Engineering Commons^™

Network Security Risk Assessment Modeling Tools For Critical Infrastructure Assessment, George H. Baker, Samuel Redwine, Joseph Blandino

George H Baker

The James Madison University (JMU) CIPP research team is developing Network Security Risk Assessment Modeling (NSRAM) tools that will enable the assessment of both cyber and physical infrastructure security risks. The effort is driven by the need to predict and compute the probability of adverse effects stemming from system attacks and malfunctions, to understand their consequences, and to improve existing systems to minimize these consequences.

The tools are targeted at systems supporting critical infrastructures varying from individual systems to organization-wide systems, to systems covering entire geographical regions. Early work emphasizes computing systems, but systems sharing the network nature of computing …

On The Design Of An Evolutionary Preprocessor, Sanza Kazadi, Daniel Choi, Albert Chang, Ted Kang, Hubert Li, Daniel Kim, Stanley Ho, Johns Wu

Sanza Kazadi

Measuring Electrocatalytic Activity On A Local Scale With Scanning Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry, K. Jambunathan, Andrew C. Hillier

Andrew C. Hillier

This paper describes a new technique entitled scanning differential electrochemical mass spectrometry ~SDEMS! that combines a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a membrane-covered capillary inlet and a high resolution positioning system that is designed to perform spatial mapping in solution near an electrode interface. Potential applications of this technique include the local characterization of anode catalysts for fuel cells as well as a range of analytical measurements and combinatorial screening studies. The capabilities of this technique are demonstrated by monitoring product evolution in several model electrocatalytic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, carbon monoxide oxidation, and the direct oxidation of methanol …

Screening The Reactivity Of Ptxruy And Ptxruymoz Catalysts Toward The Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction With The Scanning Electrochemical Microscope, S. Jayaraman, Andrew C. Hillier

Andrew C. Hillier

We report an application of the scanning electrochemical microscope that exploits its ability to spatially map the kinetics of heterogeneous electron-transfer reactions in order to perform screening measurements for combinatorial studies of electrooxidation catalysts. The ability to measure the activity of catalyst surfaces toward the hydrogen oxidation reaction via tip−sample feedback is used to characterize the activity of PtxRuy and PtxRuyMoz catalysts as a function of composition and electrode potential. Multielement band electrodes containing various compositions of PtxRuy and PtxRuyMoz deposits are created via pulsed electrochemical deposition onto patterned substrates. Catalyst compositions are verified through a combination of Auger electron …

A Survey Of Reservation Schemes For Optical Burst Switching (Obs), Ioannis Karamitsos, Evangelos Varthis

John P. Karamitsos

No abstract provided.

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (Scada) Systems, George H. Baker, Allan Berg

George H Baker

Our critical national infrastructure systems have become almost universally dependent upon computer-based control systems technically referred to as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. SCADA systems evolved from the telemetry and event-alarm systems developed in the early days of utilities. With the widespread use of SCADA systems, computers have become the "basis element" for much of our critical infrastructure. Thus, the disruption of controlling computer terminals and networks due to natural disasters, electric power failure, accidents or malicious activity can have catastrophic consequences.

Delivering On The 256 Qam Promise, Ron D. Katznelson

Ron D. Katznelson

The accumulation of degradation factors in the downstream channels is reviewed with focus on headend/hub transmission-related noise aggregation due to a plurality of downstream Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) transmitters and upconverters. Substantial increase in the number of QAM transmitters based on frequency agile upconverters is expected. Unlike fixed channel upconverters, these do not have narrow band filters at their output, consequently imparting appreciable levels of broadband noise on the network when several such units are combined. Based on these factors and other noise contributions, it is shown that additional impairments due to fluctuations associated with composite distortion terms on the …

Deconvolution Of Compartmental Water Diffusion Coefficients In Yeast-Cell Suspensions Using Combined T1 And Diffusion Measurements, Matthew D. Silva, Karl G. Helmer, Jing-Huei Lee, Sam S. Han, Charles S. Springer, Christopher H. Sotak

Sam Han

Deconvolution of Compartmental Water Diffusion Coefficients in Yeast-Cell Suspensions Using Combined T1 and Diffusion Measurements

