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Liberty University

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

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Full-Text Articles in Education

Family Functionality And Social-Emotional Learning Skills For Middle School Students: A Predictive Correlational Study, Elisabeth Anne Chapman Aug 2024

Family Functionality And Social-Emotional Learning Skills For Middle School Students: A Predictive Correlational Study, Elisabeth Anne Chapman

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative, predictive correlational study was to determine if there was a predictive relationship between family functionality, based on the linear combination of expressiveness, cohesion, conflict, and social-emotional learning skills for middle school students. The findings of this study provided data to better understand the extent to which home life impacts the ability of middle school students to apply social-emotional skills at school and can provide educators with data to use as a baseline in understanding and evaluating the current levels of a child’s social-emotional learning skills. The research observed 80 middle school students, Grades 6-8, …


Examining The Perspectives Of General Education Teachers In Implementing A Multi-Tiered System Of Support: A Qualitative Study, Kristina Nelsen Aug 2024

Examining The Perspectives Of General Education Teachers In Implementing A Multi-Tiered System Of Support: A Qualitative Study, Kristina Nelsen

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this multiple case study was to discover the perceptions of implementing a Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS), which included the roles that collaboration, Professional Learning Communities (PLCs), and professional development played in implementation for elementary general education teachers at rural public school districts in northeast Nebraska. The theory guiding this study was Chrislip and Larson's theory on collaborative leadership, as it supported the vitality of understanding the success of implementing MTSS from a collaborative lens. The central research question was: What are elementary general education teachers' perceptions of implementing MTSS in rural public school districts in northeast …


A Causal-Comparative Study Of The Writing Motivational Constructs Of Students With And Without Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder In Online College Composition Courses, Michelle Bianco Aug 2024

A Causal-Comparative Study Of The Writing Motivational Constructs Of Students With And Without Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder In Online College Composition Courses, Michelle Bianco

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, non-experimental, causal-comparative study is to determine if there is a difference in the writing motivation of students with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and students without ADHD in online college composition I courses. The study of writing motivation in relation to ADHD in online college composition courses is significant as writing motivation is a crucial predictor of academic success and persistence. Data was collected from a population of approximately 1685 students enrolled in online college composition I at an accredited online university within a larger midwestern land-grant public university system. Using the Writing Motivation Questionnaire and …


The Relationship Between High-Impact Educational Practices (Hips) And Institutional Integration And Persistence: A Predictive-Correlational Design, Amy L. O'Dell Aug 2024

The Relationship Between High-Impact Educational Practices (Hips) And Institutional Integration And Persistence: A Predictive-Correlational Design, Amy L. O'Dell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, predictive-correlational research study was to examine how well a linear combination of predictor variables, including course structure, is able to predict the levels of integration and rates of reenrollment among students at a regional, comprehensive university in the southwest. Higher education has a problem with attrition. Approximately 50% of undergraduates who begin their post-secondary education leave without completing a degree. Innovative classroom techniques, like high-impact practices (HIPs), may be a way to reduce student attrition. This study sought to investigate the affect that a unique HIP has on students’ levels of integration and rate of …


The Qualitative Ethnographic Research Of The Relationship Related To Parental Involvement, Community Support, And School Administrative Substructure Amid To Inner-City Title-I High School Band Programs In Memphis, Tennessee, Thomas Akil Perry Aug 2024

The Qualitative Ethnographic Research Of The Relationship Related To Parental Involvement, Community Support, And School Administrative Substructure Amid To Inner-City Title-I High School Band Programs In Memphis, Tennessee, Thomas Akil Perry

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative ethnographic research investigated the fundamental unsubstantiated relationship related to parental involvement, community support, and school administrative substructure amid two inner-city Title-I high school band programs. This qualitative research embraced an ethnographic process managed by anthropology and sociology approached framework geared to study cultural responses over some time based on similar analytical cultural statistics. This study depicts the socioeconomic domain of a high school band community, highlighting key factors that add to the success and decline of the inner-city and Title-I high school band programs. It was conducted within Memphis, TN, within the North Memphis region, outlining the Raleigh, …


A Phenomenological Study Of The Teaching Motivation For Teachers Of Color In Predominantly White Schools, Jennifer Lynn Mcconnell Aug 2024

