Education Commons^™

Enhancing Student Altruism Using Secure Attachment Messages (Sam) In Lecture, Kelly Campbell, Stephany Ramos

Psychology Faculty Publications

In this brief report, we examine whether students’ (N=230) willingness to help individuals in distress (altruism) would be augmented after viewing Secure Attachment Messages (SAM) during lecture in a college racism course. Students were presented with SAM in alternating weeks as part of the PowerPoint presentation slides. In each of the weeks, their likelihood of engaging in altruistic behaviors was assessed using hypothetical scenarios and a student response system, Top Hat Monocle. We predicted that the SAM would prompt students to think of their attachment figures and enhance their feelings of security, which would increase their willingness to engage in …

Do College Students Use Online Self-Help? A Survey Of Intentions And Use Of Mental Health Resources, Michael E. Levin, Krista Stocke, Benjamin G. Pierce, Crissa Levin

Psychology Faculty Publications

Online self-help may help increase the reach of mental health services for college students, but little research has examined students’ actual interest/use of these resources. An online survey of 389 college students examined intentions and use of online mental health resources as compared with other support options. Findings indicated the highest intentions/use of informal supports (e.g., parents, friends) for mental health problems and lowest intentions/use for online self-help. However, a subset of students showed a preference for online self-help over other forms of support. Participants were also more likely to request online self-help resources (21%) than in-person therapy resources (9%) …

Narcissism And The Strategic Pursuit Of Short-Term Mating: Universal Links Across 11 World Regions Of The International Sexuality Description Project-2, David P. Schmitt, Lidia Alcalay, JüRi Allik, I. C. B. Alves, Craig A. Anderson, A. L. Angelini, Jens B. Asendorpf, Ivars Austers, Isabel Balaguer, Américo Baptista, Sóley S. Bender, Kevin Bennett, Gabriel Bianchi, Behrooz Bianchi, April Bleske-Rechek, Fredrick A. Boholst, Lynda Boothroyd, Teresa Borja, Arjan Bos, Edwin Brainerd, Gary L. Brase, José Brites, M. Burakova-Lorgnier, Mark Byrd, J. A. Camilleri, Andrea Camperio Ciani, Leo Gerard A. Caral, Katherine B. Camelley, Marina Carvalho, Janette Casson, Isabel Castillo, Alejandro Castro, Maria Martina Casullo, Valery I. Chirkov, Jean Choi, Danielle Cohen, Cecilie Amalie Collin-Hansen, Melissa A. Commisso, Elvira Consuegra, Lorena Cordovez, Cem Safak Cukur, Mary Ann Borg Cunen, Michael Cunningham, Layton Seth Curl, Petra Daniel, Jaap J. A. Denissen, Serge Desmarais, Eros Desouza, Rolando Diaz-Loving, M. Shamsuddin Elias, Aukse Endriulaitiene, Ekin Eremsoy, Francisca Expósito, Ruth Falzon, Ana Maria Fernandez, Kumari Fernando, José H. B. P. Ferreira, Bernhard Fink, Maryanne Fisher, Julie Fitness, Karissa Flowers, David Frederick, Sirpa Fry, Osamu Fukushima, Stanley O. Gaines Jr., Renee V. Galliher, E. Gandari, Glenn Geher, Douglas A. Gentile, Jessica M. Geri, V. N. Giri, Deborah Golden, Fiona Gordon, Kristina C. Gordon, Karl Grammer, Liria Grimaldi, Stephen Giunta, Endre Hajdú, Jamin Halberstadt, Gert Hald, Magdalena S. Halim, Shamsul Haque, Siri Katinka Harlem, Krystle A. Hearns, Patrick Heaven, Marie Helweg-Larsen, Eduardo Wills Herrera, Dora Herrera, Janine Hertel, Heather Hoffmann, Henrik Høgh-Olesen, Barbara J. Houle, Jasna Hudek-Knezevic, Jas Jaafar, Konstantinos Kafetsios, Igor Kardum, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, Brigitte Khoury, Tibor Kökény, Silvia Koller, Solvina Konrads, John R. Kraft, Barry X. Kuhle, Agota Kun, Anton-Rupert Laireiter, Katalin Lányi, Maryanne Lauri, Shiri Lavy, Olufemi Adigun Lawal, Visvaldas Legkauskas, Chen Li, Hung-Yu Lin, Robert Lloyd, Kenneth D. Locke, Sylvie A. Lombardo, Ivan Luksik, Brian Lythe, Sonja Lyubomirsky, Sanna Malinen, Heather J. Martin, Teresa-Anne B. Mashego, Michael E. Mills, Mario Mikulincer, Imelu G. Mordeno, Miguel Moya, C. Ndeya-Ndereya, Mark Nelissen, Franz J. Neyer, Helmuth Nyborg, V. B. Oliveira, Adrian Opre, Suzanne L. Osman, Delroy L. Paulhus, Boguslaw Pawlowski, Lars Penke, Letitia Anne Peplau, Nebosja Petrovic, Steven M. Platek, Nuška Podobnik, TüNde Polonyi, Miroslav Popper, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Wade C. Rowatt, Willibald Ruch, Margaret Makore Rukini, Velko S. Rus, Brad J. Sagarin, Kikue Sakaguchi, Sonia Salas, N. Kenneth Sandnabba, Pekka Santtila, Dory A. Schachner, Monika Schmidt, Astrid SchüTz, Todd K. Shackelford, Phillip R. Shaver, Lindiwe B. T. Sibisi, Francis Sichona, Franco Simonetti, Tilahun Sineshaw, Toshihiko Souma, Tatjana Stefanovic Stanojevic, Irmina Sukiennik, Nebi SüMer, Petra Szeghy, Sara Leyla Szente, Tomasz Szlendak, Daniel Tefera, Niki Thoma, Sigal Tifferet, Chris Tkach, Zita Tordai, Eleanor Tranthan, Ioannis Tsaousis, F. S. K. Tungaraza, Marijke Van Duynslaeger, Pepijn Van Empelen, Frank Van Overwalle, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Marco Antônio Corrêa Varella, Pablo Vera-Villarroel, Martin Voracek, Dmitry Vorontsov, Wendy Wan, Petr Weiss, Deborah P. Welsh, Siswa Widyatmoko, Liesbeth Woertman, Eileen Wood, Lucinda Woodward, Hai Ye, Gahyun Youn, Agata Zupančič

