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1992

Graduate Research Papers

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Full-Text Articles in Education

School Phobia: Causes And Counseling Approaches, Linda K. Riniker Jan 1992

School Phobia: Causes And Counseling Approaches, Linda K. Riniker

Graduate Research Papers

Recent studies have demonstrated that there is an incidence rate of seventeen out of one thousand students who are affected by school phobia (Kennedy, 1965). School phobia, the refusal to attend school, does not favor a particular sex, socio-economic group, birth order, or age (McDonald & Shepard, 1976). This fear not only reveals itself as an emotional problem, but often has physical symptoms as well. These students may have the physical symptoms of stomach aches, nausea, paleness, trembling, an inability to move, dizziness, and sleep disturbances. They may also be picky eaters because of these physical symptoms. It is a …


A Preferred Vision For Leadership In Effective Schools: A Reflective Essay, Juanita M. Sur Jan 1992

A Preferred Vision For Leadership In Effective Schools: A Reflective Essay, Juanita M. Sur

Graduate Research Papers

The focus of administrative coursework has been on the characteristics and skills needed to be an effective leader; the beliefs and values that govern leadership decisions; the organizational theories that effect leadership style; and the changing roles and responsibilities of a leader today. Historically, the organizational theories of structure and power in business have been imitated in educational institutions. Conditions in this decade continue to accelerate the world-wide influence of advancing technologies, changing demographics, and an unstable economy. Within this contextual framework, where then lies the individual's direction as a leader in educational administration?


A Preferred Vision For Administering Elementary Schools: A Reflective Essay, Sally A. Strottman Jan 1992

A Preferred Vision For Administering Elementary Schools: A Reflective Essay, Sally A. Strottman

Graduate Research Papers

I decided to pursue a Master's Degree in Educational Administration after being encouraged by my school principal. She saw in me several personal characteristics she believed necessary for an elementary principal: a willingness to undertake tasks requiring time and organization, the ability to work with others to implement ideas into actions and complete a task, and the possession of ample communication skills to relate to a diversity of publics. Since I had been very active in several community organizations and was willing to assume some leadership roles in the school setting, this seemed a natural route for me to take.


A Preferred Vision For Administering Elementary Schools: A Reflective Essay, Christine L. Thompson Jan 1992

A Preferred Vision For Administering Elementary Schools: A Reflective Essay, Christine L. Thompson

Graduate Research Papers

The role of the elementary school principal is a many faceted one. Those of us entering the profession today are faced with meeting a variety of challenges and filling a number of different roles. There are many different areas that have been thought provoking in my studies in educational administration. As educators we have all been striving to create a positive impact on the leaders of tomorrow. However, in the role as principal we will, even more so than as classroom teachers, impact and hold the ability to make a difference in the task society has given us, educating our …


Adolescent Identity Formation: Role Of Developmental Group Counseling, Sandra M. Wetzel Jan 1992

Adolescent Identity Formation: Role Of Developmental Group Counseling, Sandra M. Wetzel

Graduate Research Papers

Human development is an on-going, patterned, orderly, and complex process that pertains to all humans, yet remains uniquely individual (Myrick, 1987). Human development involves a lifelong set of physiological, psychological, and social processes that begin at birth and continue until death. The personality is required to unfold, evolve and evolve again. However, it is during the period of adolescence, roughly between ages 12 and 18, that the most rigorous physiological, psychological, and social changes occur (Barrish & Barrish, 1989; Tosi, 1974).


