Education Commons^™

Eating And Exercising: Nebraska Adolescents' Attitudes And Behaviors, Ian Newman

Ian Newman

Prevention Center Papers are occasional publications of the Nebraska Prevention Center for Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Their purpose is to make available information that would not otherwise be easily accessible. This Prevention Center Paper should be considered a working document and does not reflect the official policy or position of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, The U.S. Centers for Disease Control, the Nebraska Department of Education, or Health Education, Inc. Prevention Center Papers are produced for a limited readership to stimulate discussion and generate a flow of communication between the Prevention Center and those interested in the broad field of disease …

Use Of Policy, Education, And Enforcement To Reduce Binge Drinking Among University Students: The Nu Directions Project, Ian Newman, Duane F. Shell, Linda J. Major, Thomas A. Workman

Ian Newman

This paper describes a program, conducted over a 5-year period, that effectively reduced heavy drinking and alcohol-related harms among university students. The program was organized around strategies to change the environment in which binge drinking occurred and involved input and cooperation from officials and students of the university, representatives from the city and the neighborhood near the university, law enforcement, as well as public health and medical officials. In 1997, 62.5% of the university’s approximately 16,000 undergraduate student population reported binge drinking. This rate had dropped to 47% in 2003. Similar reductions were found in both self-reported primary and secondary …

Henan Sheng Liang Cheng Shi Gao Zhong Sheng Wen Hua Ding Wei, Yin Jiu Qi Wang, Zi Wao Xiao Neng Yu Yin Jiu Xing Wei De Yan Jiu [Study On The Relationship Between Cultural Orientation, Alcohol Expectancy, Self-Efficacy, And Drinking Behavior Among Senior High School Students In Two Cities In Henan Province], Ling Qian, Tao Hu, Ian Newman, Peisen Hou

Ian Newman

Objective: To explore the relationships between alcohol expectancy, cultural orientation, self-efficacy and drinking behavior to provide theoretical support for the development of education programs aimed at preventing alcohol abuse among adolescents. Methods: An anonymous quantitative survey of 2756 tenth and eleventh grade students in six senior high schools in Zhengzhou and Xinyang city of Henan province was conducted in November 2005 and data was analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results: The overall rate of drinking alcohol among participants was 56.5%. The median score of cultural orientation was 3.25(3.09, 3.42); of alcohol expectancy was 3.02 (2.81, 3.23); and 79.64 (60.36, 93.21) …

Alcohol Expectancies Among Adolescents In Inner Mongolia, Ian Newman, Ming Qu, Duane F. Shell, Yuching Li, Fangfang Gao

Ian Newman

Female students were more likely to report global negative expectancies, while male students were more likely to report stronger positive social perception expectancies. The 11th and 12th graders expected more negative effects from drinking including global negative effects and negative personal effects than did the 10th graders. Nondrinkers and occasional drinkers reported greater expectancies of negative personal effects and negative perceptions of drinking than regular-drinkers. In contrast, regular drinkers more often reported expectancies of positive social perception, tension reduction and pleasure. social courtesy, social facilitation. and beneficial drinking. The results suggest that alcohol expectancies among Chinese adolescents in Inner Mongolia …

Nebraska Adolescents' Hiv/Aids Attitudes, Knowledge And Related Practices: 1989, Ian Newman, Joe Lutjeharms, Joanne Owens-Nauslar, Autumn Koch

Ian Newman

This Prevention Center Paper (No. 22) describes the HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and practices of a random sample of 1240 Nebraska adolescents in grades 9-12. The data were gathered in 1989. Data were gathered by staff of Health Education, Inc., a Nebraska-based nonprofit research and development corporation, as part of a contract with the Nebraska Department of Education. The Nebraska Department of Education has a major HIV /AIDS cooperative agreement with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia. Schools were selected at random from each of the six classifications of Nebraska schools established by the Nebraska Department …

Infant Mortality As A Potential Measure Of Community Health In Urban Growth, Ian Newman

Ian Newman

This document is one of a series which contains the results of research carried out during a 1969 Summer Study of Urban Decentralization at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, sponsored by the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The summary of the Summer Study is contained in "An Introduction to Urban Decentralization Research," ORNL-HUD-3.

