Business Commons^™

The Estimation Of Production Functions With Monetary Values, Jesus Felipe, John Mccombie, Aashish Mehta

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

For decades, the literature on the estimation of production functions has focused on the elimination of endogeneity biases through different estimation procedures to obtain the correct factor elasticities and other relevant parameters. Theoretical discussions of the problem correctly assume that production functions are relationships among physical inputs and output. However, in practice, they are most often estimated using deflated monetary values for output (value added or gross output) and capital. This introduces two additional problems—an errors-invariables problem, and a tendency to recover the factor shares in value added instead of their elasticities. The latter problem derives from the fact that …

The Relationship Of Esg Component Scores And Creditworthiness On Publicly Listed Firms In The Asean-5 Countries, Shayne Jefferson Alvarez, Charlene Ashley C. Cu, Lance L. Lamberte, Patrick Henry G. Yap, Paulynne J. Castillo, Roberto B. Raymundo, Joel Q. Tanchuco

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

ESG ratings are crucial for ASEAN-5 businesses' creditworthiness. While existing studies often concentrate on ESG's impact on financial performance or general pillars, a detailed exploration of the 10 specific ESG components in the ASEAN-5 is lacking. This study addresses this gap, examining how ESG ratings affect a company's creditworthiness (probability of default) in publicly traded companies across the ASEAN-5 countries while considering potential heterogeneity. Utilizing annual data from 2013-2022 for 10 ESG components and Eikon Refinitiv's probability of default via the Starmine Combined Credit Risk Model across ASEAN-5, the study employs a panel OLS regression model with White's Robust Standard …

Does The Presence Of Foreign Investors Affect Financial Reporting Quality In Philippine Publicly Listed Firms?, Natasha Amber Y. Cabiltes, Megan Justine Siao Beltran, John Miguel Roger Dela Cruz Benito, Gianna Zenovia Domingo Agaton, Mariel Monica R. Sauler, Angelo A. Unite

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Reinstate accounting conservatism in the Conceptual Framework – Our findings should be of interest to accounting standard setters, given the ongoing debate on the necessity for accounting conservatism as a characteristic for useful financial statements after its initial removal from the conceptual framework in 2010. While there are arguments that conservatism violates the neutrality of financial reports, further discussions show that conservatism can give a more faithful representation of firm performance (Cooper, 2015; International Accounting Standards Board, 2018).

Analysis On The Credit Accessibility And Growth Of Manufacturing Firms In The Cases Of Indonesia, Philippines, And Vietnam, Sophia Angela Jimenez, Kamille Daquinag, Maria Regina Victoria Sagrit, Brian Irvin Chan, Albert Lamberte, Maria Zunally Rapada, Krista Danielle Yu

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to income and employment generation, poverty reduction, and industry growth in the ASEAN region (Mendoza, 2015). Their significant contributions to economies have led countries to emphasize the importance of firm growth, which is influenced by credit accessibility. Majority of existing enterprises in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam are composed of MSMEs with limited financial resources to foster growth (Paratama, 2019). This hinders the potential of manufacturing MSMEs to have sufficient funding. However, existing literature suggests that credit access significantly provides a positive impact on firm growth only until a certain threshold point (Nizam …

An Analysis On The Efficiency Of Philippine Microfinance Institutions: A Stochastic Frontier Approach, Ryan Lou Dio, Elijah Jacob Mendoza, Lunette Clarisse Nunez, Ma. Ellory Villanueva, Myrna S. Austria, Tereso S. Tullao Jr

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) were created to provide loans and financial services for the poor as commercial banks have requirements that are not accessible to them. The Philippines government soon started using MFIs as a poverty alleviation tool to answer the market failure created by the commercial banking industry since it cannot accommodate the needs of low-income earners due to the high costs attached to it. However, recent studies have shown that MFIs are “mission drifting,” which means that they are deviating from their original social purpose and becoming more financially driven. As a result, this paper estimates the financial and …

How Trade Liberalization And Labor Development Could Coincide In The Philippines, Aeneas Dr Hernandez, Brendan Emmanuel A. Miranda, Martin William P. Regulano, Andrae Jamal Tecson, Martin William P. Regulano, Ma. Ella Oplas, Tereso S. Tullao Jr, Winfred M. Villamil

