Education Commons^™

G95-1268 Lettuce And Other Salad Greens, Susan D. Schoneweis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses different salad greens, their uses and nutritional value.

Lettuce has been an important part of human diets since ancient times. It was customary for the Romans to precede their gargantuan banquets with refreshing lettuce salads in the belief that lettuce enhanced the appetite and relaxed the alimentary canal. It had other uses, too. Dried lettuce juice was used to aid sleep in Elizabethan times and through World War II lactucarium, a sedative made from wild lettuce extracts, was used in hospitals¹. Today, lettuce is used as the main ingredient in most salads and it is joined by …

Ec95-1560 Use Of Cultural Practices In Crop Insect Pest Management, Robert J. Wright

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This Extension Circular reviews what is known about the effects of rotations, tillage practices, and planting and harvest dates on crop insect management, focusing on major crops in Nebraska.

Before the development of synthetic organic insecticides (pre-DDT era), rotations, tillage practices, planting and harvest dates, and other nonchemical cultural controls were commonly recommended for insect management. Research focused on crop rotation and other cultural practices for insect management. With the development of DDT and later insecticides however, research on nonchemical controls decreased markedly.

With the emergence of the concept of sustainable agriculture in the 1980s, there has been increased emphasis …

G94-1210 Borers Of Shade Trees And Ornamental Plants, Frederick P. Baxendale, David L. Keith, J. Ackland Jones

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication describes the important shade tree and ornamental borers in Nebraska and discusses their management.

Nearly all shade trees are subject to borer attack. If damage is severe, young trees are likely to decline or die.

G94-1220 Controlling Ticks, John B. Campbell, Gustave D. Thomas

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Identification and control of ticks common to Nebraska.

Ticks are members of the same phylum (Arthropoda) of the animal kingdom as insects, but are in a different class (Arachnida). The main difference is the body of a tick is composed of only two sections while insect bodies have three sections.

There are over 800 species of ticks, 100 of which are important to man and animals because of economic losses or disease transmission. Fortunately in the United States, only about 12 species are economically important because they transmit disease organisms (viral, bacterial, protozoan, and rickettsial) or cause economic losses to …

G93-1153 Stable Fly Control On Cattle, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Control of stable flies in feedlots and dairy operations is covered here.

Description

The stable fly is about the size of a house fly but is dark gray and has dark irregular spots on its abdomen. The proboscis (mouthpart) protrudes bayonet-like in front of the head. The larvae are typical whitish fly maggots. The pupae are chestnut brown and about 1/4 inch long.

G93-1131 Clover Mites And Their Management, Shripat T. Kamble, David L. Keith, Robert W. Davis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide describes the life cycle of clover mites and offers strategies for controlling them.

Clover mites are common nuisance pests in Nebraska, often invading homes and other properties in enormous numbers. These tiny pests are most troublesome in early spring and again in fall, especially on the east and south sides of buildings. Also, they frequently appear on window sills during the winter months, on relatively warm, calm, sunny days. The clover mite is not an insect but is a relative of spiders and ticks. The full-grown clover mite is slightly smaller than a pin head and has a …

Ec93-446 Food Storage, Julie A. Albrecht, Margie Lamb

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Proper food storage helps maintain food quality by retaining flavor, color, texture and nutrientsk, while reducing the chance of contracting a foodborne illness. This publication discusses ways of handling food and keeping it from spoiling.

G93-1180 Horn Fly Control On Cattle, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide identifies ways to control horn flies on cattle.

The horn fly is a blood-feeder that feeds 20 to 30 times per day. A population of several thousand horn flies may be present on one animal. When large numbers of these flies are on cattle, the cattle bunch and expend considerable effort fighting the flies. They will often stand in water or seek shade trying to get relief from the flies. When they do this, they fail to graze normally.

Studies in the United States and Canada show that during the grazing season yearling cattle free from horn flies …

G93-1142 Sheep Insect Management, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Controlling insects that infest sheep is discussed here.

Most of the insects that infest sheep also infest goats, but very few insecticides are approved for lactating goats.

G93-1141 Dairy Cattle Insect Management, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Information on controlling flies, lice, grubs and mange mites on dairy cattle is found here.

House, stable and blow flies may be pests of dairy cattle kept on lots. These flies (filth flies) breed in spilled feed, bedding, decaying organic matter and manure mixed with moisture, dirt and organic matter. Sanitation is the first and most important step in control of filth flies.

Ec92-124 Nebraska Handbook Of Range Management, James L. Stubbendieck, Patrick E. Reece

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Every Nebraskans should be interested in rangeland. The plants, soil, and water are the foundation of Nebraska's economy and quality of life. Rangeland is one of Nebraska's most important and valuable natural resources because it:

• produces forage for livestock and wild game;

• provides a varied habitat for many wildlife species;

• protects the soil from wind and water erosion;

• preserves a "germplasm bank" for many plant species that may become important for yet unknown uses;

• purifies and enhances the environment by cleasing the air, filtering the runoff to streams, increasing the intake of precipitation, and aiding …

G92-1084 Culture Of Cole Crops, Laurie Hodges, R.E. Neild

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

How to grow successfully broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kohlrabi.