Progress In Reducing Tobacco Use Across Nebraska, Jeff Willett, Ian Newman, Cheryl Wiese, Seth Emont, Tandiwe Njobe, Peter Finn

Ian Newman

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, causing over 400,000 deaths annually. In Nebraska each year, 2,400 adults die prematurely because of cigarette smoking. It is estimated that 45,000 Nebraskans now under the age of 18 will eventually die prematurely from cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is responsible for $419 million of Nebraska's annual health care costs (representing approximately 7 percent of the state's annual health care costs, including 12 percent of Nebraska's annual Medicaid expenditures), and smoking-related mortality results in over $400 million in forgone future earnings in the state per year. In 2000, …

Alcohol Expectancies Among High School Students In Inner Mongolia, China, Duane F. Shell, Ian Newman, Ming Qu

Ian Newman

Objective — This study examines differences in Chinese high school students’ alcohol expectancies by drinking status (nondrinker, occasional drinker, regular drinker) and gender (male, female). Method — The authors administered the Chinese Adolescent Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (CAEQ) to a convenience sample of 1244 high school students (M = 627; F = 617) from schools in Hohhot City and Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia, China. Results — Differences were found in the 8 CAEQ factors (3 negative and 5 positive factors). Regular drinkers had lower negative consequences and higher positive perception expectancies than nondrinkers or occasional drinkers. Nondrinkers had higher harm …

Zhong Guo Gao Zhong Sheng Yin Jiu Zhuang Kuang Yan Jiu De Hui Gu [Review Of Studies Of Chinese High School Students’ Drinking Behavior], Ian Newman, Ling Qian, Jianguo Zhang, Jie Zhao, Ying Zhang

Ian Newman

No abstract provided.

Alcohol And Young People: Promoting Benefits And Reducing Risks, Ian Newman

Ian Newman

For young people, alcohol used in ways prescribed by tradition and indigenous practices are suggested to be of lower risk than those encouraged by modem marketing and western images. Data from the USA and China are presented and discussed to support this hypothesis. Limited data suggest Chinese adolescents may be adopting higher-risk Western-style drinking practices and moving away from traditional drinking styles. It is suggested that policies which promote traditional and indigenous alcohol use should be encouraged and high-risk Western-style drinking practices discouraged.

Adolescent Alcohol Use: Mixed Methods Research Approach, Ian Newman, Duane F. Shell, Qu Ming, Xue Jianping, Michelle R. Maas

Ian Newman

This paper describes how one research team uses a variety of qualitative, cultural anthropological research techniques and qualitative survey research techniques to better understand the characteristics of young people who drink and do not drink alcohol. The team used qualitative methods of cultural anthropology for initial small-group studies of three mental constructs known to predict behaviors. These mental constructs are: what young people expect to happen when they drink alcohol (alcohol expectancies), how they view Chinese and Western cultural values (cultural orientation), and how confident they are in believing they can manage pressures to drink alcohol (self-efficacy). Data from the …

Wen Hua Ding Wei Yu Gao Zhong Sheng Yin Jiu Xing Wei Zhi Jian De Guan Xi [Cultural Orientation And Chinese Adolescent Drinking], Jianping Xue, Ian Newman, Duane F. Shell, Xiaoyi Fang

Ian Newman

Objective: To explore a relationship between culture and alcohol drinking Methods: Questionnaires on western cultural influence and drinking practices were administered to 1,091 tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grade students in five senior high schools in Beijing in January 2002. Results: The mean cultural orientation scores for the three drinking groups were statistically different, F = 30.64, p=.03. A post hoc test indicated that significant differences in cultural orientation existed between non-drinkers (X=2.98, SD=.28, N=388) and occasional drinkers (X=3.08, SD=.27, N=418) and between non-drinkers and regular drinkers (X =3.13, SD=.26, N=149) Conclusions: The more westem-oriented the students were the more likely …

Alcohol Expectancies Among High School Students In China, Duane F. Shell, Ian Newman, Ming Qu

Ian Newman

Objective: There is little systematic information on the patterns of Chinese adolescents' alcohol expectancies and the influence of expectancies on drinking behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine Chinese high school students' alcohol expectancies and gender and drinking status (non-drinker, occasional drinker, regular drinker) differences in expectancies. Method: We administered the Chinese Adolescent Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (CAEQ) to a convenience sample of 1244 high school students (M = 627; F = 617) from schools in Huhhot City, Chayouhou Qi, and Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia, China. Results: We identified eight expectancy factors: three negative (general negative consequences, harm …

Globalisation And Alcohol, Ian Newman

Ian Newman

Alcohol has been a global beverage for centuries. It is the best known and most widely used psychoactive drug. It occurs in nature without human assistance. It is one form of the four universal beverages -- water. milk, fruit/plant juices (which may be fermented), and blood. Alcohol is consumed in almost all societies of the world and all societies acknowledge, either directly or indirectly. its good and its bad affects. Despite the universality of alcohol and more than 5000 years of recorded experience, alcohol and its problems continue to challenge governments. businesses, communities, and families. Over time each society developed …

Alcohol And Young People: Promoting Benefits And Reducing Risks (In Chinese), Ian Newman

Ian Newman

No abstract provided.