Psychology Faculty Publications

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores …

The Acceptance And Commitment Therapy Matrix Mobile App: A Pilot Randomized Trial On Health Behaviors, Michael E. Levin, Benjamin G. Pierce, Benjamin Schoendorff

Psychology Faculty Publications

Mobile apps provide a promising format for delivering acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to improve diet/exercise. This pilot trial evaluated a novel ACT-based app for health behaviors based on the matrix approach. A sample of 23 community adults were randomly assigned to use the app for two weeks or to a waitlist condition. Findings indicated a high degree of satisfaction with the app and acceptable adherence. Although the intent-to-treat sample indicated few intervention effects, when focusing on program engagers only, health behaviors significantly improved in the app condition relative to waitlist. There were no differences between conditions on valued action …

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy For Ptsd And Trauma: An Empirical Review., Ron C. Bean, Clarissa W. Ong, J. Lee, Michael P. Twohig

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy As A Treatment For Anxiety And Depression: A Review., Michael P. Twohig, Michael E. Levin

Psychology Faculty Publications

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a modern form of cognitive behavioral therapy based on a distinct philosophy (functional contextualism) and basic science of cognition (relational frame theory). This article reviews the core features of ACT’s theoretical model of psychopathology and treatment as well as its therapeutic approach. It then provides a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ACT for depression and anxiety disorders. Summarizing across a total of 36 RCTs, ACT appears to be more efficacious than waitlist conditions and treatment-as-usual, with largely equivalent effects relative to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Evidence from several trials also indicate …

Alcohol Use And Strenuous Physical Activity In College Students: A Longitudinal Test Of 2 Explanatory Models Of Health Behavior, Heather A. Davis, Elizabeth N. Riley, Gregory T. Smith, Richard S. Milich, Jessica L. Burris

