Education Commons^™

Assessing The Public Acceptability Of Proposed Policy Interventions To Reduce The Misuse Of Antibiotics In Australia: A Report On Two Community Juries, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson, Jon Iredell, Ky-Anh Nguyen, Jacqueline M. Norris, John Turnidge, Angus Dawson, Stacy M. Carter, Gwendolyn L. Gilbert

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To elicit the views of well-informed community members on the acceptability of proposed policy interventions designed to improve community use of antibiotics in Australia. Design: Two community juries held in 2016. Setting and participants: Western Sydney and Dubbo communities in NSW, Australia. Twenty-nine participants of diverse social and cultural backgrounds, mixed genders and ages recruited via public advertising: one jury was drawn from a large metropolitan setting; the other from a regional/rural setting. Main outcome measure: Jury verdict and rationale in response to a prioritization task and structured questions. Results: Both juries concluded that potential policy interventions to curb …

What Is The Impact Of Professional Learning On Physical Activity Interventions Among Preschool Children? A Systematic Review, Michele Peden, Anthony D. Okely, Michelle J. Eady, Rachel A. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate professional learning models (length, mode, content) offered as part of objectively measured physical childcare-based interventions. A systematic review of eight electronic databases was conducted to June 2017. Only English, peer-reviewed studies that evaluated childcare-based physical activity interventions, incorporated professional learning and reported objectively measured physical activity were included. Study designs included randomized controlled trails, cluster randomized trials, experimental or pilot studies. The search identified 11 studies. Ten studies objectively measured physical activity using accelerometers; five studies used both accelerometer and direct observation tools and one study measured physical activity using direct …

Getting Through The Day And Still Having A Smile On My Face! How Do Students Define Success In The University Learning Environment?, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea, Janine Delahunty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The expression 'student success' has gained traction in the university sector and has been applied to various aspects of the higher education (HE) learning trajectory. Yet, 'success' is an amorphous term that means distinctive things to various stakeholders in any educational undertaking. When the literature on this field is examined, it is surprising that the ways in which students themselves articulate success within the university have rarely been explored in qualitative depth. This article details a study that applies the Capabilities Approach to understand how individual learners reflected upon success and how understandings of this concept might be used to …

Pram Mobilities: Affordances And Atmospheres That Assemble Childhood And Motherhood On-The-Move, Susannah Clement, Gordon R. Waitt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The child-friendly city advocates for children's 'right to the city'. Much of this advocacy focuses on the independent child, with little attention paid to the accompanied experiences of younger children, such as those travelling in prams. This paper draws on a material feminist perspective to help address this gap. We offer the concept of mother-child-pram assemblage to bring to the fore the corporeal dimensions of everyday pram journeys. By analysing sensory ethnographic materials collected with mothers and young children living in Wollongong, Australia, this paper highlights how the 'affective affordances' and 'affective atmospheres' of pram mobilities shape urban experience by …

Executive Function Associated With Sexual Risk In Young South African Women: Findings From The Hptn 068 Cohort, Molly Rosenberg, Audrey Pettifor, Mihaela Duta, Nele Demeyere, Ryan Wagner, Amanda Selin, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Oliver Laeyendecker, James Hughes, Alan Stein, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose Heightened sexual risk in adolescence and young adulthood may be partially explained by deficits in executive functioning, the set of cognitive processes used to make reasoned decisions. However, the association between executive function and sexual risk is understudied among adolescent girls and young women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Methods In a cohort of 853 young women age 18±25 in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa, we evaluated executive function with three non-verbal cognitive tests: I. a rule-finding test, II. a trail-making test, and III. a figure drawing test. Using log-binomial regression models, we estimated the association between lower …

The Long And Winding Road: Experiences Of Students Entering University Through Transition Programs, Theresa Millman, Jacinta M. Mcnamara

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article presents outcomes of two studies which focus on the lived experience of transition by students entering higher education in NSW (New South Wales), Australia, from two divergent pathways: Technical and Further Education (TAFE) and a university based enabling program. The studies intersect in two fundamental ways. First, the theoretical foundations (Mezirow's Transformational Learning Theory and Bourdieu's Social Capital Theory) which emphasise the role of habits of mind and the habitus respectively in an individual's life. Second, both studies have identified the primacy of the contribution of education to changing notions of self. The studies have found that successful …

