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Articles 1 - 30 of 351
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Sub-Surface Corrosion Research On Rock Bolt System, Perforated Ss Sheets And Steel Sets For The Yucca Mountain Repository, Dhanesh Chandra, Jaak J.K. Daemen, Jaime Gonzalez, Raymond Keeler, Amy J. Smiecinski
Sub-Surface Corrosion Research On Rock Bolt System, Perforated Ss Sheets And Steel Sets For The Yucca Mountain Repository, Dhanesh Chandra, Jaak J.K. Daemen, Jaime Gonzalez, Raymond Keeler, Amy J. Smiecinski
Publications (YM)
The objective of the proposed investigation is to conduct corrosion research and predict the durability of rock-bolts and other underground metallic roof supports. In critical areas, it is possible to use highly corrosion resistant steels for rock bolts at Yucca Mountain (YM) repository, as the steel rock bolts, as well as other materials such as Bernold type shields for tunnels at YM site [1-4]. In addition, there is propensity for stress corrosion cracking as well as hydrogen induced cracking in rock bolts likely to occur in YM repository emplacement under drift conditions. As corrosion of these materials for underground support …
Reclamations – Case Studies, Madhira R. Madhav, Norihiko Miura
Reclamations – Case Studies, Madhira R. Madhav, Norihiko Miura
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Increasing demands for urban water fronts and the need for continually operational airports coupled with shortages of land spaces has led to the growth of lands reclaimed from the near and off-shore regions of the world. Case histories of reclamations of recent times in the east, especially in Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, etc. are reviewed. The paper also reports the methods of reclamation, the improvement of reclaimed ground and examples of observed settlements in typical cases.
Non-Destructive Evaluation Of Deep Foundations, Frank Rausche
Non-Destructive Evaluation Of Deep Foundations, Frank Rausche
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) or Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of a great variety of materials and structures has become an integral part of many manufacturing processes. The same tendency towards more testing for improved quality assurance is also apparent in the deep foundation industry. However, the process of testing long piles, deeply embedded in the ground, is more complex than the NDE of other materials: the product can only be accessed from its smallest side and the material is often concrete or timber, which are rather heterogeneous materials with unreliable properties. The greatest difficulties, however, are presented by the intimate contact between …
Seismic Geotechnical Investigations Of Bridges In New York City, M. K. Yegian
Seismic Geotechnical Investigations Of Bridges In New York City, M. K. Yegian
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Seismic vulnerability assessment of a critical bridge is a major undertaking. Such an investigation may lead to requirements with respect to seismic retrofitting of an existing bridge or enhancement of the design of a new bridge, often at considerable cost. A safe and cost-effective new design or retrofit of a bridge requires the application of realistic evaluations at every step of the seismic analysis, in which geotechnical earthquake engineering should play an important role. Soil and site conditions can have important effects on not only the earthquake motions but also on the dynamic response of the soil-foundation-bridge system. This paper …
Impact Of Geographical Information Systems On Geotechnical Engineering, J. David Rogers, Ronaldo Luna
Impact Of Geographical Information Systems On Geotechnical Engineering, J. David Rogers, Ronaldo Luna
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Over the last four decades Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as the predominant medium for graphic representation of geospatial data, including geotechnical, geologic and hydrologic information routinely used by geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineers. GIS allow unlimited forms of spatial data to be co-mingled, weighted and sorted with any number of physical or environmental factors. These data can also be combined with weighted political and aesthetic values to create hybrid graphic products capable of swaying public perceptions and decision making. The downside of some GIS products is that their apparent efficacy and crispness can also be deceptive, if data of …
Local Geology Of New York City And Its Effect On Seismic Ground Motions, Sissy Nikolaou
Local Geology Of New York City And Its Effect On Seismic Ground Motions, Sissy Nikolaou
