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- Sallen-Key low-pass filter, Minimum without calculus, Input impedance (2)
- 4-detector photopolarimeter, calibration, elements (1)
- 4-detector photopolarimeter, general-analysis, optimization, ellipsometry, polarimeter, calibration, light (1)
- 4-detector photopolarimeter, general-analysis, polarization, calibration (1)
- Acoustic analysis, Acoustic scattering, Acoustic signal processing, Acoustic resonance, Acoustic spectrum analyzers (1)
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- Broadband, chirp modulation, underwater, communications (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carrier phase estimation, quadrature amplitude modulation, phase-shift keying, general constellations, synchronization, blind estimation, asymptotic performance (1)
- Chirp modulation, time-frequency transform, Rayleigh fading, digital communications, underwater communications, underwater modem, underwater acoustical channel, acoustical communication (1)
- Combination of capacitors, Bridge circuits, Delta-wye and wye-delta conversions (1)
- Communication channel imperfections (1)
- Complex epsilon-plane, optical-constants, contours (1)
- Deconvolution, Chirping, Sonar, Fellowships (1)
- Dielectric surface, beam-splitters, polarization, refraction (1)
- Electromagnetic-waves (1)
- Ellipsometer (1)
- Ellipsometry, crystals, reflection (1)
- Film-substrate system, vacuum-ultraviolet, thin-films, constants, region, radiation, 1216-a, light, 24-a (1)
- Filters, Maximum and minimum without calculus, PSpice simulation (1)
- Filters, Maximum without Calculus, Maximum Gain (1)
- Fractional Fourier transform, impulse response, seabed classification, time-frequency distributions, volume search sonar (1)
- Fractional Fourier transform, impulse response, sonar signal processing, Wigner distribution, volume search sonar (1)
- Hydrography, bathymetry, optical properties, remote sensing, reverberation (1)
- Linearity measurements, variable attenuator, photo-diodes, photopolarimeter (1)
- Multidimensional constellation, constant envelope, constellation expansion, trellis coded modulation, quadraturequadrature phase shift keying (1)
- Multidimensional constellation, constant envelope, quadrature-quadrature phase shift keying, constellation expansion, trellis coded modulation. (1)
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- Optical-constants (1)
- Parallel RLC circuit, Maximum impedance, PSpice simulation (1)
Articles 31 - 60 of 146
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Wide-Angle, High-Extinction-Ratio, Infrared Polarizing Beam Splitters Using Frustrated Total Internal Reflection By An Embedded Centrosymmetric Multilayer, Siva R. Perla, R. M.A. Azzam
Wide-Angle, High-Extinction-Ratio, Infrared Polarizing Beam Splitters Using Frustrated Total Internal Reflection By An Embedded Centrosymmetric Multilayer, Siva R. Perla, R. M.A. Azzam
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
A centrosymmetric multilayer stack of two transparent thin-film materials, which is embedded in a high-index prism, is designed to function as an efficient polarizer or polarizing beam splitter (PBS) under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection over an extended range of incidence angles. The S(LH)kLHL(HL)kS multilayer structure consists of a high-index center layer H sandwiched between two identical low-index films L and high-index-low-index bilayers repeated (k times) on both sides of the central trilayer maintaining the symmetry of the entire stack. For a given set of refractive indices, all possible solutions for the thicknesses of …
Performance Of Chirp-Slope Keying With Joint Time-Frequency Detectors, Inigo X. Incer, Edit J. Kaminsky
Performance Of Chirp-Slope Keying With Joint Time-Frequency Detectors, Inigo X. Incer, Edit J. Kaminsky
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
This paper discusses recent studies on Chirp Slope Keying (CSK) as a scheme suitable for underwater communications and presents a new study on the performance of a time-frequency receiver in a Rayleigh fading environment. As expected, CSK proves to be a digital modulation scheme inferior in the AWGN channel as compared to traditional schemes but very promising in more detrimental channels present in underwater communications. In effect, while most schemes’ performances decay abruptly with the addition of new disturbances, a time-frequency CSK receiver’s performance deteriorates slowly with increasing Rayleigh fading. Intuition dictates that CSK will overpower other schemes as channel …
Time-Frequency Transform Techniques For Seabed And Buried Target Classification, Madalina Barbu, Edit J. Kaminsky, Russell E. Trahan
