Engineering Commons^™

Inject And Sustain Sustainability (Is2) In Automatic Fare Collection Projects, Hillary Kin Hung Lau, Nicholas Chun Kit Wong

Practical Social and Industrial Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Agenda For Third Meeting Of The Forum For Promotion Of Soil Dynamics In India, Shamsher Prakash

Forum for Promotion of Soil Dynamics in India

No abstract provided.

Membership Of Forum For Promotion Of Soil Dynamics In India, Shamsher Prakash

Forum for Promotion of Soil Dynamics in India

No abstract provided.

Minutes Of The Third Meeting Of The Forum For Promotion Of Soil Dynamics In India, Shamsher Prakash

Forum for Promotion of Soil Dynamics in India

No abstract provided.

Syllabus For Course On Soil Dynamics In Ug Curriculum, Deepankar Choudhury

Forum for Promotion of Soil Dynamics in India

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Steel Fiber And Polypropylene Fiber On Reinforced Concrete, Erjola Reufi, Jozefita Marku

UBT International Conference

This paper presents the results of an experimental study that investigated, the effects of steel fibers and polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete. Two types of fibers used are hooked end steel fibers of 50 mm and 30 mm length with the aspect ratio of 67 (length 50 mm and diameter 0.75 mm) and 44 (length 30 mm and diameter 0.75 mm). On the other hand, three types of polypropylene fibers are used of length 12mm, 6mm and 3 mm. Steel fibers are used of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% by the volume of concrete and polypropylene fiber …

A Study On Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Area Stresses Using Finite Element Method, Anjeza Gjini, Altin Bidaj, Enio Deneko, Drilona Disha

UBT International Conference

The joints of the human body act as mechanical or building structures joints. Joints connect different segments by enabling the movement of these segments. The design of a joint that provides durability or static support differs from that one which provides only movement. Joints of the human body, as organic joints, are considered more complex than other types of joints. Finite element models help to comprehend the knee structure behavior under the action of dynamic and static loads. Deformations in the articulating cartilage and the distribution of loads from meniscus provide data to understand the effect of loads in different …

Application Of En 1991-1-2 Annex E, Using’S Software Package, Xhemshir Mulliqi

UBT International Conference

The fire may occur anywhere and in any phase in the lifetime of a building .Fire resistance requirements should be based on the parameters influencing fire growth and development. For calculating the characteristic fire load, the characteristic fire load has to be determined using the table of EN 1991-1-2 Annex E.The aim of this paper is to present the methodology used in this tool and to show an example of application. The fire resistance of a steel beam submitted to compartment fires which supports a non-collaborating concrete slab in a compartment is estimated in case of an unprotected and a …

Design Of Bearing Capacity Of The Driven Piles Of A Highway Bridge Foundation According To 3 Different Methods, Papa Dhimitri, Dervishi Idlir

UBT International Conference

Contemporary design methods of bearing capacity of deep foundation (pile foundation) change according to different design codes. The main requisition of the designing process of the deep foundation is related with the axial bearing capacity, which should be sufficient to withstand the applied loads. Many authors has developed and published detailed methods to analyze the behavior of a single reinforced concrete pile or a group of piles, based on vertical bearing capacity due to lateral friction or residence at the pile point. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the calculation methods according to 3 analytical methods of vertical …

Advanced Construction Materials For Highway Applications, Altin Bidaj, Irakli Premti, Hektor Cullufi

UBT International Conference

Nowadays cost of highway materials increase every year. In addition, use of marginal materials results in early development of pavement distress, requiring more frequent repairs also rehabilitation, associated lane closures, traffic congestion in high volume traffic areas which increases the potential for construction zone accidents and increased levels of environmental pollution related to automobile emissions. Therefore, there is a strong desire in our country to optimize the use of materials currently used for highway pavement construction and to seek advanced materials that are cheaper and environmentally friendly. It has now been recognized that the age of limitless construction materials and …

Motorizing Cbd Of Tirana. A Before And After Study In Tirana From Sustainability Point Of View, Edison Barhani

UBT International Conference

The Center Business District of Tirana (Skanderbeg Square) plays a crucial part in Tirana Transportation System. After a closure of about 2 years, being under reconstruction, CBD opened to traffic on November 14th, 2011. This study analyses performance parameters like: travel time for both cars and buses, waiting time at bus stations, and passenger boarding/alignment for bus passing through or around the CBD before and after it was opened to traffic. Route that follows Kinostudio-Kombinat bus line has been selected as a representative of all other lines passing through the center of Tirana. Opened to traffic for the supply to …

The Effects Of Recycling Asphalt Use In Terms Of Economic Growth And Environmental Improvement In Kosova, Muhamet Ahmeti, Binak Beqaj

UBT International Conference

Through this paper is analysed the possibility of recycling asphalt and reusing this in receipts of new asphalt to build road infrastructure inside urban areas and inter-urban areas, because analysing the investments that are being realized in the road infrastructure in Kosova last years, and investments that are going on, there are indicators showing economical, environmental and ….benefits of the society .