A Phenomenological Study Of The Teaching Motivation For Teachers Of Color In Predominantly White Schools, Jennifer Lynn Mcconnell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The phenomenological study explores how teachers of color describe their lived experiences and motivations to teach at predominantly White K–12 public schools in Pennsylvania. The theory guiding the study is Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, which postulates that certain factors in the workplace, known as motivators, lead to job satisfaction. In contrast, others lead to dissatisfaction, known as hygiene factors. Herzberg's theory provides a valuable lens through which to examine the motivations of teachers of color to teach at predominantly White K–12 public schools in Pennsylvania. The qualitative research study explores the underlying factors influencing these teachers' commitments via interviews, …


The Effect Of Language Training In The Perceived Confidence Of Counseling Supervisors' Spiritual Integration In Supervisory Sessions, Wendy Celoria Aug 2024

The Effect Of Language Training In The Perceived Confidence Of Counseling Supervisors' Spiritual Integration In Supervisory Sessions, Wendy Celoria

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The religious and spiritual (R/S) aspects of multicultural counseling are difficult to navigate for counseling educators and supervisors. The supervisors’ responsibility is to equip counselors in training (CIT) to address various issues or topics confidently with clients. Multiculturalism continues to impact the counseling profession due to the diversity and complexity of treating clients. The spiritual component of multiculturalism remains a topic of broaching that can be uncertain for CIT and supervisors. This study describes the dynamics of supervisory relationships with supervisees and how that directly correlates with counselors and their clients. Next, the study evaluates the impact increased training in …


School Ethnic-Racial Socialization And Educator Practices: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology Qualitative Study, Cyntrenna C. Palmer Aug 2024

School Ethnic-Racial Socialization And Educator Practices: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology Qualitative Study, Cyntrenna C. Palmer

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutical phenomenological study was aimed to discover and interpret the educator’s experience as ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) agents of adolescent youth in schools in the United States. The theory guiding this study was Saleem and Byrd’s school ethnic-racial socialization conceptual model, as it highlights the importance of the school context in shaping adolescent youth ethnic-racial identity and the examination of educators as school ethnic-racial socialization agents. The central question is, what are the lived experiences of educators of adolescent youth as ethnic-racial socialization agents in public schools in the United States? There were 13 educators of adolescent …


Exploring The Role Of Innovation Across Social And Academic Integration For First-Generation Caribbean Undergraduate Persistence, Angelina Natasha Carvalhal Aug 2024

Exploring The Role Of Innovation Across Social And Academic Integration For First-Generation Caribbean Undergraduate Persistence, Angelina Natasha Carvalhal

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to understand how innovation across social and academic integration among first-generation Caribbean Undergraduates supports persistence at three public universities in the Northeast. The theory underpinning this study was Tinto’s dropout theory and theory of institutional departure. Tinto’s theory connected to this study of how supporting innovation through social and academic integration supports the persistence of first-generation Caribbean Undergraduates. The central research question guiding this study was: How has innovative academic content delivery affected the retention of first-generation Caribbean Undergraduates? Purposeful sampling was applied to interview students on-site, while random sampling was applied …


Perceived Degree Value Amongst Two-Year Technical School Graduates, And Regional Employers: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, Jonathan D. Hartwell Aug 2024

Perceived Degree Value Amongst Two-Year Technical School Graduates, And Regional Employers: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, Jonathan D. Hartwell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to gain an in-depth understanding of how graduates of Zion Mountain Institute of Technology (pseudonym), perceive the value of their two-year technical degrees as it relates to job satisfaction. In this research, job satisfaction is defined as the perceived value of the associate degree awarded. The theories that guided this study were Herzberg’s two-factor theory and Holland’s theory of vocational choice, as they both relate to job satisfaction or perceived degree value due to the correlation between employability, hygiene issues, motivators, and personality characteristics. The participant sample consisted of 10 recent graduates …


The Experience Of Middle School Special Education Teachers In New Jersey Teaching Virtually During Covid-19, Yolanda Henderson Aug 2024

The Experience Of Middle School Special Education Teachers In New Jersey Teaching Virtually During Covid-19, Yolanda Henderson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study is to describe the experiences of middle school special education teachers working remotely in New Jersey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The conceptual framework that guided this study was Schlossberg’s Transition Theory. Schlossberg's Transition Theory refers to events that result in a change of relationships, routines, assumptions, or roles. This theory allowed me to see the various phases such as moving in, through, and out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing how the pandemic affected the relationships, routines, and roles of teachers made it easy to understand how this theory related directly to the pandemic. …


Hip Hop Performing Arts Charter Schools: The Future Of Arts Education In Predominantly Non-White, Low Income, Underserved Rural Areas Of Louisiana, Anthony P. Shelton Aug 2024