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A thorough understanding of the local geologic and tectonic environment, the seismological history as well as very detailed site specific geotechnical and geophysical data are essential to the proper prediction of local site effects and seismic design in New York City (NYC). The site response in the NYC metropolitan area is affected by the widely varying geologic conditions encountered in the five boroughs. Along the spine of Manhattan Island rock extends well above sea level at the northern reaches, and falls to depths in excess of 250 m at the barrier islands at the southern extremities of NYC. Large areas …
Restoration Of Path Service To Lower Manhattan, Raymond E. Sandiford, Samuel Leifer, Mark Mcneilly
Restoration Of Path Service To Lower Manhattan, Raymond E. Sandiford, Samuel Leifer, Mark Mcneilly
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
When the World Trade Center was destroyed the transit link connecting Lower Manhattan and New Jersey, the Port Authority’s Trans Hudson system or PATH, was cut. The PATH station, which was located beneath the WTC, was destroyed, the two tunnels under the Hudson River were flooded, and the first PATH station in New Jersey was rendered useless for train movements. Immediately after Sept 11, the re-establishment of the downtown PATH service was identified as a key element in the revitalization of Lower Manhattan. The re-establishment of PATH service required that three elements of major construction be completed. These were the …
Forensic Engineering In Applied Civil Engineering And Geo-Domain, D. S. Saxena
Forensic Engineering In Applied Civil Engineering And Geo-Domain, D. S. Saxena
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The new discipline that deals with investigation of failures and performance problems in the built environment is known as Forensic Engineering. While forensic civil engineering is a well established science, forensic geotechnical engineering is a relatively new discipline. It involves scientific and jurisprudence related investigations and evaluation to analyze the causes/process of structural distress that originates from geo-domain. Forensics in geo-domain encompasses an extensive array of topics with general emphasis in civil engineering and specific emphasis in geotechnical and related fields having geological, geophysical, geoenvironmental, and structural applications. Mostly it applies to failures after they occur when their application has …
The Observational Method – Learning From Projects, Alan Powderham
The Observational Method – Learning From Projects, Alan Powderham
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Simplicity is at the heart of the observational method.1,2 Its basis is straightforward and it is an inherently natural approach to address uncertainty. The focus on prediction, monitoring, feedback, and teamwork also creates a strong opportunity for learning. Applications typically involve underground construction and temporary works. The objectives are to save cost or time while maintaining an acceptable level of safety. Application of the method was pioneered by Terzaghi and the principles were formally set down by Peck3 in his 1969 Rankine lecture. Possible modes of failure must be carefully assessed and controlled – particularly those of a sudden or …
Preliminary Observations Of Geotechnical Failures During The 21 May 2003 M 6.8 Boumerdes, Earthquake, Algeria, Said Salah-Mars, Clark Fenton, Fouad Bendimerad, Abdeldjelil Belarbi, Yumei Wang
Preliminary Observations Of Geotechnical Failures During The 21 May 2003 M 6.8 Boumerdes, Earthquake, Algeria, Said Salah-Mars, Clark Fenton, Fouad Bendimerad, Abdeldjelil Belarbi, Yumei Wang
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
At 18:44 UTC (19:44 local time) on May 21, 2003, a strong, shallow earthquake of Moment Magnitude (M) 6.8 shook northern Algeria and caused damage in five provinces in the north-central section of the country. Damage was reported over an area about 100 km long and 35 km wide, centered on the city of Boumerdes. The hardest hit areas were in the coastal province of Boumerdes, mainly in the cities of Boumerdes, Zemmouri and Thenia. The earthquake appears to have been generated by an offshore south-dipping thrust fault oriented N54°E extending for about 35 km from Dellys to Corso. The …
Three Recent Damaging Earthquakes In Mexico, E. Ovando-Shelley, M. P. Romo
Three Recent Damaging Earthquakes In Mexico, E. Ovando-Shelley, M. P. Romo
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Seismicity in Mexico is largely influenced by subduction earthquakes that originate along much of its Pacific Coast. These events have recurrently damaged Mexico City but other less frequent earthquakes produced by other sources and mechanisms also contribute to seismic hazard there and have damaged other important cities and towns. In this paper we review, from the point of view of geotechnical engineering, the effects of three of these less frequent events: the Manzanillo earthquake of Octobrer 9, 1995, the Tehuacán Earthquake of June 6, 1999 and the Tecomán Earthquake of January 21, 2003.