The Relationship Of Attitudes Between Advisors In Advisory Roles And Advisees Of These Advisors, Kathy J. Dvorak Jan 1992

The Relationship Of Attitudes Between Advisors In Advisory Roles And Advisees Of These Advisors, Kathy J. Dvorak

Graduate Research Papers

An advisor-advisee program ls one of many fundamental concepts operating in an effective middle school. To develop a successful advisor-advisee program, schools must seriously train teachers for their role as an advisor. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between staff and students' attitudes towards an advisor-advisee program. This study included twenty-six staff members and three hundred and twenty students. Staff and students were surveyed through the use of separate survey instruments. The surveys were used to communicate their level of satisfaction toward the advisor-advisee program. Attitudes of staff as well as students were …


A Vision For School Business Management: A Reflective Essay, Dennis E. Scudder Jan 1992

A Vision For School Business Management: A Reflective Essay, Dennis E. Scudder

Graduate Research Papers

My decision to enter the Educational Administration program at this point in my life was influenced by a number of factors. Personal, professional and economic goals all played a role. The decision was not made under duress as there was no impending pressure from any other source to complete such a program. There were in fact a number of impediments to beginning an endeavor which required so large a commitment of time, energy and resources. In the final analysis the decision was made in the context of cost-benefit which all business administrators must utilize when making important decisions.


Extending The Literature Base Of A Basal Reading Program, Jo Ellen Sturm Jan 1992

Extending The Literature Base Of A Basal Reading Program, Jo Ellen Sturm

Graduate Research Papers

This paper will present a rationale for extending the literature base of a reading program that is mandated to be centered on a basal reader series and will discuss ways to implement literature experiences through an example unit.


Developmental Fears Of Elementary Children: A Review Of The Literature, Melinda K. Smoldt Jan 1992

Developmental Fears Of Elementary Children: A Review Of The Literature, Melinda K. Smoldt

Graduate Research Papers

It has been estimated that clinical treatment for fear-related disorders has been sought for between 4 and 8% of the children in the United States. It is hypothesized that twice as many children who are potential patients remain untreated (Morris & Kratochwill, 1983). Further, the effects of fear may carry over into school and affect academic work (Robinson, Rotter, Fey, & Robinson, 1991; Robinson, Robinson, & Whetsell, 1988). Fear may range from that which serves to enhance positive self preservation to that which has an inhibiting or debilitating affect on children (Robinson et al., 1988).


A Concept Of The Secondary Principal And The School: A Reflective Essay, Richard W. Suchy Jan 1992

A Concept Of The Secondary Principal And The School: A Reflective Essay, Richard W. Suchy

Graduate Research Papers

Having been a teacher for more than twenty years, I felt that I had a good understanding of the role of the principal as I began my educational administration program. Through my experiences the last several years, both in and out of my educational administration courses, I have found that what I knew was less than what I did not know. I have gained experience and understanding, and I welcome the opportunity to continue to learn as well as the opportunity to lead. This paper focuses on those elements of education and administration that either have been new to me …


Gilligan's Theory Of Women's Moral Development: Implications For Student Affairs Practitioners, Ivonne Arroyo Picard Jan 1992

Gilligan's Theory Of Women's Moral Development: Implications For Student Affairs Practitioners, Ivonne Arroyo Picard

Graduate Research Papers

More and more educators are beginning to recognize the difference between the moral development of men and women. Rogers (1989) found patterns in recent research that revealed the nontraditional "feminine" characteristics of care, empowerment, cooperation and emphasis on relationships are starting to be valued, and that there is less emphasis on the traditional male oriented values of competition and independence. Rogers also suggested that the difference between the moral orientation of men and women is a controversial theme that calls for a redefinition of human nature. According to Rogers, "in the heart of this redefinition will be a realization of …


Children Of Alcoholics: Implications For Counselors And Schools, Martha Jean Mcnutt Port Jan 1992

Children Of Alcoholics: Implications For Counselors And Schools, Martha Jean Mcnutt Port

Graduate Research Papers

Alcoholism is a disease of epidemic proportions in the United States. It is estimated that one-fifth of all Americans are problem drinkers (Cook, 1987). While alcoholism is generally recognized as a disease, it is not widely recognized as a family disease (Weddle & Wishon, 1986). However, alcoholism is a family illness because everyone in the family suffers. Parental alcoholism is a form of psychological maltreatment of 12-15 million children under the age of 18 (Tharinger & Koranek, 1988). McBride and Bennet (1991), Weddle and Wishon (1986), Roosa, Sandler, Gehring, Beals, and Cappo (1988), and Campbell (1988) all indicated that the …