Body Mass Index Categories And Attained Height In Portuguese Adults, Rafaela Rosario, Renata Barros, Patricia Padrao, Rute Santos, Vitor Teixeira, Oscar Lopes, Nelson Andrade, Andre Moreira, Pedro Moreira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To analyze the associations between height and BMI categories in a Portuguese representative sample. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 32,644 Portuguese adults (52.4% females). Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained along with self-reported height and weight. We performed generalized linear models to assess the differences in attained height across BMI categories; analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, family income per month, proxy reporting information, dietary patterns, and smoking. Results: BMI categories included underweight and normal weight (46.4%), overweight (37.6%), obese class I and II (15.2%), and obese class III (0.8%). Adults with …

Biophysically Based Method To Deconvolve Spatiotemporal Neurovascular Signals From Fmri Data, J Pang, K M. Aquino, Peter Robinson, T C. Lacy, Mark M. Schira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018 Elsevier B.V. Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly used to infer hemodynamic changes in the brain after increased neural activity, measuring the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal. An important challenge in the analyses of fMRI data is to develop methods that can accurately deconvolve the BOLD signal to extract the driving neural activity and the underlying cerebrovascular effects. New method: A biophysically based method is developed, which combines an extensively verified physiological hemodynamic model with a Wiener filter, to deconvolve the BOLD signal. Results: The method is able to simultaneously obtain spatiotemporal images of underlying neurovascular signals, …

Automating The Black Art: Creative Places For Artificial Intelligence In Audio Mastering, Thomas Birtchnell, Anthony Elliott

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this paper, we consider the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in the creative economy of music production. One sector in particular, audio post-production, is experiencing rapid change due to AI and various other forms of automation. This spells major changes, now and in the future, for skills, employment and work. Many accounts on the role of machine automation in occupational instability-specifically, reductions in human employment-have focused on the manufacturing (assembly lines) and service (financial, legal and administration) sectors: so-called blue- and white-collar jobs. However, there are as yet only limited forays into the possible consequences of AI in the …

Pacific Islands Field Education (Pife): 2017 Report, Jioji Ravulo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Celebrating its 5th year, the Pacific Islands Field Education (PIFE) initiative continues to implement new and innovative approaches to developing placement opportunities for social work students through Western Sydney University alongside its partnering institution, the University of the South Pacific. Since 2012, thirty-two undergraduate students have successfully completed their final fourth year placement in the Pacific, with the view to also support the development of teaching and learning practices on Pacific social work, and the desire to further enhance the evolving professional identity of social work across Oceania. In 2017, the initiative saw 12 undergraduate students sent (our biggest cohort …

Undesirable Difficulty Effects In The Learning Of High-Element Interactivity Materials, Ouhao Chen, Juan Cristobal Castro-Alonso, Fred Paas, John Sweller

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

According to the concept of desirable difficulties, introducing difficulties in learning may sacrifice short-term performance in order to benefit long-term retention of learning. We describe three types of desirable difficulty effects: testing, generation, and varied conditions of practice. The empirical literature indicates that desirable difficulty effects are not always obtained and we suggest that cognitive load theory may be used to explain many of these contradictory results. Many failures to obtain desirable difficulty effects may occur under conditions where working memory is already stressed due to the use of high element interactivity information. Under such conditions, the introduction of additional …

Sustained Impact Of Energy-Dense Tv And Online Food Advertising On Children's Dietary Intake: A Within-Subject, Randomised, Crossover, Counter-Balanced Trial, Jennifer A. Norman, Bridget Kelly, Anne T. Mcmahon, Emma J. Boyland, Louise A. Baur, Kathy Chapman, Lesley King, Clare Hughes, Adrian E. Bauman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Policies restricting children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing have been impeded by the lack of evidence showing a direct link between food advertising exposure and children's energy intake and body weight. Food advertising exposure increases children's immediate food consumption, but whether this increased intake is compensated for at later eating occasions is not known; consequently the sustained effect on diets remains unclear. Methods We conducted a within-subject, randomised, crossover, counterbalanced study across four, six-day holiday camps in New South Wales, Australia between April 2016 and January 2017. Children (7-12 years, n = 160) were recruited via local schools, email …