Microzonation Studies For Delhi, Jabalpur & Dehradun As Impacted By Bhuj Earthquake, V. K. Mathur
Microzonation Studies For Delhi, Jabalpur & Dehradun As Impacted By Bhuj Earthquake, V. K. Mathur
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
History of earthquakes in our country demonstrate vulnerability to seismic hazards. The recent past, devastating earthquakes in urban areas in India causing heavy economical losses in terms of loss of life, property, disruption of services and damage to environment have been of great concern; the experiences have prompted to carry out in-depth studies and come out with solutions and policies which will go a long way in minimizing the damages caused by seismic ground motions. In this context, microzonation of urban areas have assumed new dimensions. Delhi, the capital city of India has a long seismic history and is being …
The Collapse Of Fukae (Hanshin Expressway) Bridge, Kobe, 1995: The Role Of Soil And Soil-Structure Interaction, George Mylonakis, Costis Syngros
The Collapse Of Fukae (Hanshin Expressway) Bridge, Kobe, 1995: The Role Of Soil And Soil-Structure Interaction, George Mylonakis, Costis Syngros
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper investigates the role of soil in the collapse of a 630m segment (Fukae section) of the elevated Hanshin Expressway during the severe Kobe earthquake of 1995. From a geotechnical viewpoint, the earthquake has been associated with extensive liquefactions (notably of reclaimed ground), lateral soil spreading, and damage to waterfront structures. However, there is evidence that soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) in non-liquefied ground played a detrimental role in the seismic performance of local structures, including the one under investigation. The bridge consisted of single circular concrete columns monolithically connected to a concrete deck, founded on pile groups in alluvium sand …
Recent Earthquakes In Japan, Susumu Iai, Tetsuo Tobita
Recent Earthquakes In Japan, Susumu Iai, Tetsuo Tobita
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper presents highlights of case histories during earthquakes in Japan in 2003. One is a river embankment of the Naruse river in Northern Miyagiken, in which the earthquake with Richter magnitude 6.2 caused failure. A particular interest in this case history is the timing of the earthquake and failure; the earthquake was coincided with the oncoming risk of flooding, with the river suffering a high water level due to continuous raining for three days before the earthquake. This warns us not to disregard the low probability event of combined risks that pose high consequence. The other case history is …
Rion – Antirion Bridge Foundations: A Blend Of Design And Construction Innovation, Gregory L. Biesiadecki, Ricardo Dobry, George E. Leventis, Ralph B. Peck
Rion – Antirion Bridge Foundations: A Blend Of Design And Construction Innovation, Gregory L. Biesiadecki, Ricardo Dobry, George E. Leventis, Ralph B. Peck
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This case history discusses the design and construction of the appropriate foundation scheme for the largest cable-stayed bridge in the world. This concession project was financed through a combination of public funds, private equity and bank loans. When completed in 2004, the Rion-Antirion Bridge will connect the Peloponnese, Greece’s southernmost peninsula, with the mainland across the Gulf of Corinth. Alternative foundation concepts that were considered included traditional driven piles, deeply embedded caissons, and soil improvement. The process of how the foundation evolved from schematics to final design, what were the driving forces, how ideas were disseminated among the Design Team, …
The Failure Of Teton Dam – A New Theory Based On "State Based Soil Mechanics", V. S. Pillai, V. Muhunthan, N. Sasiharan
The Failure Of Teton Dam – A New Theory Based On "State Based Soil Mechanics", V. S. Pillai, V. Muhunthan, N. Sasiharan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Teton Dam failed during its first filling on 5 June 1976. The 405-ft high dam was designed and built using modern standards; therefore its failure received considerable scrutiny from engineering experts. Failure mechanisms suggested, included hydraulic fracture, internal erosion, wet-seam theory, and defects in the abutment rock. None of the investigations, however, were able to explain satisfactorily why the dam breached when the reservoir reached EL.5301.7 ft and only in the vicinity of Sta. 14+00 on the right abutment. The investigation here is focused on this crucial aspect of the failure using the modern framework of fundamental “state based soil …
An Evaluation Of The Load-Displacement Behavior And Load Test Interpretation Of Micropiles In Rock, Andrew G. Cushing, Scott A. Stonecheck, Bradley D. Campbell, Scott D. Dodds
An Evaluation Of The Load-Displacement Behavior And Load Test Interpretation Of Micropiles In Rock, Andrew G. Cushing, Scott A. Stonecheck, Bradley D. Campbell, Scott D. Dodds
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper summarizes a series of never-before reported axial compression load tests conducted on single micropiles that are embedded in or constructed on rock. These data are augmented by load tests on similar micropiles that have been reported by others. The observed displacements at the maximum test load (QMAX) and reported unfactored design load (QDL) are summarized. In addition, the small-strain load-displacement behavior of these foundations is evaluated by comparing the initial tangent slope (IS) to the theoretical elastic slope (ES), which is calculated by modeling the micropile as a free-standing column exhibiting fully -composite behavior. The data demonstrate that …
Design Of Axially Loaded Bored Single Piles In The Czech Republic, Jan Masopust