Time-Frequency Transform Techniques For Seabed And Buried Target Classification, Madalina Barbu, Edit J. Kaminsky, Russell E. Trahan
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
An approach for processing sonar signals with the ultimate goal of ocean bottom sediment classification and underwater buried target classification is presented in this paper. Work reported for sediment classification is based on sonar data collected by one of the AN/AQS-20’s sonars. Synthetic data, simulating data acquired by parametric sonar, is employed for target classification. The technique is based on the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT), which is better suited for sonar applications because FrFT uses linear chirps as basis functions. In the first stage of the algorithm, FrFT requires finding the optimum order of the transform that can be estimated …
Quarter-Wave Layers With 50% Reflectance For Obliquely Incident Unpolarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam, F. F. Sudradjat
Quarter-Wave Layers With 50% Reflectance For Obliquely Incident Unpolarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam, F. F. Sudradjat
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The conditions under which light interference in a transparent quarter-wave layer of refractive index n1 on a transparent substrate of refractive index n2 leads to 50% reflectance for incident unpolarized light at an angle φ are determined. Two distinct solution branches are obtained that correspond to light reflection above and below the polarizing angle, φp , of zero reflection for p polarization. The real p and s amplitude reflection coefficients have the same (negative) sign for the solution branch φ>φp and have opposite signs for the solution branch φ<φp . Operation at φ<φp is the basis of a 50%–50% beam splitter that divides an incident totally polarized light beam (with p and s components of equal intensity) into reflected and …
Polarizing Properties Of Embedded Symmetric Trilayer Stacks Under Conditions Of Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, Rasheed M.A. Azzam, Siva R. Perla
Polarizing Properties Of Embedded Symmetric Trilayer Stacks Under Conditions Of Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, Rasheed M.A. Azzam, Siva R. Perla
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
An error in the application of the design procedure described in a previous paper [Appl. Opt. 45, 1650 (2006)] has been corrected, and new revised figures are included in this erratum.
Parallel-Slab Polarizing Beam Splitter And Photopolarimeter, R. M.A. Azzam
Parallel-Slab Polarizing Beam Splitter And Photopolarimeter, R. M.A. Azzam
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
A dielectric-slab polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is described that generates two parallel beams of orthogonal p and s linear polarizations in reflection and functions as a diattenuator in transmission. The plane-parallel slab, which is set at Brewster's angle, is uncoated on one side and has an s-polarization antireflection coating (s-ARC) on the other side. Analytical results are presented for a PBS that uses a high-index slab coated with a low-index single-layer s-ARC, which is particularly suited for the IR. A novel multistage photopolarimeter that uses two such PBSs in series is described as being capable of sequential and simultaneous measurement …
Infrared Broadband 50%-50% Beam Splitters For S-Polarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam
Infrared Broadband 50%-50% Beam Splitters For S-Polarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
Prisms and slabs made of high-refractive-index materials such as ZnSe, Ge, and Si can be designed as broadband, 50%-50%, beam splitters (BSs) for obliquely incident s- polarized light in the near- and mid-IR. The beam-splitting face of the prism or slab is uncoated, while the exit face is antireflection coated. The split beams travel in orthogonal directions when light is incident at the Brewster angle. A novel design is also described that uses Brewster-angle reflection at the SiO2-Si interface to achieve a 50%-50%s-polarization BS over the 1.2-3.5 μm spectral range. Such s-polarization BSs are particularly suited for interferometry …
Phase Shifts In Frustrated Total Internal Reflection And Optical Tunneling By An Embedded Low-Index Thin Film, R. M.A. Azzam
Phase Shifts In Frustrated Total Internal Reflection And Optical Tunneling By An Embedded Low-Index Thin Film, R. M.A. Azzam
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