Shores: Sharks, Nets And More-Than-Human Territory In Eastern Australia, Leah Maree Gibbs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In Australia, for eight months of each year Sydney's most popular beaches are laced with fishing nets. Stretching 150 metres (492 feet) across, and set within 500 metres (1,640 feet) of the shore, the nets are anchored off fifty-one beaches between Newcastle in the north and Wollongong in the south. The aim of the Shark Meshing (Bather Protection) Program NSW is to reduce the risk of dangerous encounters between sharks and people, and specifically to deter sharks from establishing territories (Department of Primary Industries NSW 2009, 2015). Program managers achieve such ends by devising and deploying tools and employing people …

Inclination Towards Research And The Pursuit Of A Research Career Among Medical Students: An International Cohort Study, Tam C. Ha, Sheryl Ng, Cynthia Chen, Sook Kwin Yong, Gerald Choon Huat Koh, Say Beng Tan, Rahul Malhotra, Fernando Altermatt, Arnfinn Seim, Aya Biderman, Torres Woolley, Truls Ostbye

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Involvement of clinicians in biomedical research is imperative for the future of healthcare. Several factors influence clinicians' inclination towards research: the medical school experience, exposure to research article reading and writing, and knowledge of research. This cohort study follows up medical students at time of graduation to explore changes in their inclination towards research and pursuing a research career compared to their inclination at time of entry into medical school. Methods: Students from medical schools in six different countries were enrolled in their first year of school and followed-up upon graduation in their final year. Students answered the same …

The Predominant Learning Approaches Of Medical Students, Sonali P. Chonkar, Tam C. Ha, Sarah Chu, Ada X. Ng, Melissa Lim, Tat X. Ee, Mor J. Ng, Kok H. Tan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background By identifying medical students’ learning approaches and the factors that influence students’ learning approaches, medical schools and health care institutions are better equipped to intervene and optimize their learning experience. The aims of our study is to determine the predominant learning approach amongst medical students on a clinical posting in a hospital in Singapore and to examine the demographic factors that affect their learning approach. Methods The Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) questionnaire was administered to 250 medical students from various medical schools on clinical attachment to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) department of KK Women’s …

‘It’S Because I Like Things… It’S A Status And He Buys Me Airtime’: Exploring The Role Of Transactional Sex In Young Women’S Consumption Patterns In Rural South Africa (Secondary Findings From Hptn 068), Meghna Ranganathan, Lori Heise, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Heidi Stockl, Richard J. Silverwood, Kathleen Kahn, Amanda Selin, F Gomez-Olive, Charlotte Watts, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background ‘Transactional sex’, defined as a non-marital, non-commercial sexual relationship in which money or material goods are exchanged for sex, is associated with young women’s increased vulnerability to HIV infection. Existing research illustrates that the motivations for transactional sex are complex. The fulfilment of psycho-social needs such as the need to belong to a peer group are important factors underlying young women’s desires to obtain certain consumption items and thus engage in transactional sex. Methods We use a mixed-methods approach to explore the relationship between transactional sex and consumption patterns among young women in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. In …

People With Disability In Libya Are A Medicalised Minority: Findings Of A Scoping Review, Anne Cusick, Rania M. Hamed El Sahly

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study used a scoping review methodology to identify, collate and summarise published literature relating to people with disability in Libya. Most sources came from peak international agencies, some from humanitarian agency media releases, a few were Libyan government reports and very little from scholarly journals. Four themes summarize findings and provide a means to examine assumptions regarding people with disability in Libya: (1) scant data and information gaps are the norm; (2) disability is a medical problem to be managed; (3) acquisition context matters: conflict versus non-conflict disability; and (4) disability human rights - social model on paper but …

Community Mobilization To Modify Harmful Gender Norms And Reduce Hiv Risk: Results From A Community Cluster Randomized Trial In South Africa, Audrey Pettifor, Sheri Lippman, Ann Gottert, Chirayath Suchindran, Amanda Selin, Dean Peacock, Suzanne Maman, Dumisani Rebombo, Rhian Twine, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Community mobilization (CM) is increasingly recognized as critical to generating changes in social norms and behaviours needed to achieve reductions in HIV. We conducted a CM intervention to modify negative gender norms, particularly among men, in order to reduce associated HIV risk.

