Engineering Commons^™

Quantifying Impact Of Cyber Actions On Missions Or Business Processes: A Multilayer Propagative Approach, Unal Tatar

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Ensuring the security of cyberspace is one of the most significant challenges of the modern world because of its complexity. As the cyber environment is getting more integrated with the real world, the direct impact of cybersecurity problems on actual business frequently occur. Therefore, operational and strategic decision makers in particular need to understand the cyber environment and its potential impact on business. Cyber risk has become a top agenda item for businesses all over the world and is listed as one of the most serious global risks with significant financial implications for businesses.

Risk analysis is one of the …

Development And Initial Evaluation Of A Reinforced Cue Detection Model To Assess Situation Awareness In Commercial Aircraft Cockpits, Aysen K. Taylor

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Commercial transport aircraft of today vary greatly from early aircraft with regards to how the aircraft are controlled and the feedback provided from the machine to the human operator. Over time, as avionics systems became more automated, pilots had less direct control over their aircraft. Much research exists in the literature about automation issues, and several major accidents over the last twenty years spurred interest about how to maintain the benefits of automation while improving the overall human-machine interaction as the pilot is considered the last line of defense.

An important reason for maintaining or even improving overall pilot situation …

Embedded Fault Class Detection Methodology For Condition-Based Machine Monitoring And Predictive Maintenance, Nagdev Amruthnath

Dissertations

Ever since the Second Industrial Revolution, manufacturing firms have continuously been working on minimizing the inefficiencies and maximizing the productivity of their system. This objective led to the creation of the Toyota Production System which follows the motto of “making [the] highest quality products at the least cost in the shortest lead time. (Ohno, 1988)” This philosophy is widely recognized and is utilized by various industries today.

Currently, we are going through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (also called, Industry 4.0) where internet technologies are utilized to additionally maximize the productivity in the production processes. Process synchronization is one of the …

Fracture Toughness And Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Characterization Of Inconel 718 Formed By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Charles C. Hohnbaum

Theses and Dissertations

Continuing improvement in the field of AM of metals provides the opportunity for direct fabrication of aerospace parts. AM was once used in large part for rapid prototyping but improvements in technology and increases in the knowledge base of AM materials has provided the opportunity for manufacture of AM parts for operational use. The ability to create low numbers of unique parts without having to invest in expensive tooling provides great economic incentive to utilize this technique. IN718 is the most common high temperature alloy used in the aerospace industry and lends itself readily to formation by LPBF. The superior …

Weld Penetration Identification Based On Convolutional Neural Network, Chao Li

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Weld joint penetration determination is the key factor in welding process control area. Not only has it directly affected the weld joint mechanical properties, like fatigue for example. It also requires much of human intelligence, which either complex modeling or rich of welding experience. Therefore, weld penetration status identification has become the obstacle for intelligent welding system. In this dissertation, an innovative method has been proposed to detect the weld joint penetration status using machine-learning algorithms.

A GTAW welding system is firstly built. Project a dot-structured laser pattern onto the weld pool surface during welding process, the reflected laser pattern …

Desarrollo De Un Producto Nuevo Y Sus Procesos Con Base En La Transformación Artesanal De La Caña De Azúcar En La Vereda Lagunilla Del Municipio De Tarqui-Huila, Claudia Patricia Gordo Trujillo, Luz Alejandra Grosso Galindo

Ingeniería Industrial

El desarrollo de este proyecto se lleva a cabo en la vereda Lagunilla del municipio de Tarqui-Huila, con la participación de cinco familias productoras de caña de azúcar, quienes cultivan un área de 5 hectáreas, destinadas exclusivamente a la producción de panela y a su comercialización en el municipio de Tarqui – Huila y regiones aledañas. Estas dos condiciones: un único producto derivado de la caña de azúcar y la comercialización limitada nos ha llevado al objetivo principal de este proyecto: desarrollar un nuevo producto derivado de la caña de azúcar, que genere ingresos adicionales a las familias vinculadas y …

