Engineering Commons^™

Influence Of Connection Placement To The Behavior Of Precast Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joint, Elly Tjahjono, Heru Purnomo

Makara Journal of Technology

Influence of Connection Placement to the Behavior of Precast Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joint. This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of connection placement to the behaviour of exterior beamcolumn joint of precast concrete structure under semi cyclic loading. Four half-scale beam-column specimens were investigated. Three beam-columns were jointed through connection that are placed in beam-column joint region and the forth is connected at the plastic hinge potensial region of the beam. Crack patterns, strength, stiffness and ductility of the test specimens have been evaluated. The test result indicated that all beam-column specimens show good ductility behavior.

The Effects Of Influent Debit On Hydrodynamic Characteristic Of Bojongsoang Facultative Pond: Without Wind Effects, Rositayanti Hadisoebroto, Suprihanto Notodarmojo

Makara Journal of Technology

The Effects of Influent Debit on Hydrodynamic Characteristic of Bojongsoang Facultative Pond: Without Wind Effects. The performance of facultative pond in Bojongsoang WWTP have reported to be unstable. One of the cause of the unstable performance is the hydrodynamic characteristics that not met the criterion. The improper hydrodynamic characteristics are included the existence of dead-zone, the short-circuiting, and the turbulence due to eddy current. The study was to analyze the effect of the influent debit variation on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the pond using mathematical model. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was built from two hydrodynamic equations which are continuity and …

Optic Properties On Aggase2 Polycristal Fabrication, A. Harsono Soepardjo, I Dewa Made Janusetiawan

Makara Journal of Technology

Optic Properties on AgGaSe2 Polycristal Fabrication. Polycristal AgGaSe2, is compound (I-III-VI2) a semiconductor as basic material for thin film for solar cell. Polycristal was succesfully grown using Bridgmann Method, heated on sequential temperature treatment until 850°C and cooled down slowly until room temperature. Results observed were in the form of ingot (bars) with more or less 3 cm length and 13 mm in diameter. By using X-Ray Fefraction, composition obtained of each element (weight %) was Ag = 29,3996 %, Ga = 36,8123 % and Se = 30,29 % while using X-Ray Difraction lattice parameter obtained/calculated a = 4,4112 Å, …

Modelling And Simulation Of Packed Bed Catalytic Converter For Oxidation Of Soot In Diesel Powered Vehicles Flue Gas, Mohammad Nasikin, Praswasti P.D.K. Wulan, Vita Andrianty

Makara Journal of Technology

Modelling and Simulation of Packed Bed Catalytic Converter for Oxidation of Soot in Diesel Powered Vehicles Flue Gas. Diesel vehicle is used in Indonesia in very big number. This vehicle exhausts pollutants especially diesel soot that can be reduces by using a catalytic converter to convert the soot to CO2. To obtain the optimal dimension of catalytic converter it is needed a model that can represent the profile of soot weight, temperature and pressure along the catalytic converter. In this study, a model is developed for packed bed catalytic converter in an adiabatic condition based on a kinetic study that …

Fuel Injection System For One Cylinder Motor Cycle Engine, Bambang Sugiarto

Makara Journal of Technology

Fuel Injection System for One Cylinder Motor Cycle Engine. Fuel injection has been developed for many years. But its common application is limited on car’s engine. With many reason fuel injection systems in motorcycle one cylinder engine has not been widely used yet. Fuel Injection System allows the amount of fuel, injected to be controlled appropriate to engine parameters such as engine speed, amount of air inducted to cylinder, temperature, for each cycle, over the entire engine operating conditions. This fuel injection research is done to find out the Volumetric Efficiency of the intake manifold system, the amount of fuel …

2004 Supplement To The Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Prescriptive Method For One And Two Family Dwellings, 2001 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Aisi Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – General Provisions, 2004 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Commentary. With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is …

Aisi Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Wall Stud Design, 2004 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Commentary. With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is …

Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – General Provisions, 2004 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Commentary.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is …

2004 Supplement To The Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing Prescriptive - Method For One And Two Family Dwellings, 2001 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Commentary.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is …

Commentary On The Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing Prescriptive Method For One And Two Family Dwellings, 2001 Edition With 2004 Supplement, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is anticipated that AISI will publish updates of …

Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing -- Prescriptive Method For One And Two Family Dwellings, 2001 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is anticipated that AISI will publish updates of …

Standard For Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Wall Stud Design, 2004 Edition, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The material contained herein has been developed by the American Iron and Steel Institute Committee on Framing Standards. The Committee has made a diligent effort to present accurate, reliable, and useful information on cold-formed steel framing design and installation. The Committee acknowledges and is grateful for the contributions of the numerous researchers, engineers, and others who have contributed to the body of knowledge on the subject. Specific references are included in the Commentary.