Hip Hop Performing Arts Charter Schools: The Future Of Arts Education In Predominantly Non-White, Low Income, Underserved Rural Areas Of Louisiana, Anthony P. Shelton

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Some still view arts education as a non-essential extracurricular activity despite its benefits. Even though the Every Student Succeeds Act acknowledges arts education is a healthy and well-rounded subject, local, district, and state administrators still control budget allocation and cuts, which generally affect arts education. There has also been a decline or lack of interest in traditional learning methods in the arts and core subjects. Alternative student learning forms have shown benefits in suburban, urban, and inner-city schools. Still, there is little information about these methods in predominantly non-white rural schools. Research using qualitative methods examines the potential effectiveness of …


Experiences Of Asian American Students In Non-Stem Fields: A Phenomenological Study, Diem Nguyen Aug 2024

Experiences Of Asian American Students In Non-Stem Fields: A Phenomenological Study, Diem Nguyen

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to discover the lived experiences of choosing a non-STEM college major for Asian American students in the United States. The theory guiding this study was Bandura’s social cognitive theory, as it provided a foundation for understanding how cultural and environmental factors interact with internal motivations and interests to shape college and career choices. The study addressed the central research question: What are the lived experiences of Asian American students who have chosen non-STEM college majors? This phenomenological study used purposeful criterion sampling to select 12 Asian American participants who are pursuing a …


A Quasi-Experimental Study On The Effects Of Small Group Learning On Mathematical Resilience In Upper Elementary Students, Joshua Adam Costelnock Aug 2024

A Quasi-Experimental Study On The Effects Of Small Group Learning On Mathematical Resilience In Upper Elementary Students, Joshua Adam Costelnock

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental study was to determine the effect of small group learning during the core mathematics block on 5th-grade students’ mathematical resilience, compared to a control group. Student collaboration and mathematical discourse decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a drop in math proficiency levels in the United States. Approximately 80 5th-grade students from the southwest United States were divided into two sample groups of about 40 each. These groups were assessed using the Upper Elementary Mathematics Resilience Scale. One group primarily experienced teacher-centered whole group instruction, while the other group spent half of their daily …


Promoting Self-Advocacy Skills Development Of Students With Disabilities Transitioning From Middle To High School, Tina L. Norris Aug 2024

Promoting Self-Advocacy Skills Development Of Students With Disabilities Transitioning From Middle To High School, Tina L. Norris

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this single case study was to understand the importance of self-determination skills and how these developmental skills can help students with disabilities make choices, set goals, and take responsibility for their actions, so the students can have a successful transition to high school. The skills can help motivate students in developing a student-centered transition plan. The theory guiding this study is the self-determination theory, placing emphasis on how educators can address students’ basic psychological needs which are autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These needs can increase a student’s intrinsic motivation to achieve. Special education teachers at one high …


Perceptions Of K-12 Public Administrators To Improve Self-Efficacy And Work Conditions For Special Education Teachers: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, William Troy Traylor Aug 2024

Perceptions Of K-12 Public Administrators To Improve Self-Efficacy And Work Conditions For Special Education Teachers: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, William Troy Traylor

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenology was to explore the lived experiences of K-12 public-school administrators in special education, specifically what administrators believe is necessary to improve self-efficacy and working conditions for special education teachers. The theory that guided this research was Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy which is grounded in social cognitive theory. The theory of self-efficacy explains how individuals are agents of their own goals, actions, and destiny. The central research question that guided this study was what do K-12 public-school administrators perceive will improve self-efficacy and working conditions for special education teachers? A hermeneutic phenomenology was used to …


Exploring Student Perceptions Of Problem-Based Learning And Clinical Field Experiences: A Phenomenological Study, Ashley Michelle Boles Aug 2024

Exploring Student Perceptions Of Problem-Based Learning And Clinical Field Experiences: A Phenomenological Study, Ashley Michelle Boles

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand the experiences of participating in a physical therapy course primarily taught using problem-based learning teaching methods for Doctor of Physical Therapy students at a university in the mid-western United States. This study aimed to understand student perception of PBL and its effects on clinical field experiences (CFEs), specifically related to higher-order processing skills. The theory guiding this study was the social constructivism theory as it explains how knowledge acquisition and learning occurs through social interactions during problem-based learning activities. The central research question this study attempted to answer was: What were …


A Phenomenological Research On The Experiential Gains Of Filipino Special Education Exchange Program Teachers, Madonna Gervacio Gamez-Catiis Aug 2024