A Preferred Vision For Administering Elementary Schools: A Reflective Essay, Patricia M. Powell Jan 1992

A Preferred Vision For Administering Elementary Schools: A Reflective Essay, Patricia M. Powell

Graduate Research Papers

The educational field has always been an important arena in my family. My Grandmother often related stories about her experiences in rural Iowa schools. My Mother also began her career in a one room school and worked very hard to finally earn her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1970. I remember both women discussing the teaching profession and realized the importance they placed on learning and educational success. I know that part of the reason that I entered teaching was to become part of the profession that was placed in such high regard in my family. Other reasons for entering …


Suicide Among College Students: Institutional Response, Christine Kaye Smith Jan 1992

Suicide Among College Students: Institutional Response, Christine Kaye Smith

Graduate Research Papers

Suicide is among the top ten leading causes of death in the United States (Mathiasen, 1988; Praeger & Bernhardt, 1985). Approximately 27,000 Americans commit suicide each year (Imhoff & Royster, 1985; Mathiasen, 1988). What is even more startling is the increase of suicide among young people. In the past 25 to 35 years, the adolescent suicide rate has tripled (Tishler, McHenry & Morgan, 1981; Rudd, 1989). Next to accidents, it is the leading cause of death in young people between 15 to 24 years of age and the second leading cause of death among college students. Some even say it …


Participative Collective Bargaining: Can It Work In An Educational Setting?, Sandra J. Waters Jan 1992

Participative Collective Bargaining: Can It Work In An Educational Setting?, Sandra J. Waters

Graduate Research Papers

Traditionally, collective bargaining in the educational setting has been likened to the industrial union model. School systems were built to reflect the industrial model of administration (Liontos, 1987). When teachers reached frustration levels over their inability to control fundamental aspects of their professional lives, they borrowed, like the school districts, a collective bargaining model from the industrial society (Glaser, 1989; Koppich and Kerchner, 1990) .


Revising And Editing In Writing Workshops : Teacher-Student Conferencing, Peer Conferencing, Self-Conferencing, Miriam Baker Jan 1992

Revising And Editing In Writing Workshops : Teacher-Student Conferencing, Peer Conferencing, Self-Conferencing, Miriam Baker

Graduate Research Papers

In the past ten years there have been major changes in the area of writing instruction. Calkins (1986), Graves (1983), Atwell (1987) and others have promoted the writing process where students choose to write about their own topics, conference about their work with teachers and peers, make revisions, edit, and publish. The process is often called Writers' Workshop with the emphasis placed on the individual writer's interests, skills, and needs. It has become an integral part of the Whole Language approach to the teaching of reading and writing.


Cooperative Learning: Its Many Effective Uses In The Mathematics Classroom, David H. Michels Jan 1992

Cooperative Learning: Its Many Effective Uses In The Mathematics Classroom, David H. Michels

Graduate Research Papers

Most middle school educators agree that a major challenge for middle school teachers is to seek ways to create classroom environments and school learning climates that promote school success while reducing the disappointment and futility that saps students of their drive to engage in the learning process. One proven route to meeting this challenge is the use of cooperative learning in the classroom (Tyrrell, 1990). Many studies have shown that students in cooperative learning groups learn more than do students in traditional programs (Slavin, 1987).