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: To help clarify the effect of gender on the bidirectional relationship between alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students. Participants: Five hundred twenty-four (52% female) college students recruited in August 2008 and 2009 and followed up in April 2009 and April 2011, respectively. Methods: Participants reported their alcohol use and strenuous physical activity on 2 occasions (baseline and follow-up) spaced approximately 1 or 2 years apart. Results: For females, alcohol use quantity at baseline was associated with increased strenuous physical activity at 1- and 2-year follow-ups, and alcohol use frequency at baseline was …

Pain Acceptance Potentially Mediates The Relationship Between Pain Catastrophizing And Post-Surgery Outcomes Among Compensated Lumbar Fusion Patients, Cassie Dance, M. Scott Deberard, Jessica Gundy Cuneo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Purpose: Chronic low back pain is highly prevalent and often treatment recalcitrant condition, particularly among workers’ compensation patients. There is a need to identify psychological factors that may predispose such patients to pain chronicity. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether pain acceptance potentially mediated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and post-surgical outcomes in a sample of compensated lumbar fusion patients.

Patients and methods: Patients insured with the Workers Compensation Fund of Utah and who were at least 2 years post-lumbar fusion surgery completed an outcome survey. These data were obtained from a prior retrospective-cohort study that …

The Effects Of Surrounding Positive And Negative Experiences On Risk Taking, Sandra L. Schneider, Sandra Kauffman, Andrea Ranieri

Psychology Faculty Publications

Two experiments explored how the context of recently experiencing an abundance of positive or negative outcomes within a series of choices influences risk preferences. In each experiment, choices were made between a series of pairs of hypothetical 50/50 two-outcome gambles. Participants experienced a control set of mixed outcome gamble pairs intermingled with a randomly assigned set of (a) all-gain, (b) all-loss, or (c) a mixture of all-gain and all-loss gamble pairs. In both experiments, a positive experience led to reduced risk taking in the control set and a negative experience led to increased risk taking. These patterns persisted even after …

Using Multigroup-Multiphase Latent State-Trait Models To Study Treatment-Induced Changes In Intra-Individual State Variability: An Application To Smokers' Affect, Christian Geiser, Daniel Griffin, Saul Shiffman

Psychology Faculty Publications

Sometimes, researchers are interested in whether an intervention, experimental manipulation, or other treatment causes changes in intra-individual state variability. The authors show how multigroup-multiphase latent state-trait (MG-MP-LST) models can be used to examine treatment effects with regard to both mean differences and differences in state variability. The approach is illustrated based on a randomized controlled trial in which N = 338 smokers were randomly assigned to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) vs. placebo prior to quitting smoking. We found that post quitting, smokers in both the NRT and placebo group had significantly reduced intra-individual affect state variability with respect to the …

Learning From Texts: Activation Of Information From Previous Texts During Reading, Katinka Beker, Dietsje Jolles, Robert F. Lorch Jr., Paul Van Den Broek

Psychology Faculty Publications

Learning often involves integration of information from multiple texts. The aim of the current study was to determine whether relevant information from previously read texts is spontaneously activated during reading, allowing for integration between texts (experiment 1 and 2), and whether this process is related to the representation of the texts (experiment 2). In both experiments, texts with inconsistent target sentences were preceded by texts that either did or did not contain explanations that resolved the inconsistencies. In experiment 1, the reading times of the target sentences introducing inconsistencies were faster if the preceding text contained an explanation for the …

Stress-Induced Executive Dysfunction In Gdnf-Deficient Mice, A Mouse Model Of Parkinsonism, Mona Buhusi, Kaitlin Olsen, Benjamin Z. Young, Catalin V. Buhusi

Psychology Faculty Publications

Maladaptive reactivity to stress is linked to improper decision making, impulsivity, and discounting of delayed rewards. Chronic unpredictable stress alters dopaminergic function and re-shapes dopaminergic circuits in key areas involved in decision making, and impairs prefrontal-cortex dependent response inhibition and working memory. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is essential for regulating dopamine release in the basal ganglia and the survival of dopaminergic neurons, and GDNF-deficient mice are considered an animal model for aging-related Parkinsonism. Recently, GDNF expression in the striatum has been linked to resilience to stress. Here we investigated the effects of chronic unpredictable stress on decision making in GDNF-heterozygous …

