of the algebraic equation for the frequencies of electromagnetic waves moving in a square lattice composed of square dielectric rods with different dielectric constants.

Reactivities Of Some Aromatic Compounds At Supercritical Water Conditions, Chun-Cheng Tsao

Masters Theses

The goals of this study are the removal of nitrogen from the extraction products of coal by Supercritical Water and the development of an understanding of the reactions leading to this removal. Six model compounds with structures similar to the intermediates of the coal liquefaction processes were studied. Benzylamine generated toluene through hydrogen abstraction after the C-N bond rupture. To a lesser extent, the oxidation of the benzylic carbon took place leading to benzene formation. Both reaction pathways occurred with equal probability for benzylidenebenzylamine, producing comparable yields of benzene and toluene. Benzaldehyde generated benzene through the oxidation/decarboxylation sequence. Benzyl alcohol …

Sedimentology Of The Bedford-Berea Sequence (Early Mississippian), Williams Field, Michigan, David Alan Balthazor

Masters Theses

The Berea Sandstone has produced in excess of 1.6 million barrels of oil in the Williams field since discovery in 1980. Seven lithofacies are identified from conventional core in the Bedford-Berea sequence. These facies are interpreted as deltaic deposits comprising prodelta (Bedford Shale), delta front, destructive marine shale, abandoned distributary channel-fill, interdistributary bay-fill, transgressive marine sandstone, and marine shale (Sunbury Shale) facies. Passive channel-fill facies truncate reservoir sandstone bodies and compartmentalize the field NW-SE across the trend of the northwestplunging anticline.

The two reservoir facies in the Williams field are the delta front and transgressive marine sandstones. The sandstone framework …

Mocad: A Graphic Predetermined Time Standards Software For The Ibm P.C., Raad A. Dawood

Masters Theses

MODCAD is a software program designed to give MODAPTS (MODular Arrangement of Predetermined Time Standards) the capability to generate workplace layouts that can be used in conjunction with the time study analysis. Software packages have been developed for MODAPTS such as MODAPTS Plus and Task Master that allow the user to input the predetermined codes of MODAPTS.

AutoCAD (a computer aided design software) is used to combine MODAPTS codes and workplace layout drawings in a single environment by customizing the standard AutoCAD menus and icons to include the MODAPTS codes and routines. AutoLisp (AutoCAD resident language) is used to write …

The Relationship Of Pore Volume And Pore Size Distribution To The Development Of Gloss And Scattering Coefficient, John A. Cook

Masters Theses

This study describes in a quantitative manner the relationships between coating structure and optical properties. Gloss, scattering coefficient and void volume were measured after applying different blends of polystyrene spheres to mylar film. Each coating was modeled using large spherical particles of the same size ratios to measure pore size distribution. The coating structure followed well with theoretical packing characteristics of spheres. Optical properties were related to changes in coating structure. Scattering coefficient and gloss correlated better with pore size distribution than particle size. Gloss increased when total void volume was reduced, while the scattering coefficient decreased.

Theoretical Thermodynamic Properties Of Low Temperature Fluids, Zul Azhar Zahid Jamal

Masters Theses

The thermodynamic functions for low temperature fluids are computed using parametric integral equations and perturbation theory. Parametric integral equation N is applied to a low temperature Lennard-Jones gas. It is found that there is no significant improvement over the better known parametric integral equation C. The two parameter integral equation T is applied to a low temperature square-well potential and is found to be unsatisfactory at reduced temperatures of T*= 1.4 and 1.6, but quite accurate at T* = 2.2. The equation T results for T* = 2.2 are used as the reference system in perturbation theory computations. Tables of …

Development Of An Integrated Program Of Water Reuse In A Pulp And Paper Mill, Zafar M. Chaudhri

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Estimation Of Regional Trends In Gravity Using Gram Orthogonal Polynomials, Stanley Dean Thompson

Masters Theses

"A computer program is presented which estimates the trend in a rectangular array of gravity measurements. It is assumed that the regional trend of gravity may be estimated by a low-order polynomial. The method of least-squares is applied to solve for the low-order polynomial which best approximates this trend. Gram orthogonal polynomials are used in the solution of this least-squares surface fit. The program is tested on a known polynomial and on some hypothetical Bouguer gravity data and found to approximate the ʺregional trend of gravity in these cases. The importance of eliminating any significant noise in the observations before …

Two-Dimensional Seismic Model Studies, Joong Hee Chun

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this research was to design and construct apparatus suitable for two-dimensional seismic model studies.

A new technique for two-dimensional seismic model testing was devised which allows wide application of the equipment. This enabled the author to place the source and receiver in any desired position on the model, thereby permitting the recording of seismic events as function of distance and depth at any position

Two simple geometric models were tested to demonstrate the experimental range of the apparatus designed. The recorded data were compared with theoretical predictions and were found to be in good agreement"--Abstract, page ii.

A Mathematical Study Of Voigt Viscoelastic Love Wave Propagation, David Nuse Peacock

Masters Theses

"This research is a mathematical investigation of the propagation of a Love wave in a Voigt viscoelastic medium. A solution to the partial differential equation of motion is assumed and is shown to satisfy the three necessary boundary conditions. Velocity restrictions on the wave and the media are developed and are shown to be of the same form as those governing the elastic Love wave"--Abstract, page ii.

Water Resources Development -- An Analysis Of Economic Justification Practices Of The Corps Of Engineers, Kerwood W. Barrand

Masters Theses

"Presented herein is a brief analysis of the economic justification practices of the Corps of Engineers as commonly implemented in proposals concerning water resources projects. Where applicable, recommended methods are compared to similar methods advocated for, and accepted by, private engineering firms in similar situations.

The major problem exists in the lack of a profit motive in programs undertaken with the use of public funds. However, a profit can be said to have been realized in public works programs if the total benefits of the programs to all the people exceed the costs of these programs and, further, if the …

A Calorimetric Investigation Of Zirconium, Titanium, And Zirconium Alloys From 60 To 960°C, James L. Scott

Masters Theses

Structural materials for nuclear reactors must meet three stringent conditions: they must have adequate mechanical properties at the operating temperature, they must be corrosion resistant to the heat transfer medium (air, water, or alkali metals), and they must not absorb neutrons excessively. This last requirement is a particularly stringent one, for it is met by only four accessible metals: aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, and zirconium, as Table I shows.

For reactors which operate at low temperatures, aluminum serves as an excellent constructional material, but it cannot be used for more efficient high-temperature reactors, because of its low elevated temperature strength associated …

A Study Of The Effect Of Jointing On The Blasting Of Granite, Graniteville, Missouri, Avery Ala Drake

Masters Theses

"Purpose of investigation: The purpose of this investigation is to attempt to determine the influence that joints exert upon the blasting of granite and if joints are induced by blasting. The problem grew out of an explosive evaluation project that was conducted by the Mining Department, Missouri School of Mines. In late May 1950, the project was moved into the granite area near Graniteville, Missouri. It became apparent upon study of this area that the jointing would have certain effects upon the results obtained. Dr. J. D. Forrester, Chairman, Department of Mining Engineering, Missouri School of Mines, Rolla, Missouri, suggested …