The Use Of Music In Facilitating Learning In The Elementary Content Classroom, Melodee Weisbrod Reineke Jan 1992

The Use Of Music In Facilitating Learning In The Elementary Content Classroom, Melodee Weisbrod Reineke

Graduate Research Papers

The use of music in facilitating learning in the elementary content classroom was investigated. Music has been noted to be a part of such subjects as reading, language, science, mathematics, physical education, and art. Integrating music with these subjects was discussed. Current pilot programs include the following: Learning to Read Through the Arts (LTRTA), rap, Suggestopedia, Soviet Sleep Learning, Tomatis Method, Accelerated Learning (SALT), and background music while studying. Practical music activities for the elementary content classroom were mentioned. Much of the literature reviewed included theoretical articles, research studies and articles of application. It was concluded that more statistical research …


What Planning Methods Should Be Incorporated When Using A Computer Aided Medium For Training: A Practical Paper, Chuck Sengstock Jan 1992

What Planning Methods Should Be Incorporated When Using A Computer Aided Medium For Training: A Practical Paper, Chuck Sengstock

Graduate Research Papers

In today's ever-changing, highly technological world, it can be a difficult task for the instructional designer to correctly design effective computer-based courseware for instructional purposes. Considerations regarding hardware must be examined in ways of compatibility and cost. Courseware design and implementation must also be evaluated using methods specifically designed for the delivery system or platform being used.


Educating Baby: Preparing Children For Future School Success, Jill R. Bergman Jan 1992

Educating Baby: Preparing Children For Future School Success, Jill R. Bergman

Graduate Research Papers

Parents generally are their children's first teachers. Children learn more in their first five years than at any other five year time period in their life. Ninety percent of all requisite intellectual skills are learned by children before they enter school (Disibio, 1984). "Some researchers suggest that maternal socialization, and teaching patterns in particular, are strong predictors of later intellectual and cognitive performances" (Moreno, 1991, p. 395). Therefore, parents play extremely important parts in the education of their children.


Value Of Reading Aloud To Children, Sandy K. Aronson Jan 1992

Value Of Reading Aloud To Children, Sandy K. Aronson

Graduate Research Papers

Guiding children into the world of quality literature is one of the greatest gifts parents and teachers can give to their children. Enjoyment of a piece is the first purpose of literature. Literature develops imagination, offers vicarious experiences, and develops insight into human behavior. Through quality literature, one can respond to the universality of human conflict. Literature can constitute a curricular base as it provides models of language and exposure to the meanings provided by the various genres and offers natural connections between the comprehension/composition processes (Huck, Hepler, & Hickman, 1987).


Portfolio-Based Assessment In The Language Arts Curriculum, Lonni Hanson Johnson Jan 1992

Portfolio-Based Assessment In The Language Arts Curriculum, Lonni Hanson Johnson

Graduate Research Papers

The implementation of the whole language concept into language arts instructional programs has necessitated a change in assessment. This instructional concept focuses on children's involvement in the language processes to create meaning. Through engaging in these processes, children's language abilities are developed.


Experiences With Predictable Text In A Chapter I Reading Program, Rona R. Loss Jan 1992

Experiences With Predictable Text In A Chapter I Reading Program, Rona R. Loss

Graduate Research Papers

Nurturing children's emerging literacy is currently a well-publicized goal for schools. Much concern is expressed by educators and the public for students who finish their education without acquiring language abilities that will support them in their adult life. Educators are recognizing that literacy emerges at an early age, long before children come to school. Educators are building school reading and writing programs on the oral and written language experiences children bring to school. As in their preschool years, children in school instruction should have opportunities to use language in ways that are purposeful, meaningful, and natural within the structure of …


Factors Associated With Teacher Education Faculty Employing The Use Of Computers/Cai In Their Teaching, Winston Mayers Jan 1992

Factors Associated With Teacher Education Faculty Employing The Use Of Computers/Cai In Their Teaching, Winston Mayers

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this study was to find out what factors influence teacher education faculty to use computers/CAI in their teaching. Thirty (30) elementary and secondary Methods of Teaching faculty from the College of Education of the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) were randomly selected and interviewed using an interview protocol. Participants were categorized as Direct Users (n=9), Indirect Users (n=l2), and Non-Users (n=9). Interviews were held with each participant lasting for approximately thirty (30) minutes each. Factors which seem to influence computer/CAI use were subject area taught, having a computer at home, willingness to take risks, experience with computers, …