According to database of the Kosova Ministry of Transport and Telecommunication until the year 2014, the territory of Kosova has 2005.5 km of the road, 4% are highways, magisterial roads 32% and 64% regional roads, most of them …

Assessment Of Wood Processing Engineers By Requirements Of Leading Manufacturing Entities In Albania, Ramadan Topuzi, Arden Bejtja

UBT International Conference

In Albania a significant number of wood-processing engineers exercise this profession in the field of manufacturing and trading of furniture. In this sector exercise their activity over 800 manufacturing entities distributed across the country with about 9,000 employees. The main purpose of the study is the assessment of wood processing engineers as perceived by the manufacturing entities and their adaptation to the requirements of the labor market . The data collected through a structured questionnaire for this purpose, are thrown into a database (where they are analyzed to generate the results given in this paper. The selection of the respondents …

Imperfection Impact On Behavior Of The Secondary Nonstructural Elements And Vertical Non Precise Erection Of Members, Armend Mujaj, Florim Grajçevci, Driton R. Kryeziu, Zijadin Guri, Fisnik Kadiu

UBT International Conference

In this paper of works will be try to present the fundamental computation referring to the imperfection impacts phenomena of non-precise erection effects of the structural members as are vertical columns. Depends from the structural type, the structure should have a vertical structural members with the enough vertical and shear capacity provoked from horizontal action of earthquake, wind, dead and imposed vertical loads. The structural designers, during the structural computation are improve the several approximations creating the dynamic modeling, having into the consideration of structural elements classification in the prior and secondary structural elements. It is very none that the …

Processing Of Gis Data And Building Of 3d Dem Models With Fme Transformer Tools, Hebib Alili, Fadil Shehu, Shenur Muslija

UBT International Conference

The processes of processing of 2D or 3D geodetic or geo-information data by using the FME software and other software's or tools in combination and then through mathematical logics in FME building of such 3D models from original measured terrain data within transformers given by FME, could be considered as very important attempt of creating of such 3D models, exactly when we have to deal with huge data by the size of its as input data. These kind of doing of processing of data through FME software, can be considered as important issue also for resolving of other today related …

Application Of Ec Regulations On Assessment Of The Effect Of Fire On Buildings, Xhemshir Mulliqi

UBT International Conference

The last decade has been characterized by construction of multi-storey buildings in almost all cities of Kosovo, with the storey-height ranging from B+G+4 to B+G+11 and even B+G+15, which means that they need to be subjected to the revision of the main project, including things be verified for the effect of fire. This paper aims to illustrate the use of EC regulations for the verification of reinforced concrete structures under effect of fire, respectively: EN 1991-2-2 Basis of design and actions on structures. Part-2.2: Actions on structures exposed to fire and EN 1992-1-2:2004 Design of concrete structures- part -1-2: Structural …

Reducing The Porosity And Sealing Cracks By Using Crystalline Admixture In Conventional Concrete, Visar Krelani, Liberato Ferrara

UBT International Conference

There is a continuous increase of quality on civil engineering materials in developed countries and parallel increase of need for new constructions in developing countries. Professional community should propose solutions for the durability that can resist in different severe environments. The most important factor that can affect concrete durability is represented by the pore distribution. Transport properties can take place through the porous network inside the cementitious composites and the aggregates interface, permitting the ingress of aggressive agents damaging concrete function intrinsically as a material and the well-functioning of the entire structure. The use of a crystalline admixture during the …

Structural Analysis Of A Typical Highway Bridge Comparison Between Ktp, En And Aashto Load Models, Endrit Berisha

UBT International Conference

This study consists on a structural analysis comparison of a typical highway bridge between KTP, EN and AASHTO based on load capacity. The Eurocodes are currently in the process of national implementation towards becoming the Europe wide means for structural design of civil engineering works. A team from Mott Macdonald inspected 562 bridges and the main causes of the defects are figured out in the study as traffic load, nature force, and aging, lack of maintenance and design deficiencies. As design codes are advancing with time, the need of Albania to upgrade its code has become a must. This paper …

