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Full-Text Articles in Education

The Experiences Of Low-Income Students Focusing On An Online Learning Environment In Southwest Georgia: A Hermeneutical Phenomenology, Jayda M. Williams Apr 2024

The Experiences Of Low-Income Students Focusing On An Online Learning Environment In Southwest Georgia: A Hermeneutical Phenomenology, Jayda M. Williams

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutical phenomenological study is to understand the experiences of low-income students in an online learning environment and how they are socially and academically integrated at an institution in southwest Georgia. Tinto’s 1997 revised student integration model and theory on how institutions must socially and academically integrate students to improve students’ persistence is to guide this research. The participants for this study are ten low-income students who participated in the data collection tools, which are surveys, focus groups, and individual interviews. The participants expressed their experiences, barriers, social and academic integration, and persistence in an online learning …


Navigating New Normals: Student Perceptions, Experiences, And Mental Health Service Utilization In Post-Pandemic Academia, Hadiza Galadima, Anne Dumadag, Cara Tonn Jan 2024

Navigating New Normals: Student Perceptions, Experiences, And Mental Health Service Utilization In Post-Pandemic Academia, Hadiza Galadima, Anne Dumadag, Cara Tonn

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

This study explores the profound impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education, focusing on shifts in learning experiences and students’ intentions to utilize mental health services post-pandemic. Utilizing Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, this study assesses perceptions from a stratified random sample of college students on post-pandemic learning experiences and mental health service utilization intentions. Findings reveal a positive reception to university initiatives and a preference for ongoing virtual classes. There is an evident increase in, and varying intentions for, using mental health services, shaped by demographics, employment, and prior service utilization. Younger and female students showed …


The Transformation Of Rural Elementary Classroom English Language Teachers During Distance Learning: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Cecilia Frazier Salzer Dec 2023

The Transformation Of Rural Elementary Classroom English Language Teachers During Distance Learning: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Cecilia Frazier Salzer

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the transformation of rural elementary classroom teachers who transitioned to distance learning with English learners (ELs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the California Central Valley. The theory guiding this study is Mezirow’s transformative learning theory. At the same time the conceptual framework is Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPACK), as both will ascribe meaning to how EL teachers transformed their perspectives, assumptions, feelings, and judgments while conducting distance learning. The research question guiding this study is: What transformation did teachers experience while providing distance learning instruction to rural elementary English …


Faculty Perceptions Of Professional Growth After Course Design Collaboration With An Instructional Designer: A Phenomenological Study, Althea Anita Streater Dec 2023

Faculty Perceptions Of Professional Growth After Course Design Collaboration With An Instructional Designer: A Phenomenological Study, Althea Anita Streater

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This transcendental phenomenological study had the objective of examining the experience of faculty subject matter experts in higher education as they collaborated with instructional designers to develop online learning courses at a college in the northeast United States. The theory guiding this study was Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy. The central research question was: What are the SME reflections on their previous pedagogical and instructional skills, and what growth, if any, can be identified after the course design process? Additional questions examined the faculty's perspective on their past and present pedagogical knowledge. The study took place at a four-year private college …


The Experiences Of Students During Covid-19 School Disruptions, Brandi Bullock Dec 2023

The Experiences Of Students During Covid-19 School Disruptions, Brandi Bullock

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of educators with respect to student experiences between March 2020 and February 2021 related to academics, social-emotional health, and safety and security. Data collection strategies included one-on-one interviews with 12 educators in one East Tennessee school district. To qualify for the study, participants had to have taught during COVID-19 schooling disruptions and have taught either 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th grade in the 2022-23 school year. Data analysis was based on Systems Theory (Laszlo & Krippner, 1998) and Change Theory (Fullan, 2020). The results revealed 5 key themes that …


Promoting Comprehension Strategies Of Primary Grade Students Through Datacasting Materials For Distance Learning, Alen Mateo S. Munoz, Raymund C. Sison Dec 2023