Desarrollo Del Proceso De Transformación De Un Producto Derivado De La Piña Golden Cultivada Orgánicamente En El Corregimiento De Mingueo, Dibulla, La Guajira, María Fernanda Pulido López, Helbert Andrés Valencia Betancourt

Ingeniería Industrial

En el corregimiento de Mingueo, Dibulla, La Guajira, la Asociación ASOREAGRO se encarga de promover el desarrollo y progreso en su comunidad, representar y apoyar a sus productores quienes tienen una pequeña superficie de cultivo, el cual no es consumido en su completa y evidencia ausencia de transformación y evolución, ocasionando un gran desperdicio de cultivo. Partiendo de esta problemática el proyecto consiste en la transformación de la piña Golden por medio de procesos de fabricación a baja escala, llevados a cabo por los integrantes del grupo de proyecto, teniendo como base la metodología de PRODINTEC, donde antes de obtener …

Evaluación De La Eficiencia Relativa En La Producción De Café En Huila Colombia, Utilizando Análisis Envolvente De Datos, Ana María Castillo Pastrana, Carol Paola Escobar Cadena

Ingeniería Industrial

Este proyecto utiliza Análisis Envolvente de Datos, DEA, para comparar la eficiencia relativa de los cultivos de café en treinta y cinco municipios del departamento del Huila, Colombia, teniendo en cuenta variables de entrada como las climáticas, área sembrada, propiedades del suelo, malla vial pavimentada y no pavimentada, y de salida tales como área cosechada y producción. Con base en los resultados obtenidos de los distintos modelos CCR y BCC, se busca poder identificar posibles causas de ineficiencia y plantear mejoras potenciales. Como primera fase se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía existente acerca de la evaluación de la eficiencia …

Levantamiento Del Proceso De Asignación De Citas Médicas En Un Contact Center Para El Área De Salud De La Ips Comfacundi, Camilo Andrés Salazar Castell

Ingeniería Industrial

Este documento presenta una propuesta para la implementación de un proceso documentado para el procedimiento de asignación de citas médicas para el Área de Salud de la Caja de Compensación Familiar de Cundinamarca “COMFACUNDI” a través de la alianza existente en el CER (Centro de Experiencia y Relacionamiento) que consiste en la unión temporal entre operadores y FEDECAJAS (Federación Nacional de Cajas de Compensación Familiar); De esta manera, el primer paso a seguir consiste en realizar un diagnóstico del proceso actual mediante entrevistas con trabajadores del contact center y de COMFACUNDI, así como uso de la documentación suministrada por las …

Comparación De Cuatro Métodos De Predicción Para Dos Acciones En La Bolsa De Valores De Colombia, María Angélica Rey Vesga, Juan Alfonso Chamorro Chamorro

Ingeniería Industrial

Los mercados de valores, más exactamente en su sección de títulos de renta variable, representan una alternativa de inversión donde tanto las organizaciones como los inversionistas se ven beneficiados, sin embargo, debido a su alto grado de variabilidad, las inversiones en este mercado conllevan un alto riesgo. Por tanto, la cuestión radical en la posibilidad de perder parte o la totalidad de la inversión. Es en este punto, donde los pronósticos adquieren un alto nivel de relevancia y el generar proyecciones anticipadas del futuro basadas en información histórica representa una clara ventaja, genera mayor claridad del panorama e incrementa la …

Caracterización De La Exactitud En Los Modelos Cinemáticos Del Robot Hp20d En Aplicaciones De Estibado Utilizando Diseño Experimental, Andrés Felipe Grimaldos Ortiz, Sandra Milena López Puentes, Lina María Sandoval Montaño

Ingeniería Industrial

En este proyecto se presenta la caracterización del desempeño de los modelos cinemáticos para el manipulador HP20D de Motoman, aplicado en un sistema de empaquetamiento automático. La función del módulo de cinemática se divide en dos partes: (1) Cinemática Directa y (2) Cinemática inversa; la caracterización de estos módulos se realiza bajo diseño experimental teniendo en cuenta dos (2) variables: exactitud del modelo cinemático directo y exactitud del modelo cinemático inverso. En la cinemática directa se tomó un modelo publicado, para investigar la incidencia de los factores posición y orientación de cámara sobre la exactitud en términos de la coordenada …