A Phenomenological Research On The Experiential Gains Of Filipino Special Education Exchange Program Teachers, Madonna Gervacio Gamez-Catiis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of Filipino special education teachers in California participating in the U.S. Department of State's Teacher Exchange program. Framed by human capital theory, the study aimed to answer the question: "What do Filipino special education teachers perceive as benefits of participating in the exchange program?" Data for this research were collected from 10 purposefully selected participants through in-depth interviews, letter writing, and organizational documents. In applying the modified Van Kaam method and the Hermeneutic cycle in the analysis, three overarching themes encapsulating the participants' multifaceted experiences …


The Experiences Of Christian School Educators In The Midwest Who Practice Consistent Prayer: A Phenomenological Study, Noemi Blig Aug 2024

The Experiences Of Christian School Educators In The Midwest Who Practice Consistent Prayer: A Phenomenological Study, Noemi Blig

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the experiences, especially those related to the practice of consistent prayer and their decisions to remain in the profession, of educators in Christian schools in the Midwest. The theory guiding this study was Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, as it shows how all individuals have basic needs that must be met. Teachers have individual needs that influence their decision to remain in the profession. The central research question asked: What are the experiences of Christian school educators who practice consistent prayer? A qualitative research study was appropriate for this topic since it …


A Phenomenological Study Exploring The Lived Experiences Of African American Couples Attending Premarital Counseling, Jamie J. Pettis Aug 2024

A Phenomenological Study Exploring The Lived Experiences Of African American Couples Attending Premarital Counseling, Jamie J. Pettis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of African American couples who completed a premarital counseling program in African American communities facilitated through local churches in New Jersey. How African American couples described their experiences attending a premarital counseling program in the African American church was the study’s central research question. The theory guiding this study was Schlossberg’s (1981) model of transition. This model offers a theoretical framework for understanding the experiences that African American couples endured in the transition from single to married. The study was a qualitative research using an interpretive phenomenological …


Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Secondary School Teachers Regarding Student Motivation Strategies: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Insight, Lakeita Lewis Lyles Aug 2024

Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Secondary School Teachers Regarding Student Motivation Strategies: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Insight, Lakeita Lewis Lyles

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study is to highlight the extent of missing student motivation guiding principles by describing the lived experiences of teachers in their efforts to bolster student motivation in United States secondary schools. The presence of disengaged and demotivated students in United States secondary school classrooms has become a common phenomenon. The theory guiding this study is Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory. The central research question used in this study was, how do secondary school teachers in Texas describe their experiences of the strategies they employ in bolstering student motivation? The study followed a qualitative inductive …


Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Mentees Involved In A University Transfer Program In A Two-Year Technical College: A Qualitative Case Study, Jason Ray Whiteside Aug 2024

Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Mentees Involved In A University Transfer Program In A Two-Year Technical College: A Qualitative Case Study, Jason Ray Whiteside

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the lived experiences of mentees involved in a University Transfer program in a two-year technical college. The theory guiding this study is Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory. Bandura postulated that learning occurs in the social context through observing and emulating a mentor (model), thus creating the opportunity for the mentee (observer) to acquire new practices and skills. The study consisted of 10 mentees who participated in individual interviews and focus groups and maintained a reflective journal to share their personal experiences with their assigned peer mentor during the mentorship. The …


An Examination Of The Influences Of Critical Thinking Tasks On Mathematics Instruction: A Qualitative Study, Glen E. Miller Aug 2024

An Examination Of The Influences Of Critical Thinking Tasks On Mathematics Instruction: A Qualitative Study, Glen E. Miller

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study will be to understand the mathematics critical thinking process for teachers in primary education in northern Virginia. The theory guiding this study is Kolb’s experiential learning theory, which applies to critical thinking processes. The central research question will be: What are the experiences of primary mathematics teachers implementing critical thinking? This qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study aims to determine the influences of critical thinking tasks on planning and instruction. Using qualified participants from northern Virginia, this study will collect data through interviews, a focus group, and document analysis. After data collection, the data will be …


Examining The Coach-Athlete Relationship As A Predictor Of High School Football Athlete Satisfaction, Mitchell P. Davis Aug 2024

Examining The Coach-Athlete Relationship As A Predictor Of High School Football Athlete Satisfaction, Mitchell P. Davis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the perceptions of high school football student athletes’ quality of their current coach-athlete relationship and their ratings of overall satisfaction within their sport. Additionally, this study aimed to determine if athlete perceptions of the current coach-athlete relationship was predictive of their current ratings of satisfaction. A total of 97 high school football student athletes from six Pennsylvania District III schools completed measures of coach-athlete relationship quality and athlete satisfaction. Participants reported positive perceptions of their current coach-athlete relationship as well as high ratings of overall satisfaction within the athletic domain. Implications …