Design Of Axially Loaded Bored Single Piles In The Czech Republic, Jan Masopust
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper deals with the design method of axially loaded bored single piles based on statistical analysis of more than 350 field static load tests (MLT) of bored piles made in Czech Republic and partially in Germany during the past 30 years. The limit state of serviceability is characterized by the construction of load-settlement curve. The first draft of this method was based on the theory of elasticity and on quasi-elastic relations between soil and pile and it was modified by means of back analyses of pile static load test results. Recently, the construction of the load-settlement curve is based …
Stabilization Of A Historic Structure Founded On An Unstable Mesa, James W. Niehoff
Stabilization Of A Historic Structure Founded On An Unstable Mesa, James W. Niehoff
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In the mid-1920s, a 26-room mansion fashioned after a 16th Century Scottish castle, was built south of Denver, Colorado atop a large mesa. Although significant portions of the mesa were capped with a hard, relatively intact conglomerate rock formation, the outer edges were either missing or fractured into blocks and underlain by weaker claystone. Since its construction, portions of the conglomerate capstone have shifted, causing settlement and lateral movement of the outer parts of the residence. As part of recent renovation work, a comprehensive evaluation of foundation conditions was conducted to evaluate the cause of past structural movements and to …
Interaction With Nearly Environment And Old Structure For A Deep Excavation. Case History In Bucharest, A. Chirica, A. Olteanu, M. S. Serbulea, C. Enescu, N. Ungureanu
Interaction With Nearly Environment And Old Structure For A Deep Excavation. Case History In Bucharest, A. Chirica, A. Olteanu, M. S. Serbulea, C. Enescu, N. Ungureanu
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper presents the influence of a deep excavation performed in Bucharest on the adjacent ground and on some old buildings around it; the damages and effects appeared during the excavation and the remedial measures are presented in detail, too. The excavation was designed to be 16.15 meters deep, sustained by a slurry wall enclosure of 60 cm thickness and pre-stressed anchors, and steel struts. Due to an accident that occured to the trench walls, a thorough monitoring by instrumentation started. The results of this monitoring are shown.
Instrumentation And Performance Of Tied-Back Shotcrete Shoring In Sand Adjacent To A Hospital Structure, Carol Domitric, Matthew Janes
Instrumentation And Performance Of Tied-Back Shotcrete Shoring In Sand Adjacent To A Hospital Structure, Carol Domitric, Matthew Janes
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Recent additions to the Brantford General Hospital expansion included construction of a new hospital wing, involving excavations of up to 11 metres (36 feet) depth, in loose to compact sand adjacent to an existing eight-storey hospital structure. The tendered contract called for interlocking caisson walls. An alternative method of temporary excavation support, tied-back shotcrete shoring, was proposed by HC Matcon Ltd. Due to a lack of familiarity with this method in Ontario, the uncertainty of attaining near-zero movements, and the proximity of adjacent ‘lifeline’ structures, the design-build team of HC Matcon and Isherwood Associates implemented a comprehensive program of quality …
The Use Of Stone Columns On Settlement And Liquefaction Susceptible Soils, Ivan Jackson Maduro, Carlos Rodriguez Molina, Luis Vazquez Castillo, Bruno Renoud-Lias, Gilbert J. Salvi
The Use Of Stone Columns On Settlement And Liquefaction Susceptible Soils, Ivan Jackson Maduro, Carlos Rodriguez Molina, Luis Vazquez Castillo, Bruno Renoud-Lias, Gilbert J. Salvi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The new Paradisus Coco Beach Resort in Rio Grande (PR) is located on an old swamp area, which has been filled with relatively clean to silty sands. The swampy deposits consists of organic silts, peat and loose fine to medium sand and silty sand. The project requires the placement of 1.0 to 1.5 meters of additional fill together with the construction of light structures. The need for the fill will trigger the development of settlements in the underlaying weak, and compressible stratum. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the loose sand to liquefaction during an earthquake was considered. This paper describes the …
Settlements Under Changed Structural Loadings, Vijay Khosla
Settlements Under Changed Structural Loadings, Vijay Khosla
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper deals with settlement analysis of the foundation systems which currently support the Tower City Center located in Downtown Cleveland, Ohio. The project features the complete renovation of an old retail arcade and conversion of abandoned space in the Old Union Railroad Terminal. The major foundation system consists of a number of closely spaced spread footings bearing at varying elevations. A very small section of the development is supported by deep-seated belled caisson units. These foundations were originally installed during the late 1920's to support the construction of a proposed twenty-five story U-shaped building with a lower structure in …
Design Lessons From Load Tests On Open- And Closed-Ended Pipe Piles, Kyuho Paik, Rodrigo Salgado, Junhwan Lee
Design Lessons From Load Tests On Open- And Closed-Ended Pipe Piles, Kyuho Paik, Rodrigo Salgado, Junhwan Lee