Cole crops, which include broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kohlrabi, can be successfully grown on most soils if drainage is good and the crop is supplied with adequate water and nutrients, particularly nitrogen. Light-textured soils usually produce earlier crops but heavier soils hold more moisture and tend to produce crops that hold quality longer at maturity.

Cole crops have shallow root systems. Inadequate moisture may cause small cauliflower heads to form prematurely. Rainfall or irrigation following a prolonged dry spell may cause splitting of cabbage and kohlrabi. Supplemental …

G92-1107 Elm Leaf Beetle, David L. Keith, Frederick P. Baxendale, James A. Kalisch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

History, identification, and indoor and outdoor control of the elm leaf beetle are discussed.

The elm leaf beetle is an imported pest, first found in the United States in 1834. Common throughout Nebraska, it is almost exclusively a pest of elms, including the American, Siberian and other varieties. Japanese Zelkova is also readily attacked. Adults (beetles) vary in color from yellow to olive green, and have a black stripe near the outside of each wing cover. They can be confused with other beetles of similar appearance (western corn rootworm, striped cucumber beetle), but they are distinctive in that they occur …

G92-1094 Controlling External Swine Parasites, John B. Campbell, Barbara Straw

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Mixing, safety, restrictions, and precautions for insecticides used to control external swine parasites.

Hog Lice and Mange Mites

External parasites of swine include the hog louse and two species of mange mites (the common itch mite and the less common hog follicle mite). Excessive scratching and rubbing by pigs nearly always indicate an infestation of hog lice or mange mites.

Hog lice and mange mites infest a high percentage of swine slaughtered at Midwest slaughter plants.

G91-1026 Sunflower Production In Nebraska, James A. Schild, David D. Baltensperger, Drew J. Lyon, Gary L. Hein, Eric D. Kerr

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Seeds, seedbed preparations, fertilizing and controlling weeds in sunflowers are among the topics covered here. Sunflowers are native to Nebraska. Cultivated for centuries by native American Indians as a food crop, sunflowers were taken to Europe in the mid-16th century. Oilseed sunflowers have been a U.S. crop since 1986. Sunflower production is divided into two market classes, oil and confectionery. The oil type is by far the most commonly grown market class. Recent health trends have brought sunflower cooking oil into prominence because the oil is low in saturated fats. Confectionery types are grown for the edible roasted sunflower seed …

G91-1023 Insects That Attack Seeds And Seedlings Of Field Crops, Stephen D. Danielson, Robert J. Wright, Gary L. Hein, Leroy Peters, James A. Kalisch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses how to identify and control eight insects that feed on planted seeds and seedlings.

Planted seeds of field crops can attract several kinds of insects. In many cases, the insects do not cause enough damage to justify control procedures. However, under some conditions seed pests may be very destructive. Seed that is slow to germinate and establish is more likely to be damaged. Situations such as first-year crops following sod or pasture, ecofallow, or reduced tillage/heavy crop residue conditions have a good chance for seed/seedling damage. Consider grower experience and past pest problems when deciding about individual …

G90-1004 Growing Radishes And Table Beets, Susan D. Schoneweis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Radishes and beets are easy to grow. Little space is required for them, and small successive plantings can yield an abundance of produce.

The radish, Raphanus sativus, is thought to have originated in East Asia, but the exact location is unknown. Radishes are one of the fastest growing vegetables, ready to harvest in 22 to 60 days. They prefer cool growing temperatures, and quickly become pungent (hot) when the weather gets too warm. Varieties (cultivars) may have round, long tapered, or oblong roots. Colors include crimson, hot pink, pink, white, bicolored and black.

Quick maturing radishes (30 days or …

G90-958 House Fly Control Guide, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Control and background of house flies are discussed here.

Description

The adult house fly is dull gray, 1/4 inch long, with four distinct stripes behind the head. The abdomen is pale. The underside of the male is yellowish. The larvae are typical whitish fly maggots. The pupae are dark brown and 1/3 inch long.

G89-936 Russian Wheat Aphid, Gary L. Hein, Frederick P. Baxendale, John B. Campbell, Arthur F. Hagen, James A. Kalisch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The Russian wheat aphid is a serious insect threat to small grains. Its description, damage and control are discussed here.

The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is a serious insect threat to wheat and other small grains. Growers should examine small grain fields regularly for this pest throughout the fall. In the spring, weekly examinations are needed from the time wheat resumes growth through the late heading stages.

Farmers are encouraged to collect samples of unknown aphids on small grains and have them identified by the Cooperative Extension Service. Proper identification of the aphid is critical in determining the need for …

G89-954 A Guide For Managing Poultry Insects (Revised April 1996), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Major insect pests of Nebraska's poultry population are identified and treatment recommendations are given.

For many years poultry production in Nebraska has consisted primarily of large operations of layer hens. In recent years, however, broiler production has increased in southeast Nebraska. There are also some large turkey production units. Extreme competitiveness in the poultry industry has resulted in narrow cost-profit margins. Poultry operations cannot allow ectoparasitic and nuisance insects to interfere with production, nor can they afford high pest control expenses. For production to be profitable, poultry production must be managed to reduce the incidence of insect pests.