Mind At Light Speed: Front Matter, David D. Nolte

David D Nolte

Preface, David D. Nolte

David D Nolte

Practical Design Considerations For Signal Conditioning Unit Interfaced With Multi-Point Snow Temperature Recording System, Raman K. Attri, B. K. Sharma, M. A. Shamshi

Raman K. Attri

Multi-point Temperature Measurement has always been very important aspect of physical instrumentation mainly in environmental and Industrial application. A multi-point temperature measurement system has been developed to measure temperature at different points simultaneously. This multi-channel system is designed specifically for measuring snow temperature at 28 different points in snow layers and this multi-point data is used in modeling of snow cover. The interfacing of such multi-channel system to Data acquisition system is one of the most critical design aspects, which affect the overall performance of the system. The temperature sensor system and Data Acquisition System may be working satisfactorily when …

New Neuron Model For Simulating Rotating Electrical Machines And Load Forecasting Problems, D. K. Chaturvedi, P. S. Satsangi, P. K. Kalra

D. K. Chaturvedi Dr.

The existing neuron structure has an aggregation function (usually summation) and its transformation through non-linear filter or squashing or thresholding functions. Such structure of neural networks has a number of disadvantages like large number of neurons, hidden layers and huge training data required for complex function approximations. The present paper proposes new neuron models to overcome the above problems in the existing neural networks. The model has been developed and tested for modelling of electrical machines like DC motor, induction motor and synchronous generator and load forecasting problems using different new neuron models in the neural network like S neuron …

Probabilistic Crowding: Deterministic Crowding With Probabilistic Replacement, Ole J. Mengshoel, David E. Goldberg

Ole J Mengshoel

This paper presents a novel niching algorithm, probabilistic crowding. Like its predecessor deterministic crowding, probabilistic crowding is fast, simple, and requires no parameters beyond that of the classical GA. In probabilistic crowding, subpopulations are maintained reliably, and we analyze and predict how this maintenance takes place.

This paper also identifies probabilistic crowding as a member of a family of algorithms, which we call integrated tournament algorithms. Integrated tournament algorithms also include deterministic crowding, restricted tournament selection, elitist recombination, parallel recombinative simulated annealing, the Metropolis algorithm, and simulated annealing.

Mil-Std-188-125-2, High-Altitude Emp Protection For Transportable Systems

George H Baker

This standard establishes minimum requirements and design objectives for high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) hardening of transportable1 ground-based systems that perform critical, time-urgent command, control, communications, computer, and intelligence (C4I) missions. Systems required to fully comply with the provisions of the standard will be designated by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a Military Department Headquarters, or a Major Command.

The standard prescribes minimum performance requirements for low-risk protection from mission-aborting damage or upset due to HEMP threat environments. The standard also addresses minimum testing requirements for demonstrating that prescribed performance has been achieved and for verifying that the installed protection measures …

Nanometer-Scale Probing Of Potential-Dependent Electrostatic Forces, Adhesion, And Interfacial Friction At The Electrode/Electrolyte Interface, Shane D. Campbell, Andrew C. Hillier

Andrew C. Hillier

The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to examine the influence of an applied electrochemical potential on the interfacial properties of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Measurements of electrostatic force, adhesion, and friction coefficient were performed at two different electrode surfaces: glassy carbon anda thin film of sulfonate-derivatized poly(aniline) (SPANi). At the carbon electrode, changes in electrostatic force between probe and substrate exhibited a potential-dependent transition from repulsive to attractive values at potentials negative and positive of the potential of zero charge (Epzc). Simultaneous measurements of tip-substrate adhesion and friction coefficient showed a change from low to high values over the same …

Various Noise Sources And Noise Reduction Techniques In Instrumentation, Raman K. Attri

Raman K. Attri

Noise is the biggest environmental factor, which determines if a system will operate reliably in practice. Noise can be random or repetitive, occurring continuously or in isolated burst. It may affect current or voltage and may occur at any frequency from DC to very high frequencies. A particular source may generate noise over narrow or wide band of frequencies. Some time the effect of noise on the system performance can be very drastic.

Research Highlights, Grigory Simin

Grigory Simin

No abstract provided.