Teacher Retention In Title I Schools: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Jessica Marie Stetekluh Cain Aug 2024

Teacher Retention In Title I Schools: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Jessica Marie Stetekluh Cain

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand the elements contributing to teacher retention through the lived experiences of K-5 teachers at Title I schools in the Southern United States. The theory guiding this study is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as it applies to teacher retention. The central research question of this study is as follows: what are the experiences related to retention of K-5 teachers who teach in a Title I school? The sample size included 10 participants. The sample was a convenience sample of teachers from three Title I schools in an urban school district in …


Perceptions Of The Classroom Environment And Academic Achievement For 7th And 8th Grade Students In Rural California: A Predictive Correlational Study, Joshua Kenneth Blackburn Aug 2024

Perceptions Of The Classroom Environment And Academic Achievement For 7th And 8th Grade Students In Rural California: A Predictive Correlational Study, Joshua Kenneth Blackburn

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, predictive correlational study is to determine if there is a predictive relationship between perceptions of classroom environment and academic achievement in reading and language usage for 7th and 8th grade students. The study builds on previous research that has explored the relationship between student needs and the learning environment, utilizing Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Skinner's radical behaviorism theory. One hundred and twenty-four 7th and 8th grade students from rural California participated in the study. The students were 7th and 8th grade students for the 2023/24 school year and were all from the same school …


Exploring The Role Of High School Administrator's Emotional Intelligence In Classroom Teachers' Perceptions Of Administrator Support: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, James Alex Weaver Aug 2024

Exploring The Role Of High School Administrator's Emotional Intelligence In Classroom Teachers' Perceptions Of Administrator Support: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, James Alex Weaver

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this study was to discover the role and influence of high school administrator’s emotional intelligence on classroom teachers’ perceptions of administrative support at a public high school in northern Delaware. The theory guiding this study is Goleman’s theory of emotional intelligence. This transcendental phenomenological study was concerned with ensuring that high school classroom teachers’ shared experiences regarding perceptions of administrator support at a public high school in northern Delaware as affected by emotional intelligence are described in a manner that allows for the phenomenon’s thematic elements to increase understanding. The study used individual interviews, focus groups, and …


English As A Second Language Teacher Training In China: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Keithe Wall Aug 2024

English As A Second Language Teacher Training In China: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Keithe Wall

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand and describe the lived experiences of foreign university English as an additional language instructor in China who had or were currently teaching at the tertiary level as it relates to teacher training and preparation programs. The theory that guided this study was Shulman’s Theory of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, as Shulman’s theory clearly defines the knowledge that instructors must possess to be effective, and teacher training and preparation can be more clearly understood through Shulman’s framework. The study’s methodology was a phenomenology design. Purposeful sampling was implemented. The study was conducted …


A Causal Comparative Study Of Learning Climate And Learning Strategy Among Students Of High- And Low-Performing Schools, Jove A. Wungow Aug 2024

A Causal Comparative Study Of Learning Climate And Learning Strategy Among Students Of High- And Low-Performing Schools, Jove A. Wungow

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, causal-comparative study was to determine whether school context quality (SCQ) affects students' learning climate and learning strategies in high schools. From the target population of two groups, 702 students of high-performing schools (HPS) and 2,300 students from low-performing schools (LPS), 102 participants were recruited with random sampling. The instrument LCQ (Learning Climate Questionnaire) version-5 was utilized to assess the learning climate and the MSLQ (Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) part B was used to assess the learning strategies. The students of HPS had higher Learning Strategy scores (M = 249.03, SD = 22.69) than students …


A Transcendental Phenomenological Study On First-Generation Native Hawaiian College Students' Persistence In Online Courses, Nikki K. Kinoshita Aug 2024

A Transcendental Phenomenological Study On First-Generation Native Hawaiian College Students' Persistence In Online Courses, Nikki K. Kinoshita

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences and persistence of first-generation native Hawaiian college students (FGNHCS) in their first online courses at the University of Hawai‘i Maui College in the Hawaiian Islands. Tinto's student integration theory provided the theoretical framework for the research study. The central research question was: How do first-generation Native Hawaiian college students (FGNHCS) describe their persistence and success in at least one online course? The methodology involved an in-depth exploration of the participants' experiences through a phenomenological lens. Using three data collection methods: individual interviews, reflective written assignments, and …