Simple and explicit expressions for the phase shifts that p- and s-polarized light experience in frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) and optical tunneling by an embedded low-index thin film are obtained. The differential phase shifts in reflection and transmission Δr,Δt are found to be identical, and the associated ellipsometric parameters ψr,ψt are governed by a simple relation, independent of film thickness. When the Fresnel interface reflection phase shifts for the pand s polarizations or their average are quarter-wave, the corresponding overall reflection phase shifts introduced by the embedded layer are also quarter-wave for all values of film …
Acoustic Seabed Classification Using Fractional Fourier Transform, Madalina Barbu, Edit J. Kaminsky, Russell E. Trahan
Acoustic Seabed Classification Using Fractional Fourier Transform, Madalina Barbu, Edit J. Kaminsky, Russell E. Trahan
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
In this paper we present a time-frequency approach for acoustic seabed classification. Work reported is based on sonar data collected by the Volume Search Sonar (VSS), one of the five sonar systems in the AN/AQS-20. The Volume Search Sonar is a beamformed multibeam sonar system with 27 fore and 27 aft beams, covering almost the entire water volume (from above horizontal, through vertical, back to above horizontal). The processing of a data set of measurement in shallow water is performed using the Fractional Fourier Transform algorithm in order to determine the impulse response of the sediment. The Fractional Fourier transform …
Fuzzy-Neural Cost Estimation For Engine Tests, Edit J. Kaminsky, Holly Danker-Mcdermott, Freddie Douglas
Fuzzy-Neural Cost Estimation For Engine Tests, Edit J. Kaminsky, Holly Danker-Mcdermott, Freddie Douglas
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
This chapter discusses artificial computational intelligence methods as applied to cost prediction. We present the development of a suite of hybrid fuzzy-neural systems for predicting the cost of performing engine tests at NASA’s Stennis Space Center testing facilities. The system is composed of several adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), with or without neural subsystems. The output produced by each system in the suite is a rough order of magnitude (ROM) cost estimate for performing the engine test. Basic systems predict cost based solely on raw test data, whereas others use preprocessing of these data, such as principal components and …
Performance And Spectral Analysis Of Q2psk And Ce Q2psk Systems In Ideal Bandlimited Channels, Milton I. Quinteros, Edit J. Kaminsky, Kenneth V. Cartwright
Performance And Spectral Analysis Of Q2psk And Ce Q2psk Systems In Ideal Bandlimited Channels, Milton I. Quinteros, Edit J. Kaminsky, Kenneth V. Cartwright
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The authors present theoretical performance analysis and simulation results for Quadrature-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Q2PSK), Constant Envelope (CE) Q2PSK, and trelliscoded 16D CEQ2PSK in ideal bandlimited channels of various bandwidths. The performance of receivers with and without channel estimation is reported. Spectral analysis is presented for each system, in addition to MSK and expanded uncoded 16D CEQ2PSK. We show that the effects of bandlimiting are most severe for Q2PSK. Knowledge of the channel information aids 4D CEQ2PSK the least. Only 6.8 dB of SNR is needed for the TCM system for a bit error rate of 10−5 for the narrowest …
Chirp Signaling Offers Modulation Scheme For Underwater Communications, Edit J. Kaminsky
Chirp Signaling Offers Modulation Scheme For Underwater Communications, Edit J. Kaminsky
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
Information contained in the slope of chirp signals can be employed for digital underwater acoustic communications across a broad range of applications.
Time-Frequency Methods For Detection And Classification Of Long Buried Targets, Edit J. Kaminsky, Madalina Barbu, Dale Bibee
Time-Frequency Methods For Detection And Classification Of Long Buried Targets, Edit J. Kaminsky, Madalina Barbu, Dale Bibee
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Simple Improvement To The Viterbi And Viterbi Monomial-Based Phase Estimators, Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky
A Simple Improvement To The Viterbi And Viterbi Monomial-Based Phase Estimators, Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
It is well known that the Viterbi and Viterbi Monomial- Based Phase Estimator, which includes the Mth Power Estimator, performs poorly for cross QAM signals. However, it is shown here that by allowing the power of the monomial to be negative, much improved performance can be realized at medium to high signalto- noise ratios (SNR). Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate the efficacy of this novel simple extension, for 32- and 128-QAM systems. In principle, this extension can also be applied to other constellations, e.g., (4,12)-PSK.