A Unified Topological Approach To Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Protection, George H. Baker, J. Philip Castillo, Edward F. Vance

George H Baker

The presentation recommends an approach for unifying electronic system protection designs for a wide spectrum of electromagnetic environments. A general electromagnetic topological construct is developed as the basis for a consistent shielding and terminal protection methodology. Spectral characteristics of multiple interfering electromagnetic sources, both internal and external, are described. Effects addressed include EMI/EMC, lightning, nuclear EMP, and RF weapons. Protection practices for individual effects are discussed and means for integrating these into a single protection topology.

Sliding Mode Control Of The Systems With Uncertain Direction Of Control Vector, Sergey V. Drakunov

Sergey V. Drakunov

No abstract provided.

Nuclear Emp Hardening Approach As The Basis For Unified Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Protection, George H. Baker Iii

George H Baker

Operation DESERT STORM demonstrated the clear military advantage that was provided by our sophisticated electronic C4I and weapons systems. High tech means so dominate the battlefield that the outcome of future conflicts could be decided by electronics attrition rather than human casualties. However, the electromagnetic threat landscape is highly complex. The already formidable list of environments (EMI, lighting, ESD, EMP, HERO, TEMPEST, EW, etc.) is lengthened by emerging threats from high power microwave (HPM) and ultra-wide band (UWB) electromagnetic weapons. Many of these environments overlap in the frequency and amplitude of the electrical stresses they create.

The large number of …

Sliding-Mode Observers Based On Equivalent Control Method, Sergey V. Drakunov

Sergey V. Drakunov

No abstract provided.

Detection Of Unresolved Target Tracks In Infrared Imagery, Sarah A. Rajala, Loren W. Nolte, James V. Aanstoos

James Aanstoos

Two methods for detecting dim, unresolved target tracks in infrared imagery are presented. Detecting such targets in a sequence of noisy images is very challenging from the standpoint of algorithm design as well as detection performance evaluation. Since the signal-to-noise ratio per pixel is very low (a dim target) and the target is unresolved (of spatial extent less than a pixel), one must rely on integration over target tracks which span over many image frames. In addition, since there is a large amount of uncertainty as to the pattern and location of target tracks, good algorithms must consider a large …

Emp Protection Validation Testing Approaches, George H. Baker

George H Baker

Integrated, operational system-level testing is required for confidence in any system's EMP hardness. Validation is not possible by analysis or inspection. Test capabilities exist to validate the EMP protection of properly designed systems. High-level free field simulators are the means of choice for testing aircraft and ground mobile systems. A combination of low level continuous wave and pulsed current injection testing are preferred for testing fixed facilities and systems connected to long line networks.

A Method Of Validating Mw Mvar Values, Venkateswar P. Oruganti Fiete Fie Pmp

Venkateswar P Oruganti FIETE FIE PMP

A way of quickly validating MW MVAR values. This method helps in reducing number of combinations while trying to ascertain the right connections at the transducers in SCADA systems.

Progress In The Development Of Hemp Protection Standards For C3i Facilities, George H. Baker, Clinton R. Gordon

George H Baker

DoD is involved in EMP standards development efforts which culminate 25 years of research. This paper previews an EMP protection standard for fixed, ground-based communication facilities. The standard uses a low-risk hardening approach which depends on an electromagnetic barrier comprised of a conducting shield to prevent harmful transients from reaching communication electronics. The standard is the first of its kind and is being instituted as MIL-STD-188-125.

Electro-Optics Applications For Alleviating Emi/Emc/Emp Problems, George H. Baker, Walter H. Hardwick

George H Baker

No abstract provided.

Emp Analysis Of An Fm Communications Radio With A Long Wire Antenna, George H. Baker Iii, Werner J. Stark

George H Baker

A Norton equivalent circuit is developed for a long-wire antenna used with a VHF man-pack FM radio exposed to an incident electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The required short-circuit current and antenna impedance are computed by use of a transmission-line model for the antenna, and the computations are compared with measurements of the short-circuit current and antenna impedance. The comparison shows that the transmission-line model for the antenna is adequate for performing a vulnerability analysis of the radio. A network model is developed for a portion of the radio and is used as the load in the Norton equivalent circuit. Load currents …