Understanding The Impact Of Virtual-Mirroring Based Learning On Collaboration In A Data And Analytics Function: A Resilience Perspective, Nabil Raad

Wayne State University Dissertations

Large multinational organizations are struggling to adapt and innovate in the face of increasing turbulence, uncertainty, and complexity. The lack of adaptive capacity is one of the major risks facing such organizations as the rapid change in technology, urbanization, socio-economic trends, and regulations continues to accelerate and outpace their ability to adapt. This is a resilience problem that organizations are addressing by investing in Data and Analytics to improve their innovation and competitive capabilities. However, Data and Analytics projects are more likely to fail than to succeed. Competing on data and analytics is not only a technical challenge but also …

Understanding The Relationship Of Innovation And Quality In A Fast-Changing Market: An Automotive Industry Perspective, Donna Leanne Bell

Wayne State University Dissertations

In a time when the consumer electronics industry is getting new products to market at a rapid rate, automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEM) must identify ways of getting new products and features to customers faster and with high quality to maintain or increase market share. This accelerated product development process requires a positive relationship between conceptual design and quality in order for a firm to have high performance in strategic areas innovation and quality. The purpose of this dissertation is to research the impact that quality practices have on the advanced product development process. Specifically, this research is focused on …

Modelo De Ruteo De Vehículos Para Disminuir Emisión De Material Particulado Generado Por Transporte De Carga: Empresa Del Sector Retail En Bogotá, Carolina Arévalo Alarcón, Rafael Antonio Rojas Romero

Ingeniería Industrial

En Colombia, la satisfacción de la demanda de productos básicos de la canasta familiar, así como de consumo personal, ha sido suplida en su mayoría por la industria retail. Nuevos formatos de venta como el “Hard Discount” han llegado al país, tales como D1, Ara y Justo y Bueno, que con una estrategia de expansión continua incrementan la oferta. Este formato de venta es sostenible cuando la oferta es constante, lo cual solo es posible con una planificación de distribución apropiada incrementando su complejidad. Esta planificación se puede asociar como un VRP donde están definidas ventanas de tiempo para el …

A Framework To Develop Anomaly Detection/Fault Isolation Architecture Using System Engineering Principles, Thomas Clark

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For critical systems, timely recognition of an anomalous condition immediately starts the evaluation process. For complex systems, isolating the fault to a component or subsystem results in corrective action sooner so that undesired consequences may be minimized. There are many unique anomaly detection and fault isolation capabilities available with innovative techniques to quickly discover an issue and identify the underlying problems. This research develops a framework to aid in the selection of appropriate anomaly detection and fault isolation technology to augment a given system. To optimize this process, the framework employs a model based systems engineering approach. Specifically, a SysML …

A Methodology For Data-Driven Decision-Making In Last Mile Delivery Operations, Edgar Gutierrez Franco

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Across all industries, from manufacturing to services, decision-makers must deal day to day with the outcomes from past and current decisions that affect their business. Last-mile delivery is the term used in supply chain management to describe the movement of goods from a hub to final destinations. This research proposes a methodology that supports decision making for the execution of last-mile delivery operations in a supply chain. This methodology offers diverse, hybrid, and complementary techniques (e.g., optimization, simulation, machine learning, and geographic information systems) to understand last-mile delivery operations through data-driven decision-making. The hybrid modeling might create better warning systems …

Investigation Of Chip-Form And Tool-Wear In Turning Of Hardened Af9628 Alloy Under Various Cooling And Lubrication Conditions, Jason Wolf

Theses and Dissertations--Manufacturing Systems Engineering

Next generation defense and commercial applications for structural steels require new alloys that eliminate or reduce critical elements from their composition to lower cost and improve manufacturability, while maintaining or exceeding high strength and toughness requirements. A new alloy, denoted as AF9628, has recently been developed for this purpose and its manufacturing characteristics and the material response in component manufacturing must be fully understood.