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Both the driving response and static bearing capacity of open-ended piles are affected by the soil plug that forms inside the pile during pile driving. In order to investigate the effect of the soil plug on the load capacity of pipe piles in general, field pile load tests were performed on instrumented open- and closed-ended piles driven into sand. For the open-ended pile, the soil plug length was continuously measured during pile driving, allowing calculation of an incremental filling ratio, IFR for the pile. The cumulative hammer blow count for the openended pile with final IFR of 77.5% was 16% …
Horizontal Loading Tests Of Instrumented Tubular Piles Driven Into Clay — A Case History, Ali Bouafia, Amina Lachenani
Horizontal Loading Tests Of Instrumented Tubular Piles Driven Into Clay — A Case History, Ali Bouafia, Amina Lachenani
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Within the scope of an important experimental program of research on piles behaviour, the LCPC (Laboratoire Central des Ponts & Chaussées, France) carried out static lateral loads on two 915 mm diameter steel tubular piles in order to analyze the load-transfer P-Y curves. Each pile was driven up to 5 m deep into a brown clayey layer of thickness 6.50 m overlying a blue stiff marl. The instrumentation of each pile comprised 12 pairs of strain gauges for the measurement of bending moments along the pile and LVDTs for pile deflections. Process of double differentiation and double integration led to …
Foundation Treatments Using Sand Compaction Piles And Surcharge Loading Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, A Case Study, Perry A. Taylor, John A. Gerlach
Foundation Treatments Using Sand Compaction Piles And Surcharge Loading Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, A Case Study, Perry A. Taylor, John A. Gerlach
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Two, 42-meter diameter, 12.2 meter high (100,000 barrel) above ground jet fuel tanks are currently under construction by the Japan Engineering District (JED), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the Defense Logistic Agency (DLA) at Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Iwakuni. This presentation is a case study of the installation of Sand Compaction Piles (SCP’s) and surcharge at MCAS Iwakuni. The geology below the tanks consists of poorly behaving liquefiable silty clays that can affect the bearing capacity of the loaded tanks. The site was formerly a marsh area filled with various debris and construction refuse and then covered with …
Geopier Soil Reinforcement System – Case Histories Of High Bearing Capacity Footing Support And Floor Slab Support, Nathaniel S. Fox, Larry R. Weppler, Rainer Scherbeck
Geopier Soil Reinforcement System – Case Histories Of High Bearing Capacity Footing Support And Floor Slab Support, Nathaniel S. Fox, Larry R. Weppler, Rainer Scherbeck
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Geopier® Rammed Aggregate Pier system is an innovative ground improvement method developed in the 1980’s that has grown in the United States and more recently in Asia and Europe, for supporting lightly to heavily loaded structures and highway and railroad embankments. The system is unique because it prestresses and prestrains adjacent matrix soils during installation of rammed aggregate piers. It has been successfully used on hundreds of project sites to support building foundations, floor slabs, storage tanks, and roadway embankments founded on both, poor and unsuitable soils as well as fair to good soils. The rammed aggregate pier system …
Grouting And Dewatering In Balancing Settlement Of A Building, Jinyuan Liu
Grouting And Dewatering In Balancing Settlement Of A Building, Jinyuan Liu
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A case study using grouting and dewatering system to protect a residential building during an adjacent deep excavation is presented in this paper. The building was a 73-year old masonry structure with two additional stories added to its original designed four stories height. The building was located 5 m away from a 15 m deep excavation. The project was located in downtown Shanghai, China. Grouting was injected between excavation and the building to compensate for ground loss and stress relief to reduce the building’s settlement. Dewatering was applied at the far end to increase the settlements and limit the differential …
The Response Of Driven Single Piles Subjected To Combined Loads, D. T. P. Phillips, B. M. Lehane
The Response Of Driven Single Piles Subjected To Combined Loads, D. T. P. Phillips, B. M. Lehane
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The behaviour of piles subjected to lateral load has generally been investigated experimentally using free-headed piles with a lateral load applied close to the pile head. In practice, however, there is some degree of restraint at the head of many piles and these are often subjected to a combination of lateral and vertical loads. The case history described in this paper involved full-scale field experiments comprising instrumented precast concrete piles subjected to a range of loading conditions including combined lateral and axial loading with partial rotational restraint at the pile head. The pile instrumentation, which included electrolevels and electrical resistance …
Skin Friction And Pile Design, Akira Wada
Skin Friction And Pile Design, Akira Wada
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The skin friction of pile is found as a parameter of pile shaft displacement. It will not be a simple/constant values for each type of soil/weathered rock. Pile load test data shows skin friction grows to maximum strength at certain displacement and then reduces to residual strength. Due to this property, the main active skin friction zone is shifted downwards with the increase of load. From the shared ratio of total skin friction in pile bearing capacity, the share ratio of skin friction is found related with pile length. This means that for 30m long pile, the skin friction share …