The Impact Of Municipal Waste Water In Neredime River, Kosovo, Bekim Selimi

UBT International Conference

Today, environmental protection is of great concern in Kosovo. Almost all waste water effluents from the localities are discharging in surface water and groundwater without being significantly treated deterioning water quality in Kosovo’s rivers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the level of pollution in the Neredime river created from municipal wastewater as well as to identify pollutants and their impact on the river. An attempt has been made to present the situation of the waters defining physicochemical water qualities of Neredime river from the source to the outskirts of town in the south-west of Ferizaj; this includes …

Climate Change And Drinking Water, Muhamet Ahmeti, Ilira Abdullahu

UBT International Conference

The period June 2012 – March 2014 saw a prolonged deficit of precipitation below normal. This led to a major continental scale drought across southern Europe, and in eastern Kosova in particular. E.g. see figure 1 below for the month of December 2013, from Drought Monitoring Center for SEE. In fact December 2013 was the fifth driest month in the recorded history of Kosova. February registered the driest month in the recorded hydro-meteorological history of Kosova, since 1927 with only 2.1 mm precipitation, which expressed in Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The chance of getting this value in February was 1 …

Evaluation Of First Order Error Induced By Conservative-Tracer Temperature Approximation For Mixing In Karstic Flow, Philippe Machetel, David A. Yuen

Sinkhole Conference 2015

Fluid dynamics in karst systems is complex due to the heterogeneity of hydraulic networks that combine the Porous Fractured Matrix (PFM) and the interconnected drains (CS). These complex dynamic systems often need to be treated as “black boxes” in which only input and output properties are known. In this work, we propose to assess the first-order error induced by considering the temperature as a conservative tracer for flows mixing in karst (fluvio-karst). The fluvio-karstic system is treated as an open thermodynamic system (OTS), which exchanges water and heat with its surrounding. We propose to use a cylindrical PFM drained by …

Study On The Critical Velocity Of Groundwater To Form Subsidence Sinkholes In Karst Area, Fuwei Jiang

Sinkhole Conference 2015

Subsidence sinkholes in karst area are a common geological hazard causing disaster accidents. However, the critical hydraulic conditions of forming subsidence sinkholes have not been well understood. Based on the theories of pipe flow, this paper derives expressions of a critical hydraulic condition for assessing whether it leads to subsidence sinkholes. A case study with samples of the cohesive soils taken from the Wuxuan county, Guangxi province, China, was conducted to evaluate the derived critical value. Combining the derived critical value and the monitoring data of hydraulic conditions in the study field, our results indicate that subsidence sinkholes are not …

Numerical Simulation Of Karst Soil Cave Evolution, Long Jia, Yan Meng, Zhende Guan, Lipeng Liu

Sinkhole Conference 2015

This study is focused on numerical simulation of the formation and development of karst soil caves related to cover-collapse sinkholes. The so-called ‘karst soil cave’ refers to the caves formed in the soil layers above bedrock of sinkhole regions. Because the soil caves are formed and developed under groundwater seepage, studying groundwater level changes can help understand soil cave development and collapse. Based on the improved Terzaghi loosening pressure theory and using excess pore water pressure, two kinds of critical groundwater level decline are discussed. The first, denoted as ∆H0, is the critical groundwater level decline related to soil cave …

Building Codes To Minimize Cover Collapses In Sinkhole-Prone Areas, George Veni, Connie Campbell Brashear, Andrew Glasbrenner

Sinkhole Conference 2015

Cover- collapse sinkholes are forming with increasing frequency under buildings. Analyses of sinkhole distribution in Beacon Woods, Florida, preliminarily indicate their occurrence is an order of magnitude greater in urban versus undeveloped areas, suggesting the structures themselves are enhancing the collapse process. The most likely causes are induced recharge via at least one of two sources. First, runoff and drainage from roads, structures, and impoundments that is not adequately dispersed will promote sinkhole development. Second, leaking water, sewer, and septic systems beneath or adjacent to a structure will also promote collapse. The process of cover-collapse from induced recharge is well …

Hazard Of Sinkhole Flooding To A Cave Hominin Site And Its Control Countermeasures In A Tower Karst Area, South China, Fang Guo, Guanghui Jiang, Kwong Fai Andrew Lo, Qingjia Tang, Yongli Guo, Shaohua Liu