In the present study, hardened AF9628 alloy was turned with a coated carbide cutting tool under fixed cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut parameters. This work focuses on chip-form and tool-wear analysis to understand, …

Tracking System Design For A Production Warehouse Of Automobile Condensers, Kittisak Lertkajornkitti

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In order to survive in a harshly competitive market, a company needs to enhance not only its core operational efficiency but also the performance of other business functions, including the supportive ones. As such, in this thesis, we will explore how we could improve the performance of one important supportive operation in a Thai automobile condenser manufacturer, namely the warehousing process, using RFID tracking technology. RFID tracking technology is brought into consideration by the company’s management team due to its current warehousing issues, including inventory mismatch, inventory misplacement, and faulty delivery. We found that the root cause of these problems …

Strategic Supplier Selection:The Case Of International Food Trading Company, Natchanok Paramaporn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objective of the research project is to develop strategic supplier selection system for an international food trading company using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The products involved are canned food for worldwide export. The decision makers consist of a president and two marketing managers. The chosen decision criteria listed by weight of important are ‘Export Capability’ (54%), ’Pricing Policy’ (28%), ‘Technological Catch-up’ (10%), ‘Ethical Practices’ (5%), and ‘Environmental Management’ (3%). The sub-criteria chosen are ‘Number of Food Safety Certificate’ (54%), ‘Net Selling Price’ (23%), ‘Automation in Production Process’ (8%), ‘Payment Terms’ (5%), ‘Worker’s Safety and Health’ (4%), ‘Adverse Weather …

Preventive Measures For Project Schedule Control Of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant, Pakorn Prabhawong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objectives of this research are to analyse the construction critical paths of the combined cycle gas turbine power plant projects and to determine the delay preventive measures for project schedule control. First, the planned and actual construction schedules of the combined cycle gas turbine power plants have been studied and analysed to see their critical paths and also the near-critical path which could potentially become critical. Construction schedules of four power plants constructed in Thailand have been obtained and analysed. Their capacities and main equipment arrangement are summarized in Chapter 5.1. The common work breakdown structures have been set …

Quality Function Deployment For Service Quality Improvement In Co-Working Space Design, Patcharin Tanuphol

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Service is defined as the integration of the study, design and execution of service systems. Furthermore, the service-related activities are significant drivers in encouraging organization’s expertise as well as bringing together the mesh of organization, people, technologies and information in order to create value both to and with customers and stakeholders. Therefore, it is necessary for any organizations to understand the needs and provide satisfaction. This research aims to describe the application of quality function deployment for service quality improvement in co-working space design in an organization. The expected outcome of the research is the design framework which strategically specifies …

Big Data Analytics For Improving Customer Win-Back Rate In Townhome Segment, Warot Lilahajiva

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Thailand’s real-estate market is now facing with negative growth, where most developers are encountered with challenges in generating satisfactory revenue, particularly from new customers. In order to improve the revenue stream, customer win-back approach that focuses on current customers in the sales funnel and re-engages them by offering more attractive residential projects is therefore initiated. In particular, we focus on the development of predictive analytics model that potentially increases customer win-back rate by exploring the current databases, identifying significance for win-back (based on past performance), and testing the resulting predictions via several machine learning algorithms. The proposed method returns a …

Analyzing And Forecasting Online Tour Bookings Using Google Analytics Metrics, Jiaranai Awichanirost

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In today's world, the internet is growing fast and has revolutionized many business operations in the tourism industry. The tourism industry plays an important role in Thailand's GDP and is a great boost to the domestic economy. Most tour operators have created websites to be used as part of their business operations which are the main way to build relationships with customers and sales and hence make the website performance measurement an important strategic factor for online marketing. The objective of this research is to analyze the significant impact of Google Analytics metrics that is a measurement of website performance …