Single-Layer-Coated Beam Splitters For The Division-Of-Amplitude Photopolarimeter, Rasheed M.A. Azzam, Faisal F. Sudradjat
Single-Layer-Coated Beam Splitters For The Division-Of-Amplitude Photopolarimeter, Rasheed M.A. Azzam, Faisal F. Sudradjat
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
A design procedure is presented for a near-optimal, single-layer-coated prism beam splitter that serves as the key optical element of the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter (DOAP). For given film and substrate refractive indices, the angle of incidence and film thickness are selected such that the ellipsometric differential phase shifts in reflection and transmission Delta_r and Delta_t differ by ±pi/2, and the normalized determinant of the instrument matrix is maximized. The best results are obtained by using high-index films on low-index substrates. This is illustrated by examples of ZnS and GaP films on silica prisms in the visible and Si, Ge, and PbTe …
Chirp Slope Keying For Underwater Communications, Edit J. Kaminsky, Lastri Simanjuntak
Chirp Slope Keying For Underwater Communications, Edit J. Kaminsky, Lastri Simanjuntak
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
This paper presents a novel broadband modulation method for digital underwater communications: Chirp Slope Keying (CSK). In its simplest form, the binary information modulates the slope of a linear chirp, with up-chirps representing ones and down-chirps representing zeros. Performance evaluation in the form of probability of error vs. SNR show that the system performs as expected for AWGN environments and very well for more realistic models for underwater acoustical communications, such as the Raylegih channel with Doppler, delays, phase offset, and multipath.
Sonar Signal Enhancement Using Fractional Fourier Transform, Madalina Barbu, Edit J. Kaminsky, Russell E. Trahan
Sonar Signal Enhancement Using Fractional Fourier Transform, Madalina Barbu, Edit J. Kaminsky, Russell E. Trahan
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
In this paper we present an approach for signal enhancement of sonar signals. Work reported is based on sonar data collected by the Volume Search Sonar (VSS), as well as VSS synthetic data. The Volume Search Sonar is a beamformed multibeam sonar system with 27 fore and 27 aft beams, covering almost the entire water volume (from above horizontal, through vertical, back to above horizontal). The processing of a data set of measurement in shallow water is performed using the Fractional Fourier Transform algorithm. The proposed technique will allow efficient determination of seafloor bottom characteristics and bottom type using the …
Asymptotic Performance Of The Pth Power-Law Phase Estimator, Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky
Asymptotic Performance Of The Pth Power-Law Phase Estimator, Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
An expression for the true variance of the Pth powerlaw phase estimator, as the number of samples approaches infinity, is given. This expression is an extension to the linear approximation of Moeneclaey and de Jonghe [1] which is known to be inadequate in some practical systems. Our new expression covers general 2π/P-rotationally symmetric constellations that include those of PAM, QAM, PSK, Star M-QAM, MR-DPSK, and others. This expression also generalizes the known expressions for QAM and PSK. Additionally, our expression reduces to the Cramer-Rao bound given by Steendam and Moeneclaey [9], as SNR goes to zero. Monte Carlo simulations provide …
Blind Phase Recovery In Cross Qam Communication Systems With The Reduced Constellation Eigth-Order Estimator (Rceoe), Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky
Blind Phase Recovery In Cross Qam Communication Systems With The Reduced Constellation Eigth-Order Estimator (Rceoe), Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The eighth-order (EOE) phase estimator [4] is modified to work for an eight-symbol symmetrical constellation, so that the large signal-to-noise (SNR) performance is not limited by self-noise. By using only the eight highest energy points of cross- QAM constellations, a reduced constellation eighth-order estimator (RCEOE) is proposed. Computer simulations for 128-QAM show that this new method performs substantially better than the recently introduced APP phase estimator of Wang et al. [8]. However, simulations with 32-QAM show little performance advantage of the RCEOE over the APP estimator, for SNR values normally of interest, whereas for low SNR, the improvement is significant. …
An Optimum Hardware Detector For Constant Envelope Quadrature-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Ceq2osk), Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky
An Optimum Hardware Detector For Constant Envelope Quadrature-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Ceq2osk), Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
A hardware detector for constant envelope quadrature- quadrature phase-shift keying (CEQ2PSK) is proposed. It uses appropriate hard decisions; yet, it achieves optimum probability of bit error performance, unlike the suboptimum detector of Saha and Birdsall. This optimum performance is verified through Monte Carlo computer simulations. Additionally, a more correct expression is given for the probability of bit error performance for CEQ2PSK, which gives the gain over nonconstant Q2PSK as 1.44 dB, rather than the previously published value of 1.76 dB.