School Teacher's Role In A School-Community Alcohol Intervention Program, Ian Newman, Mary Lee Fitzsimmons, Kim M. Maschmann, J. W. Upright

Ian Newman

Because the majority of rural and/or frontier children attend school for at least some time in their lives, implementing a low-cost, school-based alcohol and other drug prevention and intervention program is an effective way to reach a majority of children with alcohol and other drug abuse prevention, education, and early intervention services. This paper describes a model program, the School-Community Intervention Program (SCIP), and describes the results of a 2-year evaluation of 35 schools.

Cultural Aspects Of Drinking Patterns And Alcohol Controls In China, Ian Newman

Ian Newman

Alcohol, 'jiu' in Mandarin, is intimately intertwined in almost every aspect of Chinese culture and has been since earliest times. China's cultural traditions, which have until now minimized the risks associated with alcohol use, will be challenged as China opens to the West There will be a tendency for outsiders to encourage the adoption of Western-style policies to address problems from alcohol abuse. Doing so without careful consideration of the cultural role of alcohol could be counterproductive.

Dian Xing Xiang Guan Fen Xi Zai Zhong Guo Qing Shao Nian Jian Kang Xing Wei Ying Xiang Yin Su Tan Tao Zhong De Ying Yong [Multi-Factor Influences On Chinese Youth Health Behaviors: Canonical Correlation Analysis On Data From The Global School-Based Health Survey], Teresa M. Merrick, Ying Zhang, Ian Newman, Duane F. Shell, L. Qian

Ian Newman

Objective: To explore interrelationships among conceptually related groups of health behaviors in Chinese youth using the multivariate technique of canonical correlation to provide a multi-dimensional view of the component variables.

Methods: Responses on health behaviors from the 2003 Global School-Based Student Health Survey(GSHS) in China were grouped into four conceptual categories-health risks, psychological, behavior, and environmental and analyzed through canonical correlation using SPSS 13.0.

Results: Negative psychological state is reflected by high level incidence of being lonely, being worried, being depressed, considering suicide, and planning how to attempt suicide, while healthy behavior by low tobacco use, alcohol use, sedentary behavior …

Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy: Identification And Intervention, Alexandra Elizabeth Walk, Susan C. Davies

Susan C. Davies

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP), also known as “factitious disorder by proxy,” is a mental illness in which a person lies about the physical or mental well-being of a person he/she is responsible for (The Cleveland Clinic, 2008). Most often the dynamic transpires between a mother and her child. The motivation behind MSBP is that the adult seeks the attention typically given to those who are sick, and attempts to get the attention by causing or lying about illness in his/her child. MSBP is a type of child abuse and can result in long-term physical and psychological effects or even …

Concussions And Student Sports: A 'Silent Epidemic', Susan C. Davies, Charles J. Russo, Allan G. Osborne

Susan C. Davies

An issue that has gained attention concerns concussions among student–athletes in elementary and secondary schools. In fact, in light of the “silent epidemic” of concussions among student–athletes, in the six month period ending in August of 2011, the number of states that enacted statutes on concussion management jumped from eleven to thirty–one and the list of jurisdictions with laws in place continues to grow.

Based on the significance of concussion management, the remainder of this article is divided into two sections. The first part of the article examines the background on concussions while the second offers recommendations for concussion management …

Training School Psychology Graduate Students To Address Regional Shortages: A Distance Learning Model, Susan C. Davies, Julie Q. Morrison, Sawyer Hunley

Susan C. Davies

Addressing the shortages of school psychologists in underserved regions of the country is critical to the profession and the communities served by its members. This article describes a school psychology satellite training program using a hybrid approach combining distance learning technologies and face-to-face classroom meetings. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of sixteen graduate students in a rural, Appalachian region of Ohio as members of the first two cohorts enrolled in the school psychology satellite program.

Is Your School Prepared For A Sexting Crisis?, Morgan J. Aldridge, Susan C. Davies, Kelli Jo Arndt

Susan C. Davies

Sexting is a growing challenge. Results from a survey indicated that 20% of adolescents ages 13–19 have sent or posted nude or semi-nude pictures of themselves; 71% of adolescent females and 67% of adolescent males who have sexted sent the content to a boyfriend or girlfriend; and 38% of adolescent females and 39% of adolescent males report having seen messages originally intended for someone else (National Campaign, 2008). Those messages can spread at a rapid rate, causing both legal and emotional ramifications for all students involved. Principals can help prevent sexting and mitigate its negative consequences by making staff members …

Traumatic Brain Injury And Teacher Training: A Gap In Educator Preparation, Susan C. Davies, Emily E. Fox, Ann Glang, Deborah Ettel, Catherine Thomas

Susan C. Davies

This study examines the level of training provided on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in teacher training programs. Research has shown teachers lack knowledge about the consequences of TBI and about the related services students with TBI might require. Participants included faculty members in teacher training programs in the United States. The current study revealed very little formal training on TBI is provided in teacher training programs. If provided, TBI training was more likely to be found in special education classes than in general education settings.