Affecting Factors On Perceived Usefulness Of Area-Business Continuity Management For Flood Case At Industrial Areas In Thailand, Kunruthai Meechang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The 2011 Thailand floods widely affected many parts in Thailand such as households, industry and agriculture. Especially, industrial areas were massively damaged by floods. Many factories had to stop their operations. Therefore, it severely impacted economic losses. Area-Business Continuity Management (Area-BCM) is a useful system supporting company mitigate flood effectively. Before the system is implemented, opinion survey of related people in an area is important. Therefore, this research aims to investigate factors affecting Perceived Usefulness (PU) of the Area-BCM. The model is proposed based on Technology Acceptance Model and flood mitigation behavior. The analysis results categorized the respondents into four …

Customer Churn Prediction For A Software-As-A-Service Inventory Management Company, Phongsatorn Amornvetchayakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This thesis proposes customer churn prediction model for a Software-as-a-Service inventory management company in Thailand. Software-as-a-Service is the fast growing and high market values industry as a new emerging online business. Customer churn is a critical measure for this business. Thus, this thesis focuses on seeking a customer churn prediction model specified for a Software-as-a-Service inventory management company in Thailand which is facing a high churn rate issue. This thesis executes the prediction models with four machine learning algorithms: logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree and random forest. The results show that the optimized decision tree model is capable …

Smes' Obstacles In Thailand: The Analysis Of The Association Between The Difference In Size, Sector, Region And The Problems That Occur In Business Operations, Phoom Traithaiteera

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand has increased these years. The objectives of this research were to identify obstacles in business operations and develop a guideline to promote and support SMEs in Thailand. The data was collected in the questionnaire; the respondents of this research are entrepreneurs entering the government services by the Department of Industrial Promotion between the years 2016 - 2018 with a total of 1,297 enterprises. This research used a chi-square test for independence to determine whether there is a significant association between the two variables. The results showed that the small sized …

A Study Of Factors Affecting To Long-Term Relationship Of Outsourcing, Thitiporn Katato

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

"Outsourcing" is very important for the organization's strategy to seek to reduce costs and specialize in a limited number of core areas. Thailand is known worldwide as a key outsourcing service provider. To know the factors affecting long-term relationship outsourcing are essential for the business continuities of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) providers in Thailand. Based on the literature review, this research proposes a model that cooperation, control, and improvement will affect performance and then further affects outsourcing long-term relationship. Using a data set collected from 322 questionnaire surveys through e-mails, and 200 sent to personal to test proposed hypotheses from …

Improvement Of Forex Pairs Trading Strategy With Machine Learning Algorithms, Ronnachai Jirapongpan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This thesis aims to study machine learning to improve the trading performance of pairs trading strategy. Pairs trading strategy is one of the most well-known algorithm trading developed in the 1980s by a group of scientists and mathematicians. The concept of the pairs trading strategy is to exploit the mispricing of two equities which their prices tend to move in the same manner. When the algorithm captures the mispricing behavior by equations or indicators, traders open a short position on the equity which its price is relatively higher than the equilibrium and open long position of the other equity. If …

การปรับความลึกในการตัด สำหรับชิ้นส่วนอากาศยาน, ชัชนก ขำแผลง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีเนื้อหาเกี่ยวกับการสึกหรอของเม็ดมีดคาร์ไบด์อันเนื่องมาจากกระบวนการกลึงอินโคเนล718 ซึ่งพบปัญหาว่าเมื่อผลิตงานอย่างต่อเนื่องจะทำให้ขนาดของชิ้นงานคลาดเคลื่อนไปตามอายุเม็ดมีดกลึงที่มากขึ้น ถึงแม้ว่าจะมีการปรับค่าความลึกในการกลึงของพนักงาน แต่การปรับค่าของพนักงานนี้ยังไม่ถูกต้องจึงทำให้เกิดของเสียมากมายจากกระบวนการนี้ ดังนั้นจุดประสงค์ของงานวิจัยนี้ คือ การหาค่าการปรับความลึกการกลึงที่ถูกต้องและทำให้ผลิตงานที่ดีได้ ซึ่งผลที่ได้จากการทดลอง คือ กราฟความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างระยะสึกของเม็ดมีดกลึงกับอายุของเม็ดมีดกลึงและค่าระยะสึกเม็ดมีดกลึงนี้สามารถนำมาใช้หาค่าการปรับความลึกได้ ซึ่งทำให้สามารถหากราฟความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการปรับความลึกของเม็ดมีดกลึงกับอายุของเม็ดมีดกลึง และค่านี้สามารถนำไปสร้างสมการการปรับความลึกการตัดในช่วงอายุของเม็ดมีดกลึงต่างๆได้ ซึ่งเมื่อนำค่าการปรับความลึกที่ได้จากสมการไปทดลองผลิตชิ้นงานพบว่าได้ชิ้นงานเป็นงานดีทั้งหมด และเมื่อนำขนาดชิ้นงานที่ผลิตด้วยการปรับลึกจากสมการมาคิดเปอร์เซ็นต์ความคลาดเคลื่อนและเปรียบเทียบขนาดชิ้นงานที่ผลิตด้วยการปรับลึกด้วยพนักงาน จะพบว่าวิธีการปรับลึกด้วยสมการได้ขนาดของชิ้นงานที่มีค่าความคลาดเคลื่อนที่น้อยกว่า โดยเปอร์เซ็นต์ความคลาดเคลื่อนที่มากที่สุดของค่าการปรับจากพนักงาน คือ 0.947 เปอร์เซ็นต์ แต่เปอร์เซ็นความคลาดเคลื่อนที่มากที่สุดของค่าการปรับจากสมการ คือ 0.168 เปอร์เซ็นต์

