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Chemical Engineering

Biomass

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Articles 91 - 101 of 101

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

The Effects Of Inorganic Solids And Certain Gases On The Thermal Decomposition Of Catechol, Jerome Apilan Robles Jan 2009

The Effects Of Inorganic Solids And Certain Gases On The Thermal Decomposition Of Catechol, Jerome Apilan Robles

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In order to investigate the effects of calcium carbonate and iron oxide on the thermal decomposition of solid fuels, we have constructed an isothermal flow reactor to perform experiments on the model compound catechol (ortho-dihydroxybenzene), a phenol-type compound representative of coal, wood and biomass. Calcium carbonate and iron oxide are inorganic components of coal and wood, which have demonstrated catalytic properties in thermal reactions and are commercially used to enhance the conversion of solid fuels. In this study, the effects of the inorganic solids on pyrolysis and combustion are conducted through identification and quantification of the products formed after subjecting …

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Mechanistic Investigation Of Ash Deposition In Pulverized-Coal And Biomass Combustion, Shrinivas Sadashiv Lokare Sep 2008

Mechanistic Investigation Of Ash Deposition In Pulverized-Coal And Biomass Combustion, Shrinivas Sadashiv Lokare

Theses and Dissertations

This investigation details the effects of fuel constituents on ash deposition through systematic experimental and theoretical analyses of fundamental particle experiments and a suite of fuels with widely varying inorganic contents and compositions. The experiments were carried out in the Multifuel Flow Reactor (MFR) at Brigham Young University. Fuels included several biomass fuels (straw, sawdust and mixtures of straw-sawdust with other additives such as Al(OH)3, CaCO3, etc.) and four commercially-used coals (Illinois#6, Powder River Basin – Caballo and Cordero, Blind Canyon, and Lignite – Beulah Zap). The data from the series of experiments quantitatively illustrate the effects of fuel properties, …

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H2-Rich Syngas From Renewable Sources By Dual Fluidized Bed Steam Gasification Of Solid Biomass, Christoph Pfeifer, Tobias Pröll, Bernhard Puchner, Hermann Hofbauer May 2007

H2-Rich Syngas From Renewable Sources By Dual Fluidized Bed Steam Gasification Of Solid Biomass, Christoph Pfeifer, Tobias Pröll, Bernhard Puchner, Hermann Hofbauer

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Steam gasification of solid biomass yields high quality producer gases that can be used for efficient combined heat and power production (CHP) and as a renewable resource for chemical syntheses. The dual fluidized bed steam gasification technology provides the necessary heat for steam gasification by circulating hot bed material that is heated in a second fluidized bed reactor by combustion of residual biomass char. The hydrogen content in producer gas of such gasifiers is about 40 vol% (dry basis). Addition of carbonates to the bed material and adequate adjustment of operation temperatures in the reactors allow selective transport of CO2 …

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Fast Pyrolysis Of Biomass In A Circulating Fluidised Bed, Manon Van De Velden, Xianfeng Fan, Andy Ingram, Jan Baeyens May 2007

Fast Pyrolysis Of Biomass In A Circulating Fluidised Bed, Manon Van De Velden, Xianfeng Fan, Andy Ingram, Jan Baeyens

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

CFB biomass pyrolysis produces mostly bio-oil. Reaction rates are fast (k > 0.5 s-1). Yields exceed 60 wt% of bio-oil at 500 °C and at a residence time for oil and char t < 2.5 s. as achieved in plug flow CFB-mode, shown by PEPT to occur at U > (Utr + 1) m/s and G > 200 kg/m² s.

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Thermal Conversion Of Biomass And Waste, Liban Yassin, Paola Lettieri, Stefaan Simons, Antonino Germanà May 2007

Thermal Conversion Of Biomass And Waste, Liban Yassin, Paola Lettieri, Stefaan Simons, Antonino Germanà

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

This paper investigates the process designs of 2 fluidized bed gasification plants utilizing clean biomass. Energy and mass balances for each process were carried out and ChemCAD was used to evaluate the energy recovery process by simulating the operation of a steam turbine and a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT).

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Experimental And Modeling Investigations Of Biomass Particle Combustion, Hong Lu Aug 2006

Experimental And Modeling Investigations Of Biomass Particle Combustion, Hong Lu

Theses and Dissertations

This investigation provides a comprehensive analysis of entrained-flow biomass combustion processes. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate how particle shape and size influence biomass combustion rates. Experimental samples include flake-like, cylinder-like, and equant (nearly spherical) shapes with similar particle masses and volumes but different surface areas. Samples of small (less than 500 µm) particles were passed through a laboratory entrained-flow reactor in a nitrogen/air atmosphere and a maximum reactor wall temperature of 1600 K, while large samples were reacted in suspension in a single particle furnace operated at similar conditions as the entrained-flow reactor. A separately developed computer and image analysis …

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Fuel-Nox Formation During Low-Grade Fuel Combustion In A Swirling-Flow Burner, Chunyang Wu Jan 2006

Fuel-Nox Formation During Low-Grade Fuel Combustion In A Swirling-Flow Burner, Chunyang Wu

Theses and Dissertations

Insufficient knowledge of fireside behavior in the near-burner region during biomass combustion is one of major factors preventing widespread use of this renewable fuel in pulverized coal power plants. The current research is aimed to investigate the impact of biomass cofiring on NO formation in the near-burner region through interpretation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions and data collected from a series of biomass tests in a pilot-scale (0.2 MW), swirling flow burner. Two-dimensional gas species mole fraction data were collected with state-of-theart instruments from nine experiments, composing one herbaceous biomass (straw), one woody biomass (sawdust), a low sulfur sub-bituminous …

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Analysis Of Grain Screenings By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford Dec 2005

Analysis Of Grain Screenings By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Grain screenings are an example of an agricultural residue byproduct of food and feed production of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of grain screenings provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel C, H, N, S, and O; chlorine analysis — reported here …

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Analysis Of Sawdust By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford Dec 2005

Analysis Of Sawdust By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Sawdust is an example of a forest product residue byproduct of paper and lumber production of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of sawdust provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel C, H, N, S, and O; chlorine analysis — reported here as …

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Analysis Of Sugar Beet Pulp By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford Dec 2005

Analysis Of Sugar Beet Pulp By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Sugar beet pulp is an example of an agricultural residue byproduct of food and feed production of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of sugar beet pulp provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel C, H, N, S, and O; chlorine analysis — …

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Analysis Of Straw By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford Dec 2005

Analysis Of Straw By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Straw is an example of an agricultural residue byproduct of food and feed production of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of straw provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel C, H, N, S, and O; chlorine analysis — reported here as part …

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