Achromatic Angle-Insensitive Infrared Quarter-Wave Retarder Based On Total Internal Reflection At The Si–Sio2 Interface, R. M.A. Azzam, Cristina L. Spinu
Achromatic Angle-Insensitive Infrared Quarter-Wave Retarder Based On Total Internal Reflection At The Si–Sio2 Interface, R. M.A. Azzam, Cristina L. Spinu
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
An achromatic infrared (λ = 1.2–4 μm), Si-prism quarter-wave retarder (QWR) is described that uses total internal reflection at a buried Si–SiO2 interface at an angle of incidence φ near 33°, where ∂Δ/∂φ = 0. The retardance Δ deviates from 90° by <±2° within a field of view of ±10° (in air) over the entire bandwidth. Because the SiO2 layer at the base of the prism is optically thick, this QWR is unaffected by environmental contamination.
Phase Shifts That Accompany Total Internal Reflection At A Dielectric–Dielectric Interface, R. M.A. Azzam
Phase Shifts That Accompany Total Internal Reflection At A Dielectric–Dielectric Interface, R. M.A. Azzam
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The absolute, average, and differential phase shifts that p- and s-polarized light experience in total internal reflection (TIR) at the planar interface between two transparent media are considered as functions of the angle of incidence φ. Special angles at which quarter-wave phase shifts are achieved are determined as functions of the relative refractive index N. When the average phase shift equals π/2, the differential reflection phase shift Δ is maximum, and the reflection Jones matrix assumes a simple form. For N>√3, the average and differential phase shifts are equal (hence δp=3δs) at …
Optimal Beam Splitters For The Division-Of-Amplitude Photopolarimeter, R. M.A. Azzam, A. De
Optimal Beam Splitters For The Division-Of-Amplitude Photopolarimeter, R. M.A. Azzam, A. De
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
Optimal optical parameters of the beam splitter that is used in the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter are determined. These are (1) 50%–50% split ratio of the all-dielectric beam splitter, (2) differential phase shifts in reflection and transmission Δr and Δt that differ by ±π/2, and (3) ellipsometric parameters (ψr, ψt)= (27.368°, 62.632°) or (62.632°, 27.368°). It is also shown that for any nonabsorbing beam splitter that splits incident unpolarized light equally, the relationship ψr+ψt=π/2 is always satisfied.
Tcm Decoding Using Neural Networks, Edit J. Kaminsky, Nikhil Deshpande
Tcm Decoding Using Neural Networks, Edit J. Kaminsky, Nikhil Deshpande
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
This paper presents a neural decoder for trellis coded modulation (TCM) schemes. Decoding is performed with Radial Basis Function Networks and Multi-Layer Perceptrons. The neural decoder effectively implements an adaptive Viterbi algorithm for TCM which learns communication channel imperfections. The implementation and performance of the neural decoder for trellis encoded 16-QAM with amplitude imbalance are analyzed.