Sinkhole Conference 2015

Zengpiyan Cave, one of the most important cave hominin sites of the Neolithic in the South of China, was listed on the national register of cultural preservation sites in 2001. Large quantities of precious material in the Zengpiyan site were unearthed since the beginning of the trial excavation in 1973. These materials include hominin skeletal remains, fire pits, human burials, stone implements, tools fashioned from mollusk shells and animal or plant fossils. According to the historical record, ancient people lived in caves in the karst plain of Guilin. They moved out of the caves approximately 7000 years ago. These cave …

A Method Of Mapping Sinkhole Susceptibility Using A Geographic Information System: A Case Study For Interstates In The Karst Counties Of Virginia, Alexandra L. Todd, Lindsay Ivey-Burden

Sinkhole Conference 2015

Karst terrain is landscape underlain by limestone that has been chemically dissolved by acidic groundwater, producing subsurface voids that pose risks for sinkholes if the overlaying soils can no longer support their own weight and collapse. The western counties of Virginia are heavy in karst due to their natural, geographic boundary of the western Ridge Province and the eastern Blue Ridge Mountain Range. As a result, the Commonwealth of Virginia Hazard Mitigation Plan recommends that the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) develop a method to determine the roadways and regions most susceptible to experiencing sinkholes, in an effort to reduce …

Evaluation Of Cavity Distribution Using Point-Pattern Analysis, Raghav Ramanathan, Yongli Gao, M. Melih Demirkan, Bulent Hatipoglu, Mazen Adib, Michael Rosenmeier, Juan Gutierrez, Hesham El Ganainy

Sinkhole Conference 2015

Presence of solution cavities of different sizes poses major engineering problems in some areas of Abu Dhabi City Municipality (ADM) underlain by soluble rocks such as gypsum, calcarenite, or mudstone. This is especially critical if they are located at a relatively shallow level and are likely to cause settlement or sudden soil collapse. The Gachsaran Formation, which is composed of interlayered mudstone and gypsum, underlies all of the ADM and is known to be vulnerable to cavity formation in the area. The mudstone and gypsum beds within the upper part of the Gachsaran Formation are prone to dissolution. Numerous sinkholes …

Development Of Cavity Probability Map For Abu Dhabi Municipality, Yongli Gao, Raghav Ramanathan, Bulent Hatigoplu, M. Melih Demirkan, Mazen Adib, Juan Gutierrez, Hesham El Ganainy, Daniel Barton

Sinkhole Conference 2015

Cavity collapse and settlement due to the presence of shallow solution cavities cause significant geotechnical and other engineering problems in certain areas within the Abu Dhabi City Municipality (ADM). A cavity probability map helps to identify regions that are more susceptible to the formation of cavities by identifying and analyzing influential factors contributing to its formation. Information relating to cavities was cataloged and reviewed based on available data from the Geotechnical Information Management System (GIMS), which is a consolidated geotechnical database developed by the ADM. Geological and geotechnical subsurface conditions are obtained from previous site investigation campaigns performed in the …

Study On Monitoring And Early Warning Of Karst Collapse Based On Botdr Technique, Zhende Guan

Sinkhole Conference 2015

Brilliouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (BOTDR) is a newly developed measurement and monitoring technique, which utilizes Brilliouin spectroscopy and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (Jiang et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2009; Xu et al.,2011) to measure strain generated in optical fibers as distributed in the longitudinal direction. This paper introduces the principle and characters of BOTDR technique firstly, and makes an example of karst collapse monitoring at section K14 of highway from Guilin to Yangshuo. And we talk about how to use this technique in underlying karst collapse monitoring in karst highway, discuss environmental factors, like temperature and vehicle dynamic …

Detection Of Voids In Karst Terrain With Full Waveform Tomography, Khiem T. Tran, Michael Mcvay, Trung Dung Nguyen

Sinkhole Conference 2015

This paper presents an application of time-domain surface-based waveform tomography for detection of voids in karst terrain. The measured seismic surface wave fields were inverted using a full waveform inversion (FWI) technique, based on a finite-difference solution of 2-D elastic wave equations and the Gauss-Newton inversion method. The FWI was applied to real experimental data sets collected from twelve test lines at a karst site in Florida. Two of the test lines were located next to open karst chimneys to image their extent. Ten other test lines were located in an open and flat area without any void indication from …