The Relationship Between Curriculum-Based Measures In Oral Reading Fluency And High-Stakes Tests For Seventh Grade Students, Sawyer Hunley, Susan C. Davies, Christina R. Miller

Susan C. Davies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral reading fluency and performance on a statewide reading achievement test for middle grades students. Participants in this study were 75 seventh-grade students. One month before the students were administered the state test, each student read three probes from their current basal reader to determine an oral reading fluency rate. The Ohio Grade 7 Reading Test scores were correlated with oral reading fluency rates to determine the extent of the relationship between the results. Results support the use of oral reading fluency assessment as a valid tool for identifying …

School-Based Services For Traumatized Refugee Children, Dana Doran-Myers, Susan C. Davies

Susan C. Davies

In 1991, civil war raged in Somalia and the country’s infrastructure began to disintegrate. Since then, millions have fled the violence and instability. Many Somali refugees have settled in the United States; Ohio now has the second larg- est settlement of Somali refugees in the country. Most of these refugees reside in the Columbus area, where numerous out- reach services have been developed. The Somalis are one of many refugee popula- tions that have enrolled children in Ohio schools. In such cases, there is often little or no warning of the children’s arrival and thus little time to prepare a …

Part-Time Work As A School Psychologist, Susan C. Davies

Susan C. Davies

U.S. News and World Report recently rated school psychology as one of the 25 best careers for 2007, highlighting a variety of factors converging to create a strong job market outlook for school psychologists. It emphasizes the generally positive working conditions experienced by those working in our field. One of the many perks to the profession of school psychology is the potential for flexibility in one’s work, such as through parttime positions. While numerous occupations do not lend themselves to part-time work, many school districts offer appealing parttime positions to school psychologists. This is not only a good option for …

Sexting: You Found The Sext, What To Do Next? How School Psychologists Can Assist With Policy, Prevention, And Intervention, Morgan J. Aldridge, Kelli Jo Arndt, Susan C. Davies

Susan C. Davies

Early Monday morning, it is brought to the school psychologist’s attention that Katie, a 15-year-old student, engaged in “sexting” over the weekend; she sent a naked picture of herself to her boyfriend. The boyfriend immediately forwarded the picture to a group of his friends. At school on Monday, many students were talking about the picture, and Katie was humiliated. The school is unaware of how many students this sext message has reached. What can the school psychologist do to intervene with the female student, her boyfriend, and his friends? What, if anything, can be done to prevent this message from …

Review Of 'Handbook Of Multicultural Assessment: Clinical, Psychological, And Educational Applications', Susan C. Davies

Susan C. Davies

The third edition of Suzuki and Ponterotto’s Handbook of Multicultural Assessment: Clinical, Psychological, and Educational Applications provides comprehensive reviews on a variety of topics related to culturally appropriate assessment. The text includes updated chapters from previous editions, along with several newly conceptualized chapters that reflect the most current research in the field. Some chapters from previous editions were consolidated, resulting in a streamlined volume which will be useful to professionals and trainees in psychology, education, and social service disciplines.

Graduate Preparation Of School Psychologists In Serving English Language Learners, Morgan J. Aldridge, Elana R. Bernstein, Susan C. Davies

Susan C. Davies

The purpose of this study was to examine the training practices of NASP accredited graduate programs in school psychology with regard to best practices in working with English Language Learners (ELLs). Training directors of school psychology programs were surveyed regarding the amount of time and the extent of instruction they provided their school psychology graduate students on the topic of ELLs. School psychology interns were also surveyed regarding both their current knowledge about serving ELLs and their perceived preparedness to serve ELLs. Results indicated that school psychology programs are not adequately preparing graduate students to serve the growing population of …

The Effect Of Motivational Languaging Activities On L2 Learning Motivation: Cases Of Efl Students In South Korea, Tae-Young Kim

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

This study highlights the effect of languaging activities on students' EFL-learning motivation. By presenting two different studies, I argue that Swain's concept of languaging can be applied to primary/secondary school students' L2 learning. Motivational languaging activities were particularly useful for elementary school students. Opinion writing group showed significant increase in their motivational constructs at the end of experimentation.