Promoting Comprehension Strategies Of Primary Grade Students Through Datacasting Materials For Distance Learning, Alen Mateo S. Munoz, Raymund C. Sison

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

Many online learners especially in resource-challenged schools struggled with learning gaps during the pandemic crisis. This study focuses on using cost effective datacasting learning materials for distance education that promote intermediate grade students’ self-regulation, reading and writing skills. Datacasting is the process of delivering computer (IP) data over a traditional television broadcast signal. Locally, where only some households have Internet access but many have television sets, datacasting affords greater learning opportunities. Guided by structure, interactivity, and the functional language teaching theory, this study used sequential explanatory design to explore the role of datacasting in a public elementary school in Cavite …


Alumni Giving From Online Learners: A Logistic Regression Study, Jaqlyne S. Jackson Dec 2023

Alumni Giving From Online Learners: A Logistic Regression Study, Jaqlyne S. Jackson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Alumni giving is increasingly important to the vitality of institutions of higher education. With governmental financial support of public institutions steadily declining, understanding philanthropic giving is more important than ever. Advancement offices that serve alumni populations benefit from analyzing predictors of the behavioral phenomenon of charitable giving. It is also known that enrollment in distance education programs is on the rise in the United States. For university administrators and advancement professionals to be proactive in cultivating relationships with alumni that attended through an online modality, more research was needed to understand what motivates philanthropic giving from this alumni constituency. Using …


Fostering A Sense Of Online Community: Faculty Reflections Through Narratives, Brittany D. Anthony Nov 2023

Fostering A Sense Of Online Community: Faculty Reflections Through Narratives, Brittany D. Anthony

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study will explore how MSW faculty describe a community in online courses and what strategies they use in fostering a sense of community within courses from an online Master of Social Work program at the University of South Florida. There is an imperative need to ensure online courses provide a sense of community to support students for success. During the timespan of an online course, strategic pedagogical approaches to fostering a community are essential to enriching the overall learning experience for students. Many studies tend to focus on the challenges faced when building an online community. Still, the …


Psychological Capital: A Bridge Between Openness To Experience And Teacher Effectiveness During Distance Learning, Annisa Nabila Ramadhani Yunandar, Rose Mini Agoes Salim, Shahnaz Safitri Oct 2023

Psychological Capital: A Bridge Between Openness To Experience And Teacher Effectiveness During Distance Learning, Annisa Nabila Ramadhani Yunandar, Rose Mini Agoes Salim, Shahnaz Safitri

Psychological Research on Urban Society

Distance learning as an impact of COVID-19 pandemic becomes a challenge for teacher effectiveness. The current study examined the role of psychological capital as a mediator of the relationship between openness to experience and teacher effectiveness. This study involved 172 senior high school teachers in Jabodetabek as respondents who are currently conducting distance learning. Respondents are 117 female teachers (68%) and 55 male teachers (32%) who have teaching experience in the range of 5 months to 35 years (M = 161.34, SD = 121.8). The mediation analysis results revealed a significant indirect effect between openness to experience and teacher effectiveness …


Does Removing Quizzes Impact Student Performance In An Online Course?, John Griffith Oct 2023

Does Removing Quizzes Impact Student Performance In An Online Course?, John Griffith

Publications

Data for 295 college online introductory statistics students were examined to determine if removing four module (weekly) quizzes impacted student performance on a cumulative exam. In this research, student performance was not significantly impacted by the removal of the quizzes. The difference in the exam mean score earned by the group of students who did not take quizzes was less than 0.8 of a point lower than the exam average for students who took the quizzes prior to the exam. Withdraw rates significantly declined from 5 percent to 1 percent. Results of this study support the idea that course designers …