Dropout Rates In Exposure With Response Prevention For Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: What Do The Data Really Say?, Clarissa W. Ong, Joseph W. Clyde, Ellen J. Bluett, Michael E. Levin, Michael P. Twohig

Psychology Faculty Publications

The purposes of this review were to: 1) determine the attrition rates for exposure with response prevention (ERP) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 2) compare them to those in other treatments for OCD, and 3) identify predictors of ERP attrition. A systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials for ERP for OCD yielded 21 studies, representing 1400 participants. Attrition data were extracted for individual treatment conditions. The weighted mean dropout rate for ERP was 14.7% (95% CI [11.4%, 18.4%]). This figure was not statistically different from that of comparison conditions (e.g., cognitive therapy; OR = 0.67-2.22, all ps > 0.15). Only two …

Experience With Dynamic Reinforcement Rates Decreases Resistance To Extinction, Andrew R. Craig, Timothy A. Shahan

Psychology Faculty Publications

The ability of organisms to detect reinforcer-rate changes in choice preparations is positively related to two factors: the magnitude of the change in rate and the frequency with which rates change. Gallistel (2012) suggested similar rate-detection processes are responsible for decreases in responding during operant extinction. Although effects of magnitude of change in reinforcer rate on resistance to extinction are well known (e.g., the partial-reinforcement-extinction effect), effects of frequency of changes in rate prior to extinction are unknown. Thus, the present experiments examined whether frequency of changes in baseline reinforcer rates impacts resistance to extinction. Pigeons pecked keys for variable-interval …

Web-Based Self-Help For Preventing Mental Health Problems In Universities: Comparing Acceptance And Commitment Training To Mental Health Education, Michael E. Levin, Steven C. Hayes, Jacqueline Pistorello, John R. Seeley

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Collective Impact Versus Collaboration: Sides Of The Same Coin Or Different Phenomenon?, Kelly Prange, Joseph A. Allen, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Collective impact is a recently developed concept and approach to solving social problems that rectifies many of the issues associated with isolated impact. We compared collective impact and the formal definition of collaboration and made integrations between the two concepts. Specifically, we explored effective assessment and facilitation methods and applied them to collective impact initiatives in order to facilitate more purposeful implementation of collective impact. We concluded that collective impact is a specific form of collaboration.

Love Of Place: The Metropolitan University Advantage: 2015 Cumu National Conference In Omaha, Joseph A. Allen, Kelly Prange, Deborah Smith-Howell, Sara Woods, B. J. Reed

Psychology Faculty Publications

The theme for the 2015 CUMU National Conference in Omaha, NE was “Love of Place: The Metropolitan University Advantage”. The 2015 theme celebrates key elements that establish the identity of metropolitan universities and CUMU as an organization. The theme recognizes the unique opportunities and benefits provided by metropolitan universities for students and communities. Metropolitan universities provide students with enriching educational experiences while contributing to building and strengthening the community. These enriched experiences also support faculty and staff growth as members of the university and community. The theme encouraged conference participants to explore new pedagogical approaches, strategies for sustaining meaningful partnerships, …

Volunteer Program Assessment At The University Of Nebraska At Omaha: A Metropolitan University’S Collaboration With Rural And Spanish-Speaking Volunteers, Lisa Leahy Scherer, Victoria Graeve-Cunningham, Sheridan Trent, Stephanie Weddington, Adam Thurley, Kelly Prange, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

The Volunteer Program Assessment at UNO (VPA-UNO), a faculty-led student group, partners with nonprofit and governmental agencies to provide free assessments and consultations to enhance volunteer engagement, organizational commitment and retention. Three recent initiatives are discussed representing an intentional effort of a metropolitan university to extend love of place to love of state through outreach efforts to rural volunteers and to promote inclusivity to Spanish-speaking volunteers by translating the VPA assessment into Spanish.