With anticipated improvements in understanding of the behavior of cold-formed steel framing and the continuing development of new technology, this material may eventually become dated. It is …

Behavior Of Complex Hat Shapes Used As Truss Chord Members, Nuthaporn Nuttayasakul, W. Samuel Easterling

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed steel roof truss systems that use complex hat shape members for both top and bottom chord elements are a growing trend in the North America steel framing industry. When designing cold-formed steel sections, a structural engineer typically tries to improve the local buckling behavior of the coldformed steel elements. The complex hat shape has proven to limit the negative influence of local buckling. However, a distortional buckling mode can be the control mode of failure in the design for the chord member with an intermediate un-braced length. The chord member may be subjected to both bending and compressive load …

Cold-Formed Steel Examples To The Theory And Finite Element Implementation Of Plasticity, Herm Hofmeyer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper presents two examples to the theory and finite element implementation of plasticity. The first example is on the cross-sectional behavior of trapezoidal sheeting subjected to a concentrated load. It is shown that the number of elements (and thus the number of integration points) along the comer radius are important for the correct modeling of this static problem. The second example is on the failure of first-generation sheeting subjected to a concentrated load and a bending moment. This problem, especially for large span lengths, can be solved only with explicit dynamic simulations. These are, for our research field, for …

Channel Section Beams Under Static And Impact Loading, J. Rhodes, M. Macdonald

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The elasto-plastic behaviour of plain channel section beams under central point loading is investigated under static and impact loading conditions. Two different loading set-ups are considered, the first in which the load is applied to cause compression at the flange free edges and the second in which the load is applied to cause tension at the flange free edges. For each of these load set-ups static loading tests, single impact loading tests and multiple impact loading tests are carried out on a total of 86 channel beams. The energy absorption behaviour of the beams tested is examined and the static …

Initial Geometrical Imperfections In Three-Storey Modular Steel Scaffolds, W. K. Yu, K. F. Chung, S. L. Chan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Modular steel scaffolds are commonly used as supporting scaffolds in building construction. They are highly susceptible to global and local instability, and traditionally, the load carrying capacities of these scaffolds are obtained from limited full-scale tests with little rational design. Structural failure of these scaffolds occurs from time to time due to inadequate design, poor installation and over-loads on sites. Initial geometrical imperfections are considered to be very important to the structural behaviour of multi-storey modular steel scaffolds. This paper presents an extensive numerical investigation on three different approaches in analyzing and designing multi-story modular steel scaffolds, namely, a) Notional …

Shear Stiffness Of Pallet Rack Upright Frames, S. Sambasiva Rao, R. G. Beale, M. H. R. Godley

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

PaIIet racks, often fabricated using cold-formed steel, are used for the storage of goods. Uprights of these racks are braced in the cross-aisle direction forming a frame, which behaves like a built-up column. Evaluation of the shear stiffness of this frame is needed to determine the buckling load. Currently two approaches prevail in the rack industry to determine the shear stiffness. The RMI code uses a theoretical formula and the FEM code requires testing. There is a considerable difference in the stiffness values determined by two approaches. The present paper describes experimental and numerical studies conducted at Oxford Brookes University …

Tests Of Storage Rack Channel Columns With Rear Flanges, Nabil Abdel-Rahman, Ashraf Fadel, Mohamed Ei-Sadaawy, Sherif Mourad

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

An experimental study was performed to investigate the ultimate strength and modes of failure of axially loaded channel rack columns with rear flanges. A total of 16 column specimens fabricated by press-brake forming method were tested up to failure. The material properties of the column specimens were determined using standard tensile coupon tests. The deformation and stress behavior of the tested columns were monitored using displacement transducers and strain gauges. The effects of column slenderness ratio, thickness, perforation, and end conditions on the column ultimate strength and mode of failure were studied. The test failure loads were compared to the …

Introduction To The Theory And Finite Element Implementation Of (Steel) Plasticity, Herm Hofmeyer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper tries to enlighten the subject of (numerical) plasticity by presenting fundamental theory and some very practical examples. For a two-dimensional plain stress state, a Hubert-Henky yield criterion is derived. The flow rule is discussed, including an explanatory numerical example. The yield criteria and flow rule are theoretically applied in a four node finite element. This element is used to show some of the conditions and limitations of a plastic calculation in the finite element method. Finally, a real finite element calculation is made for illustrating the theory derived.