Mystery Mutt: Dna Analysis With A Dog Named Charlie, Kelly M. Jones Oct 2023

Mystery Mutt: Dna Analysis With A Dog Named Charlie, Kelly M. Jones

Inclusive Strategies for Teaching Secondary Mathematics and Science

This article provides an in-depth exploration of the design, execution, and outcomes of the "Mystery Mutt: DNA analysis with a dog named Charlie" lesson. Designed for seventh-grade life science students, the lesson focuses on unraveling the correlation between genotype and phenotype using authentic pet DNA test results. Grounded in real-life experiences and employing a multi-dimensional approach, the lesson successfully bridges the gap between theoretical genetic concepts and practical applications. The article discusses the lesson's alignment with academic standards, consideration of materials and safety, its unique classroom context, and the engaging phases of exploration, explanation, elaboration, evaluation, and closure. The emphasis …


Distance Learning: Serving Those Who Serve, Becky St. Clair Sep 2023

Distance Learning: Serving Those Who Serve, Becky St. Clair

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.


Tutors And Their Feedback In Online Tutorials: The Case In A Distance Teaching University, Made Yudhi Setiani, Charles Scott, Susanti Susanti Aug 2023

Tutors And Their Feedback In Online Tutorials: The Case In A Distance Teaching University, Made Yudhi Setiani, Charles Scott, Susanti Susanti

The Qualitative Report

The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent to which tutors provided feedback in online tutorials at Indonesia Open University (Universitas Terbuka or UT), as well as tutors' constraint in providing that feedback. This qualitative study used both content analysis of 20 online tutorial classes to see tutors’ feedback and in-depth interviews with the tutors. The results of the study showed that only some tutors in the online tutorial classes provided feedback on discussions and assignments and that some tutors did not provide any feedback. The analysis of the feedback derived from the types of feedback coined by …


A Phenomenological Study: Factors Influencing Faculty Attitude Toward Online Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kelly A. Waltman-Payne Jul 2023

A Phenomenological Study: Factors Influencing Faculty Attitude Toward Online Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kelly A. Waltman-Payne

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the factors that influenced the faculty’s lived experiences and perceived preparedness when transitioning to fully online courses in response to the COVID-19 crisis, for full-time faculty members at Greenhill College, North Branch. The central research question for the research was “What factors, such as professional development and other training, related to online learning, influenced faculty attitudes and perceptions of preparedness, as they transitioned to online teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020?” Ten participants were selected using a random sample drawn from full-time faculty members at Greenhill College, North Branch. Data collection …


Law School In A Pandemic Ungrouped: How Online J.D. Experiences Varied Across Students, Tiffane Cochran, Sherrie Godette, Gallup Jun 2023

Law School In A Pandemic Ungrouped: How Online J.D. Experiences Varied Across Students, Tiffane Cochran, Sherrie Godette, Gallup

AccessLex Institute Research

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, law schools and students resiliently forged ahead, endeavoring — many for the first time — to pursue their J.D. programs online. AccessLex Institute® and Gallup partnered to survey law students about their experiences with online J.D. courses during this time, releasing two Law School in a Pandemic reports in 2021 and 2022 to discuss each year’s findings. This third and final report in the series examines the extent to which student perceptions of their J.D. programs during the pandemic differed by various characteristics — namely race/ethnicity, age, enrollment status, caregiver status, and law …


A Longitudinal Qualitative Study On Teachers’ Technology Barriers To Distance Learning: A School For Students With Dyslexia, Holli Bice, Hengtao Tang May 2023

A Longitudinal Qualitative Study On Teachers’ Technology Barriers To Distance Learning: A School For Students With Dyslexia, Holli Bice, Hengtao Tang

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to develop an account of teachers’ perception of barriers to technology integration throughout distance learning. COVID-19 pandemic forced schools to adopt distance learning to cope with the crisis, but whether teachers are prepared for this change is unknown. Therefore, this study described teachers’ experience of technology integration over the course of distance learning and identified the barriers they faced at a small, private school for students with dyslexia. The findings found distance learning influenced teachers’ technological knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about technology integration. Barriers to technology integration were identified by all participants, …


Social And Emotional Effects Of Distance Learning On Elementary School Students During And After Covid-19, Kelsey Clark May 2023