การบำรุงรักษาเชิงรุกสำหรับระบบเครื่องสูบน้ำดับเพลิงในท่าเรือและคลังปิโตรเคมี, ณภัทร บรรจงกิจ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพในการตรวจพบความผิดปกติของระบบเครื่องสูบน้ำดับเพลิงในท่าเทียบเรือและบริเวณถังเก็บปิโตรเคมีเหลว จากการวิเคราะห์หาสาเหตุพบว่าแผนการบำรุงรักษาที่มีอยู่เดิมนั้นยังขาดการตรวจพบความผิดปกติล่วงหน้าจึงส่งผลให้เกิดการขัดข้องของเครื่องสูบน้ำดับเพลิงในขณะฝึกซ้อมแผนฉุกเฉินรวม 18 ครั้งภายในระยะเวลาหนึ่งปี มีค่าความพร้อมใช้งานของเครื่องสูบน้ำดับเพลิงเพียง 65.4% ดังนั้นงานวิจัยนี้จึงได้สร้างแผนการบำรุงรักษาขึ้นใหม่ที่สามารถตรวจความผิดปกติและป้องกันการขัดข้องของเครื่องจักร โดยมีขั้นตอนในการดำเนินงานวิจัยมีดังนี้ 1) รวบรวมข้อมูลจำนวนครั้งและประวัติอาการขัดข้องเพื่อนำมาวิเคราะห์ปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นต่อไป 2) วิเคราะห์อาการขัดข้องและผลกระทบตามรูปแบบความเสียหายแยกตามประเภทของเครื่องจักร ประกอบไปด้วย มอเตอร์ไฟฟ้า เครื่องยนต์ดีเซล เครื่องสูบน้ำ 3) คัดเลือกวิธีการตรวจพบความผิดปกติที่เหมาะสมกับเครื่องมือ เทคโนโลยีและความรู้ความสามารถของพนักงานที่องค์กรมีอยู่ 4) กำหนดระยะเวลาที่เหมาะสมที่จะใช้ในการบำรุงรักษาเครื่องจักร 5) ปรับปรุงแผนการบำรุงรักษาเครื่องสูบน้ำดับเพลิง 6) ดำเนินการตามแผนการบำรุงรักษาต่าง ๆ และทำการประเมินผล ผลการดำเนินงานพบว่าสามารถตรวจจับอาการผิดปกติของระบบเครื่องสูบน้ำดับเพลิงได้ก่อนที่จะเกิดการขัดข้อง ส่งผลให้ระบบเครื่องสูบน้ำดับเพลิงมีความพร้อมใช้งานหนึ่งร้อยเปอร์เซ็นต์และจำนวนชั่วโมงในการบำรุงรักษาลดลง 18 เปอร์เซ็นต์