Early Adverse Experiences And Health: The Transition To College, Kelly B. Filipkowski, Kristin E. Heron, Joshua M. Smyth

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: This study cross-sectionally and prospectively examined the impact of adversity experienced prior to college on the health and well-being of students adjusting to their first college semester. Methods: Two-hundred sixteen (216) first-year students completed measures of adverse life experiences, perceived stress, physical symptoms, and health-related behaviors during the first 2 weeks of college entry and again at the end of the first semester. Results: Reported adversity prior to college predicted greater perceived stress and physical symptoms at college entry and an increase in physical symptoms over the semester; perceived stress mediated the prospective changes. Early adversity …

Perspectives On The Use Of Acceptance And Commitment Therapy Related Mobile Apps: Results From A Survey Of Students And Professionals, Benjamin G. Pierce, Michael P. Twohig, Michael E. Levin

Psychology Faculty Publications

Although mobile apps have proliferated as self-help or adjunctive therapy supports, scant research has explored their implementation among mental health practitioners. Little is known about uses and perceptions of mental health apps among applied practitioners, nor are agreed-upon criteria for evaluating and choosing apps available. The present survey study examined the uses and perceptions of mental health apps among 356 professionals and students familiar with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as indicated by being a member of the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science. The survey found that practitioners are interested in using ACT-related apps, but that use of and familiarity …

Web-Based Acceptance And Commitment Therapy For Mental Health Problems In College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Michael E. Levin, Jack Haegar, Benjamin G. Pierce, Michael P. Twohig

Psychology Faculty Publications

There are significant challenges in addressing the mental health needs of college students. The current study tested an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) web-based self-help program to treat a broad range of psychological problems students struggle with. A sample of 79 college students were randomized to web-based ACT or a waitlist condition, with assessments at baseline and posttreatment. Results indicated adequate acceptability and program engagement for the ACT website. Relative to waitlist, participants receiving ACT improved on overall distress, general anxiety, social anxiety, depression, academic concerns, and positive mental health. There were no between group effects on eating concerns, alcohol …

Examining The Role Of Psychological Inflexibility, Perspective Taking And Empathic Concern In Generalized Prejudice, Michael E. Levin, Jason B. Luoma, Roger Vilardaga, Jason Lillis, Richard Nobles, Steven C. Hayes

Psychology Faculty Publications

Research to-date on generalized prejudice has focused primarily on personality factors. Further work is needed identifying manipulable variables that directly inform anti-prejudice interventions. The current study examined three such variables: empathic concern, perspective taking, and psychological inflexibility/flexibility with prejudiced thoughts, as a test of the flexible connectedness model. A sample of 604 undergraduate students completed online surveys. A model indicated prejudice measures loaded onto a latent variable of generalized prejudice. In a second model, psychological inflexibility, flexibility, empathic concern and perspective taking were all significant, independent predictors of generalized prejudice. Psychological inflexibility also predicted prejudice above and beyond personality and …

Examining The Role Of Implicit Emotional Judgements In Social Anxiety And Experiential Avoidance, Michael E. Levin, Jack Haegar, Gregory S. Smith

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study sought to examine the relationship of implicit emotional judgments with experiential avoidance (EA) and social anxiety. A sample of 61 college students completed the Emotional Judgment – Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (EJ-IRAP) as well as a public speaking challenge. Implicit judgments were related to greater self-reported EA, anxiety sensitivity, emotional judgments and social anxiety as well as lower performance ratings and willingness in the public speaking challenge. Effects differed by trial type with “Anxiety is bad” biases related to greater EA/anxiety, while “calm is bad” biases related to lower EA/anxiety (“Good” biases were generally unrelated to outcomes). Implicit …

The Effects Of Financial Education On Impulsive Decision Making, William B. Dehart, Jonathan E. Friedel, Jean M. Lown, Amy L. Odum

Psychology Faculty Publications

Delay discounting, as a behavioral measure of impulsive choice, is strongly related to substance abuse and other risky behaviors. Therefore, effective techniques that alter delay discounting are of great interest. We explored the ability of a semester long financial education course to change delay discounting. Participants were recruited from a financial education course (n = 237) and an abnormal psychology course (n = 80). Both groups completed a delay-discounting task for $100 during the first two weeks (Time 1) of the semester as well as during the last two weeks (Time 2) of the semester. Participants also completed a personality …