Social And Emotional Effects Of Distance Learning On Elementary School Students During And After Covid-19, Kelsey Clark

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Currently, there is a major shift in the modality of instructions as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, it has affected the way education is viewed and the relationship between schooling and the lifestyle of the students. By reflecting on the last couple of years since COVID-19 to the present, many students are still hindered due to the effects of the world going around them, starting from school lockdown to the return of face-to-face instructions. This senior capstone examines the social and emotional effects of distance learning on elementary school students through the use of a literature review, class …


Transition To Distance Learning: Student Experience And Communication During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The United Arab Emirates, Soumaya Abdellatif, Aizhan Shomotova, Safouane Trabelsi, Salwa Husain, Najeh Alsalhi, Mohamed Eltahir Apr 2023

Transition To Distance Learning: Student Experience And Communication During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The United Arab Emirates, Soumaya Abdellatif, Aizhan Shomotova, Safouane Trabelsi, Salwa Husain, Najeh Alsalhi, Mohamed Eltahir

All Works

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 prompted higher education institutions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to switch to online learning for the safety of their citizens. The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between four indicators of digital learning experience and the intensity of student socio-pedagogical communication after the transition to distance learning. The data were collected from Ajman University, a private university in the UAE, during the spring of 2020. The sample consisted of 381 students who were surveyed using an online survey tool or email. First, this study found that the majority of students …


Personalized Feedback In A Virtual Learning Environment, Nateil Carby Apr 2023

Personalized Feedback In A Virtual Learning Environment, Nateil Carby

Journal of Educational Supervision

The immediate shift to virtual instruction during the spring of 2020 forced educators worldwide to quickly adopt distance learning philosophies, technologies, and pedagogies. This lean adoption of virtual learning tools saw an unprecedented number of educators embrace new modalities of providing feedback to students. This paper explores those modalities and recommends that supervisors help educators situate personalized student feedback within the context of self-determination theory to ensure students' needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are not abandoned in a virtual learning environment characterized by isolation and loneliness.


Continuing The Distance Learning Modality Of Graduate Studies In Post-Covid Philippines: A Survey, Jayrome Núñez, Louie Gula, Evaflor Alindan, Clinton John Colcol, Aristonie Sangco, Jairoh Taracina, Sammy Dolba, Al John Escobañez, Kevin Sumayang, Mark Anthony Jamisal, Francis Jim Tuscano Apr 2023

Continuing The Distance Learning Modality Of Graduate Studies In Post-Covid Philippines: A Survey, Jayrome Núñez, Louie Gula, Evaflor Alindan, Clinton John Colcol, Aristonie Sangco, Jairoh Taracina, Sammy Dolba, Al John Escobañez, Kevin Sumayang, Mark Anthony Jamisal, Francis Jim Tuscano

FDLA Journal

Getting a graduate education is one of the most important parts of a professional in a field. It allows them to climb higher in the professional rankings or even get higher pay for their academic work. All graduate students are adults and self-directed due to their past experiences in work or practice. However, when the pandemic hit the world, these self-directed learners were not spared from shutting of schools. In the Philippines, most graduate schools deliver their lessons through the traditional mode or face-to-face until the pandemic that they shifted in the emerging online learning modality. Using the mixed method …


Envisioning Online English Teaching In Indonesia: A Digital Autoethnographic Account, Muhalim Muhalim Mar 2023

Envisioning Online English Teaching In Indonesia: A Digital Autoethnographic Account, Muhalim Muhalim

The Qualitative Report

The onset of the global pandemic has become a radical turn of brick-and-mortar schooling to online distance learning. In this respect, continuous dialogue, and evaluation around the issue of online learning should be nurtured, particularly from actual pedagogical practices. Drawing on a digital autoethnographic account of the author, this article explores everyday online English teaching in tertiary education. I collected data using textual, visual, and aural experiences, corroborated by Zoom auto-recorded chats and screenshots as the artefacts of my online learning and teaching activities. The data were analyzed using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework that focused on social, cognitive, …