Methods: Twenty two villages in the Agincourt Health and Socio‐Demographic Surveillance Site in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa were randomized to either a theory‐based, gender transformative, CM intervention or no intervention. Two cross‐sectional, population‐based surveys were conducted in 2012 (pre‐intervention, n = 600 women; n = 581 men) and 2014 (post‐intervention, n = 600 women; n …

Converting Between Estimates Of Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity Derived From Raw Accelerations Measured At The Wrist And From Actigraph Counts Measured At The Hip: The Rosetta Stone, Keith Brazendale, Michael W. Beets, Alex V. Rowlands, Jessica Chandler, Stuart J. Fairclough, Lynne M. Boddy, Timothy S. Olds, Gaynor C. Parfitt, Rob J. Noonan, Samantha J. Downs, Dylan P. Cliff

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The ability to compare published group-level estimates of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across studies continues to increase in difficulty. The objective of this study was to develop conversion equations and demonstrate their utility to compare estimates of MVPA derived from the wrist and hip. Three studies of youth (N = 232, 9-12yrs, 50% boys) concurrently wore a hip-worn ActiGraph and a wrist-worn GENEActiv for 7-days. ActiGraph hip count data were reduced using four established cutpoints. Wrist accelerations were reduced using the Hildebrand MVPA 200 mg threshold. Conversion equations were developed on a randomly selected subsample of 132 youth. …

Early Childhood Media Exposure And Self-Regulation: Bidirectional Longitudinal Associations, Dylan P. Cliff, Steven J. Howard, Jenny Radesky, Jade Mcneill, Stewart A. Vella

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To investigate: 1) prospective associations between media exposure (television viewing, computers, and electronic games) at 2 years and self-regulation at 4 and 6 years, and 2) bidirectional associations between media exposure and self-regulation at 4 and 6 years. We hypothesized that media exposure and self-regulation would show a negative prospective association and subsequent bidirectional inverse associations. Methods: Data from the nationally-representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children when children were aged 2 years (n = 2786) and 4/6 years (n = 3527) were used. Primary caregivers reported children's weekly electronic media exposure. A composite measure of self-regulation was computed from …

Fruit, Vegetable Consumption And Blood Pressure In Healthy Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis From The Labmed Study, Rafaela Rosario, Rute Santos, Luis Carlos Oliveira Lopes, Cesar A. Agostinis-Sobrinho, Carla Moreira, Jorge Mota, Susana Povoas, Andreia Oliveira, Patricia Padrao, Pedro Moreira, Sandra Abreu

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background and aims: The associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and high blood pressure among adults are well studied. Nonetheless, data on the influence of a low consumption of fruit and vegetables on cardiovascular disease risk, particularly blood pressure, among healthy adolescents are scarce. Therefore, we aim to analyse the associations between fruit and/or vegetable intake and blood pressure over a two-year period in healthy adolescents. Methods and results: As part of a cohort, 606 adolescents from the LabMed Physical Activity study were evaluated in 2011 (baseline) and 2013 (follow-up). Blood pressure was measured according to standardized procedures and fruit …

Towards Sustainable Technology-Enhanced Innovation In Higher Education: Advancing Learning Design By Understanding And Supporting Teacher Design Practice, Sue Bennett, Lori Lockyer, Shirley Agostinho

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Improving teacher design promises to be a scalable, sustainable approach to building capacity amongst a workforce faced with complex and evolving drivers of change in higher education worldwide. While design has long been recognised as a routine part of teaching, there has been renewed interest in supporting and understanding the design work that teachers do to foster innovation, particularly in technology-enhanced learning, at institutional scale by influencing teachers' practices. Re-framing teaching as design usefully emphasises the creative problem-solving needed to balance pedagogical, logistical and technical considerations within specific educational contexts, tailored to learners' needs. There is potential for this re-framing …

"Fitting Into The Teaching Profession": Supervising Teachers' Judgements During The Practicum, Lynn D. Sheridan, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study explores supervising teachers' judgements about pre-service teachers during a practicum experience. Making judgements is a complex, subjective process with judgements being conscious and intuitive, influenced by individual beliefs, contextual expectations and personal learning biographies. This research draws on Social Judgement Theory to guide the analysis of data collected from interviews with experienced supervising teachers. Analysis indicated that the supervisors placed most emphasis on 'personal qualities' of pre-service teachers. This has implications for the selection of candidates for teaching, the importance of non-academic capabilities in teaching and the development of pre-service teachers' personal qualities within initial teacher education programs.