Ultimate Strength Of A Continuous Decking Of Cold-Drawn Low-Ductility High Strength Steel, A. Monayem Akhand, W. H. Wan Badaruzzaman, Kosai A. Sanjery

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Profiled decking of cold-drawn low-ductility high strength steel is a relatively new introduction to composite floor construction. This type of decking shows high sensitivity to distortional as well as local buckling. Prediction of ultimate strength of such decking in continuous configuration is not adequately covered in any of the analytical methods of modern day codes. Instead, due to inadequate guidance, various design codes currently apply additional restrictions on their design and use. The support moment-rotation and ultimate moment of resistance of such decking are the two most important parameters in designing such decking as continuous structure for the construction stage …

Web Crippling Of Cold Formed Steel Multi -Web Deck Sections Subjected To End One-Flange Loading, J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Presented in this paper are the results of a study where the web crippling capacity of multi-web deck sections subjected to End One-Flange loading (EOF) was investigated. A total of 148 tests were completed. New coefficients were established using the data from this study and any appropriate data from previous work. New resistance factors and factors of safety were also established. Also investigated in this study was the web crippling capacity of partially fastened deck sections and re-entrant deck type sections subjected to EOF loading. Seventy-seven (77) partially fastened multi-web decks and 36 re-entrant decks were tested in this study. …

Design Of Stainless Steel Sections Against Distortional Buckling, Maura Leece, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Current cold-formed stainless steel design codes for distortional buckling, including the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4673 (2001) and the North American ASCE (2002), have been based on cold-formed carbon steel codes without the support or corroboration of experimental evidence. As such, an experimental program on the distortional buckling of axially compressed, cold-formed stainless steel simple lipped channels and lipped channels with intermediate stiffeners was conducted. Results show that the effect of stainless steel material non-linearity is partially negated by the strength-enhanced corners, and this becomes evident in the design evaluation. Both the effective width and the "direct strength" (ASINZS 4600 …

Experimental Investigation Of Distortional Buckling Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Sections, Maura Leece, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper describes the experimental investigation of the distortional buckling of thin-walled stainless steel sections in compression. Austenitic 304, ferritic 430 stainless steel and ferritic-like 3Crl2 chromium weldable steel sheets were brake-pressed into simple-lipped channels and simple-lipped channels with intermediate stiffeners. A comprehensive procedure to determine the mechanical properties of stainless steel material is described. A total of 19 distortional tests failed at stresses greater than the proportionality stress, and hence were influenced by material non-linearity. Data required to assess current design guidelines in place for distortional buckling of stainless steel compression members are provided herein.

Material Properties Of Cold-Formed High Strength Stainless Steel Tubular Sections, Ben Young, Wing-Man Lui

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper presents the behaviour of cold-formed high strength stainless steel sections. The test specimens were cold-rolled from flat strips of duplex and high strength austenitic stainless steel. The material properties of high strength stainless steel square and rectangular hollow sections were determined. Tensile coupons at different locations in cross-section were tested. Hence, the distributions of 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength measured in the cross-section of cold-formed high strength stainless steel sections were plotted. The material properties of the complete cross-section in the cold-worked state were also obtained from stub column tests. Detailed measurements of initial local geometric imperfections …

Design Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Sections With Single Web Subjected To Web Crippling, Feng Zhou, Ben Young

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

An experimental investigation of cold-formed stainless steel hollow sections subjected to web crippling is presented in this paper. Tests were conducted on square and rectangular hollow sections of austenitic stainless steel type 304. Tensile and compression coupon tests were performed to obtain the longitudinal tension and transverse compression material properties. The web crippling tests were conducted under two loading conditions for End-Two-Flange (ETF) and Interior-Two-Flange (ITF) specified in the current American Specification and Australian/New Zealand Standard for cold-formed stainless steel structures. The test strengths obtained from this study and the test strengths of stainless steel lipped channel sections under End-One-Flange …

Stainless Steel Stub Columns Subject To Combined Bending And Axial Loading, M. Macdonald, J. Rhodes

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Stainless steel exhibits highly non-linear behaviour, and in the case of short column structural members, this can lead to substantial conservatism in the prediction of load capacity by design codes due to their use of the 0.2% proof stress as an upper limit of capacity. This paper examines the behaviour of short stainless steel stub columns in which the material follows a Ramberg-Osgood type of stress-strain law. The column length is varied to examine the effects on the load capacity when the column is subjected to varying magnitudes of combined bending and axial compression loading. The loading is applied as …

Strength Of Screw Connections Subject To Shear Force, Michael Rotimi Babalola, Roger A. Laboube

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Engineering Mechanics Instructional Multimedia In A Variety Of Instructional Settings, Richard H. Hall, Nancy Hubing, Timothy A. Philpot, Ralph E. Flori, Vikas Yellamraju

Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works

Students from Ten Schools, Representing Seven Countries, Used Interactive Multimedia as a Part of their Engineering Statics Classes. the Software Consisted of Four Modules, Which Focused On: Mohr's Circle; Centroid and Moment of Inertia; Stress Transformation; and Structural Analysis. the Students Completed On-Line Surveys About their Experience with the Software. Analysis of the Results Indicated that Students Rated their Knowledge of the Subject Matter Covered in the Software as Increasing Significantly as a Consequence of using the Software. However, This Increase Was Substantially More Pronounced for Students in U.S. Schools. Students Rated the Software as Significantly More Effective Than their …

Bracing Requirements Of Cfs Cee-Studs Subjected, Perry S. Green, Thomas Sputo, Viswanath Urala

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.