Poultry are …

G89-950 Horse Insect Control Guide, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Insects that bother horses, and ways to treat them, are covered here.

People keep horses in Nebraska for a number of different reasons. Some are for 4-H projects and urban users (recreational), ranch and farm (work), breeding farms, and racing.

Some of the insect pests of horses are also pests of other livestock species. Other insects are specific to horses, but may be pests only on farm and ranch horses.

The best methods of pest control vary depending upon the type of horse production.

G89-931 Alfalfa Anthracnose, John E. Watkins, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Symptoms, disease cycle and control of alfalfa anthracnose are discussed here.

Forage crops are grown on and harvested from more acres in Nebraska than any other crop. Of the almost 49 million acres of agricultural land in Nebraska, approximately 24 million acres are in hay. Alfalfa production has stabilized at about two million acres.

High feed and forage production costs and periodic droughts have generated increased concern by farmers and ranchers over forage losses from diseases, insects and environmental stresses. Estimates suggest about one-fourth of the U.S. alfalfa hay crop and one-tenth of the seed crop are lost annually to …

G87-852 Growing Gladiolus, Amy J. Greving

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The gladiolus is as beautiful as it is easy to grow. Planting, culture, care, insects, and disease are discussed in this NebGuide.

Gladiolus are one of the most popular flowers for garden use, and are easy to grow. The plants, ranging from two to six feet in height, have sturdy sword-shaped leaves and produce flower spikes with trumpet-shaped florets borne in double rows.

A member of the iris family, gladiolus have great diversity of flower color and shape. Flower shapes range from those with plain petals to those that are deeply ruffled and cut. The colors cover the spectrum and …

G87-828 Growing Perennials, Don Steinegger, Anne Streich

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Planning, soil preparation, and maintenance are necessary in growing a perennial garden of color and interest throughout the growing season.

Herbaceous perennials are non-woody plants that live two or more years under local conditions. The above ground parts of these plants are generally killed to the ground by frost in the fall, but the roots and/or underground parts live through the winter. Growth is renewed and the cycle begins anew in the spring.

While perennials do not require yearly replanting, they still require regular maintenance. For best results, a proper site analysis, soil preparation and routine maintenance are necessary. With …

Ec86-1547 Common Fruit Insects

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. This publication shows the following insects:

1. Codling moth adult and larval entry
2. Apple maggot
3. Red-banded leaf roller
4. Green fruitworm
5. Rosy apple aphid
6. San Jose scale
7. Cherry fruit fly maggot
8. Plum curculio adult
9. Two-spotted spider mite
10. Grape berry moth
11. Oriental fruit moth
12. Peach tree borer

Ec86-1546 Common Vegetable Insects

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. This publication shows the following insects:

1. Cabbage looper and imported cabbageworm
2. Cabbage aphid
3. Hornworm
4. Two-spotted spider mite
5. Bean leaf beetle
6. Mexican bean beetle adult, pupa, larvae, eggs
7. Thrips
8. Root maggot
9. Striped cucumber beetle
10. Spotted cucumber beetle
11. Colorado potato beetle
12. Potato flea beetle
13. Potato leafhopper
14. Squash vine borer
15. Squash bug nymphs and adults

Ec86-1545 Common Forage Legume Insects

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. This publication shows the following insects:

1. Alfalfa weevil adult, larvae
2. Clover leaf weevil larva
3. Sweetclover weevil
4. Variegated cutworm
5. Grasshopper
6. Green cloverworm
7. Potato leafhopper
8. Meadow spittlebug and nymphs
9. Spotted alfalfa aphid
10. Pea aphid

Ec86-1543 Common Soybean Insects

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. This publication shows the following insects:

1. Bean leaf beetle.
2. Mexican ean beeetle and larva
3. Japanese beetle
4. Striped blister beetle
5. Green stink bug and damaged seeds
6. Two-spotted mite
7. Thrips
8. Grape colaspis larva
9. Seed maggot
10. White grub
11. Grasshopper
12. Green cloverworm
13. Cabbage looper
14. Garden webworm
15. Corn earworm

Ec86-1541 Corn Insects — Above Ground

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. It shows the following corn insects:

1. European corn borer (early leaf feeding and mature borers)

2. Southwestern corn borer

3. Common stalk borer

4. Chinch bug

5. Corn earworm

6. Armyworm

7. Corn rootworm beetles (lefet to right: Northern, Western, and Southern)

8. Grasshopper

9. Corn leaf aphid

10. Corn flea beetle and damage

Ec86-1538 Principal Stored Grain Insects

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This one-page extension circular displays pictures of the following grain insects: Granary weevil, Saw-toothed grain beetle, Red flour beetle, Larger cabinet beetle, Lesser grain borer, Rice weevil, Indian-meal moth, Cadelle, Flat grain beetle, and Angoumois grain moth. Some of these stored grain insects are also kitchen pests.

This publication was prepared by Extension Entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.