Symmetrically Coated Pellicle Beam Splitters For Dual Quarter-Wave Retardation In Reflection And Transmission, Rasheed M.A. Azzam, Fadi A. Mahmoud
Symmetrically Coated Pellicle Beam Splitters For Dual Quarter-Wave Retardation In Reflection And Transmission, Rasheed M.A. Azzam, Fadi A. Mahmoud
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
A trilayer pellicle that consists of a high-index center layer that is symmetrically coated on both sides by a low-index film can be designed to produce differential reflection and transmission phase shifts of ∓90° at oblique incidence and equal throughput for the p and the s polarizations. Such a device splits a beam of incident linearly polarized light into two orthogonal circularly polarized components that travel in well-separated angular directions. Examples of infrared dual quarter-wave retarders that use a symmetrically coated Ge pellicle at 77° angle of incidence are presented. A 50–50% splitter requires a symmetric pellicle with at least …
Angular Range For Reflection Of P-Polarized Light At The Surface Of An Absorbing Medium With Reflectance Below That At Normal Incidence, R. M.A. Azzam, Ericson E. Ugbo
Angular Range For Reflection Of P-Polarized Light At The Surface Of An Absorbing Medium With Reflectance Below That At Normal Incidence, R. M.A. Azzam, Ericson E. Ugbo
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The range of incidence angle, 0 < φ < φe, over which p-polarized light is reflected at interfaces between transparent and absorbing media with reflectance below that at normal incidence is determined. Contours of constant φe in the complex plane of the relative dielectric constant ε are presented. A method for determining the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index, ε1/2 = n + jk, which is based on measuring φe and the pseudo-Brewster angle φpB, is viable in the domain of fractional optical constants, n, k < 1.
Deconvolution Of Chirp Sidescan Sonar Data, Juliette W. Ioup, Maria T. Kalcic, Dale Bibee, Edit J. Kaminsky, George E. Ioup
Deconvolution Of Chirp Sidescan Sonar Data, Juliette W. Ioup, Maria T. Kalcic, Dale Bibee, Edit J. Kaminsky, George E. Ioup
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Human Head-Neck Response To Impact Acceleration: Comparison Of Oblique To Combined Frontal And Lateral Response, Salvadore J. Guccione Jr., Edit J. Kaminsky
Human Head-Neck Response To Impact Acceleration: Comparison Of Oblique To Combined Frontal And Lateral Response, Salvadore J. Guccione Jr., Edit J. Kaminsky
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
This paper relates human oblique head-neck kinematics to human frontal and lateral head-neck kinematics for three subjects of varying anthropometry. Head-neck kinematic response to indirect impact acceleration for an oblique test is compared to the superposition of the head/neck behavior of appropriate frontal and lateral tests for the same subject. The results have important implications in terms of the complexity required in the design and validation of omni-directional biofidelic crash test manikins and mathematical models of human head-neck response.
Tilted Bilayer Membranes As Simple Transmission Quarter-Wave Retardation Plates, R. M.A. Azzam, Fadi A. Mahmoud
Tilted Bilayer Membranes As Simple Transmission Quarter-Wave Retardation Plates, R. M.A. Azzam, Fadi A. Mahmoud
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
A tilted bilayer membrane, which consists of two thin films of transparent optically isotropic materials of different refractive indices, can function as a transmission quarter-wave retarder (QWR) at a high angle of incidence. A specific design using a cryolite-Si membrane in the infrared is presented, and its tolerances to small shifts of wavelength, incidence angle, and film thickness errors are discussed. Some designs provide a dual QWR in transmission and reflection. Such devices provide simple linear-to-circular (and circular-to-linear) polarization transformers. Bilayer eighth-wave retarders without diattenuation are also introduced.
Differential Reflection Phase Shift Under Conditions Of Attenuated Internal Reflection, R. M.A. Azzam
Differential Reflection Phase Shift Under Conditions Of Attenuated Internal Reflection, R. M.A. Azzam
Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications
The angle-of-incidence dependence of the differential reflection phase shift Δ between p and s polarizations is considered a function of the real and imaginary parts of the relative complex dielectric function ε of an interface in the domain of fractional optical constants, i.e., under conditions of internal reflection. The constraint on complex ε such that oscillatory and monotonic angular responses are obtained is determined. A sensitive and stable technique, which is based on attenuated internal reflection ellipsometry between the Brewster angle and the critical angle, is proposed for measuring small induced absorption (εi∼10−5) in the medium …