Factors Affecting The Satisfaction Of Sultan Qaboos University Students About Remote Academic Advising During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Abdul Rahim M. Al Droushi Phd, Khalifa Mubarak Al Jadidi Phd, Kashef Zayed Phd Feb 2023

Factors Affecting The Satisfaction Of Sultan Qaboos University Students About Remote Academic Advising During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Abdul Rahim M. Al Droushi Phd, Khalifa Mubarak Al Jadidi Phd, Kashef Zayed Phd

International Journal for Research in Education

This study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction of Sultan Qaboos University students with remote academic advising during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aimed to explore the factors that might affect the extent of satisfaction, such as gender, academic year, and the nationality of the academic advisor. To achieve these aims, the researchers developed an academic advising satisfaction survey. The survey consisted of three sub-scales, namely, satisfaction with the advisor's competence and information, satisfaction with the advisor's interest and enthusiasm, and satisfaction with the ease of communication with the advisor. The survey was distributed to a sample of 490 …


Is There A Difference In Academic Achievement Between Remote Learners And Face-To-Face Learners Between The School Years Of 2020-21 And 2021-22?, Anthony Aiello Jan 2023

Is There A Difference In Academic Achievement Between Remote Learners And Face-To-Face Learners Between The School Years Of 2020-21 And 2021-22?, Anthony Aiello

Theses and Dissertations

Will there be a difference in academic achievement between remote learners and face-to-face learners between the school years of 2020-21 and 2021-22 school year? Archived data of approximately 1,200 students from the 2020-21 and 2021-22 school years was used from a suburban secondary school servicing students grades 9-12. The school district located in the northeastern part of the United States. Independent samples t test and two-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine if there were statistically significant differences in academic achievement between the 2020-21 and 2021-2022 school years, the remote learners based upon the two groups (remote learners, face-to-face learners). In …


Improving The Quality Of Academic Advisors' Practices To Aid Distance Learners’ Retention, Kenyeta R. Pino Jan 2023

Improving The Quality Of Academic Advisors' Practices To Aid Distance Learners’ Retention, Kenyeta R. Pino

Theses and Dissertations

The popularity of distance learning has increased among higher education students owing to its flexibility and convenience, as it enables learning from any location and at any time. Despite the substantial number of enrollments, distance learners are experiencing high attrition rates, leading to low completion rates compared to students enrolled in traditional in-person courses.

Academic advising is a significant contributor to student retention and an effective intervention used to support students at-risk of dropping out; therefore, advisors must provide the same degree of support to their distance learners as they do to their face-to-face advisees. This applied dissertation was designed …


Preparing Undergraduates For The Post-Pandemic Workplace: Teams Of Education And Engineering Students Teach Engineering Virtually, Kristie S. Gutierrez, Jennifer Kidd, Min J. Lee, Krishnanand Kaipa, Orlando Ayala Jan 2023

Preparing Undergraduates For The Post-Pandemic Workplace: Teams Of Education And Engineering Students Teach Engineering Virtually, Kristie S. Gutierrez, Jennifer Kidd, Min J. Lee, Krishnanand Kaipa, Orlando Ayala

Teaching & Learning Faculty Publications

When schools and universities across the world transitioned online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Ed+gineering, a National Science Foundation (NSF) project that partners engineering and education undergraduates to design and deliver engineering lessons to elementary students, also had to shift its hands-on lessons to a virtual format. Through the lens of social cognitive theory (SCT), this study investigates engineering and education students’ experiences during the shift to online instruction to understand how they perceived its influence on their learning. As a result of modifying their lessons for online delivery, students reported learning professional skills, including skills for teaching online and …


Exploring Correlates Of Student Preferences For Virtual Or In-Class Learning Among Neurodiverse Adolescents Using A Single-Case Design Methodology, Taryn A. Myers, John D. Ball, Mindy Gumpert, Mary Roberts Jan 2023