Promoting Children's Oral Language Development Through Story Retelling, Kathy M. Meyer Jan 1992

Promoting Children's Oral Language Development Through Story Retelling, Kathy M. Meyer

Graduate Research Papers

Meaningful language experiences offered to children at a young age nurture their emerging literacy. These experiences encourage children to be active participants in the language processes (Bredekamp, 1987). Their involvement in the language processes can be greatly enhanced through a quality literature base (Strickland & Morrow, 1989b). One type of literature-based experience that facilitates children 1 s emerging language abilities is the oral retelling of stories that they have heard or read (Magee & Sutton-Smith, 1983). Retellings resemble a long-established form of behavior called 11 telling about 11 (Brown & Cambourne, 1987). Telling about something that has happened is a …


An Investigation Into Environmental Attitudes Of Sixth Grade Earth Science Students, Richard J. Stout Jan 1992

An Investigation Into Environmental Attitudes Of Sixth Grade Earth Science Students, Richard J. Stout

Graduate Research Papers

"Environmental education is at a new crossroads in its evolution. Environmental educators all want to save this p 1 a net from tot a 1 human destruction." 1990).


Using The Writing Portfolio To Reflect Reading Progress At The First-Grade Level, Roberta Kay Hass Jan 1992

Using The Writing Portfolio To Reflect Reading Progress At The First-Grade Level, Roberta Kay Hass

Graduate Research Papers

Maintaining portfolios of students' writings has become a popular means of assessing both students' progress and program effectiveness in writing at the first-grade level. The strong relationship that exists between writing processes and reading processes indicates that writing portfolios may provide a productive source of information for a teacher in assessing first-grade students' progress in reading processes as well as in writing ability. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a background of information and a rationale that will support the use of writing portfolios to assess both writing and reading processes at the first grade level.


Fostering Spelling Ability, Beth Dykstra-Van Meeteren Jan 1992

Fostering Spelling Ability, Beth Dykstra-Van Meeteren

Graduate Research Papers

Many teachers of primary-age children are seeking to implement the whole language concept into instructional programs by focusing on children's involvement in the language processes (comprehension and composition). Smith and Goodman (1971) explain that the whole language concept is based on the nature of language and how children learn language. As children engage in the language processes, language abilities emerge. Children generate their own hypotheses about the regularity underlying language, test them, and revise these hypotheses based on the feedback they receive.


Reading Recovery: An Early Intervention Program. An Investigation Of Chapter 1 Coordinators' Interests In Implementing Reading Recovery, Sandra Kay Davis Jan 1992

Reading Recovery: An Early Intervention Program. An Investigation Of Chapter 1 Coordinators' Interests In Implementing Reading Recovery, Sandra Kay Davis

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this study was to examine the research on Reading Recovery, a program that provides early intervention for first graders having difficulty in learning to read. Reading Recovery has shown a much higher rate of success for improving literacy then other remedial programs such as Chapter 1 or learning disabilities programs. A further purpose of this study was to determine the amount of knowledge of Iowa Chapter 1 coordinators in Reading Recovery. It also examined the degree of interest of Iowa Chapter 1 coordinators in Reading Recovery. In a randomized survey sent to Chapter 1 coordinators in the …


Teacher-Home Communication: Fostering Emergent Writing Abilities Of Preschool And Kindergarten Children, Roxanne F. Tjaden Jan 1992

Teacher-Home Communication: Fostering Emergent Writing Abilities Of Preschool And Kindergarten Children, Roxanne F. Tjaden

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to explore ways teachers can explain emergent writing to parents of preschool and kindergarten children and to provide ideas for home activities that will foster children's writing abilities.