Analyzing Mediation Models With Multiple Informants: A New Approach And Its Application In Clinical Psychology, Christian Geiser, Lesther A. Papa, Kaylee Litson, Ginger Lockhart, Laurie Chassin

Psychology Faculty Publications

Testing mediation models is critical for identifying potential variables that need to be targeted to effectively change one or more outcome variables. In addition, it is now common practice for clinicians to use multiple informant (MI) data in studies of statistical mediation. By coupling the use of MI data with statistical mediation analysis, clinical researchers can combine the benefits of both techniques. Integrating the information from MIs into a statistical mediation model creates various methodological and practical challenges. The authors review prior methodological approaches to MI mediation analysis in clinical research and propose a new latent variable approach that overcomes …

An Initial Meta-Analysis Of Acceptance And Commitment Therapy For Treating Substance Use Disorders, Eric B. Lee, Woolee An, Michael E. Levin, Michael P. Twohig

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: In the past decade, multiple studies have examined the effectiveness ofAcceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for substance use disorders relative to other active treatments. The current meta-analysis examined the aggregate effect size when comparing ACT to other treatments (e.g., CBT, pharmacotherapy, 12-step,treatment as usual) specifically on substance use outcomes. Method: A total of 10 randomized controlled trials were identified through systematic searches. Results: A significant small to medium effect size was found favoring ACT relative to active treatment comparisons following treatment. Effect sizes were comparable across studies for smoking cessation (k = 5) and for other drug use disorders …

Collapsing Factors In Multitrait-Multimethod Models: Examining Consequences Of A Mismatch Between Measurement Design And Model, Christian Geiser, Jacob Bishop, Ginger Lockhart

Psychology Faculty Publications

Models of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are frequently applied to examine the convergent validity of scores obtained from multiple raters or methods in so-called multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) investigations. Many applications of CFA-MTMM and similarly structured models result in solutions in which at least one method (or specific) factor shows non-significant loading or variance estimates. Eid et al. (2008) distinguished between MTMM measurement designs with interchangeable (randomly selected) vs. structurally different (fixed) methods and showed that each type of measurement design implies specific CFA-MTMM measurement models. In the current study, we hypothesized that some of the problems that are commonly seen in …

Language Use In Consultation: Can “We” Help Teachers And Students?, Daniel S. Newman, Meaghan C. Guiney, Courteney A. Barrett

Psychology Faculty Publications

Analyzing the use of function words such as pronouns in conversation is an increasingly popular approach in social psychology, but has not yet been applied to the study of school-based consultation. The two central purposes of this study were to: (1) examine how language is used by consultants-in-training (CITs) and consultees within a collaborative model of consultation, and (2) to explore the relation between language use and the collaborative relationship, consultee outcomes, and client outcomes. Analyses focused on CITs’ (n = 18) and consultees’ (n = 18) use of pronouns in a problem identification and analysis (PID/PA) …

He's Sarcastic And She's Caring: Students' Stereotypes Of The Typical Male And Female Professor, Pamela L. Bacon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Gender stereotypes are prescriptive. For example, if people have a stereotype that women are warm and caring, then they also tend to have a societal prescription that women should be warm and caring. When an individual fails to fulfill a gender prescription, he or she may face social punishment. For example, if a woman is cold and uncaring, then she might be judged more harshly than a man who is cold and uncaring because the woman is violating the gender prescription but the man is not. Research on gender stereotypes suggests that students' perceptions of the best and worst college …

Characteristics Of Executive Functioning In A Small Sample Of Children With Tourette Syndrome, Dina M. Schwam, Tricia Z. King, Daphne Greenberg

Psychology Faculty Publications

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a disorder that involves at least one vocal tic and two or more motor tics, however associated symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention Deficit Disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) are common. Many children with TS exhibit educational difficulties and one possible explanation may be deficits in executive functioning. The focus of this study was to look at the severity of symptoms often associated with TS (tics, OCS, and ADHD symptoms) and its potential relationship with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) parent form in eleven children diagnosed with Tourette syndrome, ages …