Exploring Correlates Of Student Preferences For Virtual Or In-Class Learning Among Neurodiverse Adolescents Using A Single-Case Design Methodology, Taryn A. Myers, John D. Ball, Mindy Gumpert, Mary Roberts

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

The purpose of the current study is to explore several correlates of adolescent students’ preferences for at-home virtual or in-class in-person learning in a single case of a school that serves students with learning differences. Correlates of interest were the Big Five personality traits (Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) and the students’ self-reported learning engagement. Participants were recruited from a single independent school for students with neurodiversity and special learning needs, where they had high exposure to computer-/internet-assisted learning. Twenty-seven students responded to questionnaires measuring preferred learning modes, personality traits, and learning engagement. Despite teacher reports …


Character Education Integration In Distance Learning System Based On Multiple Intelligence Theory: Case Study At Smkn 2 Malang, Admaja Dwi Herlambang, Qonita Rahmawati, Wibisono Sukmo Wardhono Dec 2022

Character Education Integration In Distance Learning System Based On Multiple Intelligence Theory: Case Study At Smkn 2 Malang, Admaja Dwi Herlambang, Qonita Rahmawati, Wibisono Sukmo Wardhono

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

This study aims to determine how the strategies carried out by Public Vocational High Schools in Malang City, Indonesia, implement character education in the distance learning system. This research occurred at the 2nd PublicVocational High School (SMKN 2 Malang), Computer and Network Engineering Department. The design of this research is an interactive qualitative analysis model, i.e., reduction, data presentation, and deduction. Data collection techniques are in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation for six months. Data documentation consists of diagnostic tests, Learning Management System (LMS) screenshots, and discipline time records during distance learning. This study shows that from knowledge aspect, teachers …


Special Education Teachers’ Self-Efficacy During The Times Of A Global Pandemic, Vanessa G. Leal Dec 2022

Special Education Teachers’ Self-Efficacy During The Times Of A Global Pandemic, Vanessa G. Leal

Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative dissertation aims to describe and compare the perception of special education teachers' self-efficacy amid the COVID-19 pandemic using the practice of distance and their self-efficacy pre-pandemic using face-to-face instruction and describe the perceived valuable supports teachers received from educational leaders during the pandemic and considered valuable. The study population includes special education teachers teaching in inclusive settings before and during the pandemic in grades 6–12 in districts located in South Texas. The current study's data was analyzed using a two-way factorial analysis of variance, with both factors including repeated measures within subjects (2 x 3). A descriptive statistical …


A Phenomenological Study Of Online Undergraduate Student Veterans And The Academic Interactions Affecting Their Success In Higher Education, Amanda Jo Verlander Nov 2022

A Phenomenological Study Of Online Undergraduate Student Veterans And The Academic Interactions Affecting Their Success In Higher Education, Amanda Jo Verlander

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenology was to explore the academic interactions of online undergraduate veterans as they completed their degrees. The objective of this study was to answer the question, “What influences the success of online student veterans in completing their undergraduate degrees?” The theory guiding this study was Astin’s I-E-O model as it framed my research with the inputs of military training, environmental factors as academic interactions, and the outcome of graduating with their degree. My study also contained Vacchi’s Conceptual Model of Student Veteran Support as a focused lens to examine the academic interactions experiences of student …


The Effect Of Digital Literacy On Student Learning Outcomes In Chemistry Learning, Abdul Latip, Nursida Sutantri, Aristo Hardinata Oct 2022

The Effect Of Digital Literacy On Student Learning Outcomes In Chemistry Learning, Abdul Latip, Nursida Sutantri, Aristo Hardinata

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

The study aims to determine the effect of digital literacy levels on learning outcomes of eleven-grade students in chemistry learning with a distance learning system during pandemic Covid-19. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with 74 students as a sample who took chemistry learning. The digital literacy level of students was determined through digital literacy instruments. Meanwhile, students' chemistry learning outcomes consisted of the results of daily tests on buffer solution and solubility product chapter. Based on the results, the digital literacy level of students consisted of 57% of students in the high category, 43% of students in the …