Does Partner Selection Mediate The Relationship Between School Attendance And Hiv/Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Among Adolescent Girls And Young Women In South Africa: An Analysis Of Hiv Prevention Trials Network 068 Data, Marie Stoner, Jessie Edwards, William Miller, Allison Aiello, Carolyn Halpern, Aimee Julien, Katherine B. Rucinski, Amanda Selin, Rhian Twine, James Hughes, Jing Wang, Yaw Agyei, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Ryan Wagner, Oliver Laeyendecker, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: School attendance prevents HIV and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) in adolescent girls and young women, but the mechanisms to explain this relationship remain unclear. Our study assesses the extent to which characteristics of sex partners, partner age, and number mediate the relationship between attendance and risk of infection in adolescent girls and young women in South Africa.

Design: We use longitudinal data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 randomized controlled trial in rural South Africa, where girls were enrolled in early adolescence and followed in the main trial for more than 3 years. We examined older …

Prestimulus Delta And Theta Contributions To Equiprobable Go/Nogo Processing In Healthy Ageing, Frances M. De Blasio, Robert J. Barry

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018 Elsevier B.V. Ongoing EEG activity contributes to ERP outcomes of stimulus processing, and each of these measures is known to undergo (sometimes significant) age-related change. Variation in their relationship across the life-span may thus elucidate mechanisms of normal and pathological ageing. This study assessed the relationships between low-frequency EEG prestimulus brain states, the ERP, and behavioural outcomes in a simple equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo paradigm, comparing these for 20 young (Mage= 20.4 years) and 20 healthy older (Mage= 68.2 years) adults. Prestimulus delta and theta amplitudes were separately assessed; these were each dominant across the midline region, and reduced in …

Pilot Of An Acceptance And Commitment Therapy And Schema Group Intervention For Mental Health Carer's Interpersonal Problems, Elly L. Quinlan, Frank P. Deane, Trevor P. Crowe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The term ‘mental health carer’ refers to any person who voluntarily provides ongoing care and assistance to another person because of mental health issues (Carers Recognition Act, 2010).

Acute Eeg Patterns Associated With Transient Ischemic Attack, Jeffrey M. Rogers, Jacob Bechara, Sandy Middleton, Stuart J. Johnstone

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ECNS) 2018. Background. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is characterized by stroke-like neurologic signs and symptoms in the absence of demonstrable structural neuropathology. There is no test for TIA, with classification often reliant on subjective, retrospective report. Functional brain measures such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) may be helpful in objectively detecting and describing the pathophysiology of TIA, but this has not been adequately examined. Methods. EEG was obtained from a single electrode over the left frontal lobe during 3-minute resting-state and auditory oddball conditions administered to consecutive patients within 72 hours of admission to the acute …

Gender Differences In The Relationship Of Weight-Based Stigmatisation With Motivation To Exercise And Physical Activity In Overweight Individuals, Krystal Sattler, Frank P. Deane, Linda C. Tapsell, Peter James Kelly

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Author(s) 2018. Weight stigma is related to lower levels of motivation to exercise in overweight and obesity. This study explored the nature of the relationship between stigma, motivation to exercise and physical activity while accounting for gender differences. Participants were 439 adults with overweight and obesity (mean body mass index = 32.18 kg/m2, standard deviation = 4.09 kg/m2). Females reported significantly more frequent stigma experiences than males. Mediation models found a conditional direct effect of weight stigma for males, with higher frequency of stigma experiences related to higher levels of walking and vigorous physical activity. A conditional indirect effect …

What Do Your Earliest Childhood Memories Say About You?, Penny Van Bergen, Amy L. Bird, Rebecca Andrews

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Support To Enhance Level Of Implementation In Physical Activity Interventions: An Observational Study, Karel Strooband, Rebecca M. Stanley, Anthony D. Okely, Rachel A. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018, Early Childhood Australia Inc. All Rights reserved. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO DESCRIBE the level of implementation (LOI) of the Jump Start study, and examine the relationship between LOI changes and the support types provided to early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres. Direct observations were conducted in 21 ECEC centres at six months and 12 months after the start of the intervention. Each centre's LOI percentage was calculated and classified into high, medium or low implementers using objective criteria. Support strategies were determined by LOI at first observation. Pearson correlations between the support types and LOI were calculated using …