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

As the world adapts to the rapid pace of globalization in the 21st century, countries ease trade restrictions by gradually removing tariffs and non-tariff barriers to incentivize the free flow of goods across nations. This prevalence of trade liberalization policies propelled policymakers and economists to investigate the relationship between trade reforms and economic outcomes including wage inequality around the world. They found that trade liberalization, on average, has had a positive impact on economic growth, but prior studies that examine the effects of trade liberalization on wage inequality in developing countries have found mixed results. Recently, Murakami (2021) examined the …

Tourism: The Industry Of Those That Could Not Industrialize, Jesus Felipe

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Discussions about the magnificent possibilities of the Philippine tourism sector are not new. Yet, the constraints the sector faces continue without being addressed. I also often hear references, like the one above, to the sector as one that will contribute significantly to the Philippines eventually attaining high income per capita. In this Brief, I offer some considerations on both issues.

The Culture & Practice Convergence: Looking For Ways Towards Sustainability, Miguel Paolo Paredes

Center for Business Research and Development

Thirty years ago, the Earth Summit gathering in Rio de Janeiro held host to world leaders, setting a blueprint for a more secure future by balancing economic growth and ecological necessity. Created for member states to cooperate in response to worldwide development issues, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) sought to address these challenges and achieved a global consensus on the priorities for a new development agenda (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Earth Summit, n.d.) As sustainability issues encompassed the whole of the planet, the summit provided a platform for member states to collaborate …

Philippine Stock Market: What Value Does The Selected Market Information Hold For Filipino Investors?, Edna Delantar

Center for Business Research and Development

There is a high level of information efficiency in the stock market. An efficient market adjusts security prices quickly and accurately to new information, without having to digest it for very long. Often, the pace of adjustment is remarkably rapid. This study focuses on the importance of market information as assessed by 250 retail investors in the Philippine Stock Market. The participants have active accounts and engaged in active trading with selected stock brokers and are at least 18 years old and above (or the age of eligibility to open an account with a broker). The gender of the respondents …

What Innovation Means For The Philippines, Felipe Jesus

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

The administration argues that the future of the nation is “innovation,” as this is the catalyst to sustaining growth. On paper, this certainly looks like a very defensible strategy. The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2023–2028’s Chapter 8: Advance Research and Development, Technology, and Innovation, lays out strategies, programs, and legislative priorities to be pursued to promote innovation among industries and identifies metrics to measure the country’s progress in harnessing research and development, technology, and innovation.

Is Anything Left Of The Debate About The Sources Of Growth In East Asia Thirty Years Later?, Jesus Felipe, John Mccombie

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

The year 2023 commemorates the 30th anniversary of the publication of the influential, yet controversial, study The East Asian Miracle report by the World Bank (1993). An important part of the report’s analysis was concerned with the sources of growth in East Asia. This was based on the neoclassical decomposition of growth into productivity and factor accumulation. At about the same time, the publication of Alwyn Young’s (1992, 1995) and J-I Kim and Lawrence Lau’s (1994) studies, and Paul Krugman’s (1994) popularization of the “zero total factor productivity growth” thesis, led to a very important debate within the profession, on …

The Financials Of Water: The Case Of Maynilad And Manila Water, Junette A. Perez, Janrick Razon

Center for Business Research and Development

What is water? It is defined in the English Oxford Living Dictionaries as a colorless, transparent, odorless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms. The paper uses financial ratio analysis to examine the financial performance of the two dominant water and wastewater companies in Metro Manila. It attempts to appreciate how water and wastewater companies perform financially as they confront the complexities of operating an essential utility, water, and wastewater.

The Maritime Transportation Sector: Addressing Key Challenges Towards Sustainable Development, Rayan Dui

Center for Business Research and Development

The present business landscape expects sustainability from the most diverse organizations. However, sustainability issues in maritime transportation have taken a lower priority among its stakeholders. The different maritime stakeholders have started to become aware of their sustainability responsibility as interest in sustainable shipping has grown among retailers and their shipping vessels, leading to cost-efficiency in their operations and compliance with regulations and conventions set forth by the IMO (Lister, 2015). It must be noted that the maritime transportation sector is central to the worldwide economy as it is responsible for transporting products of all kinds and accounts for approximately ninety …

Vignettes: Social Media Practices Of Selected Social Enterprises In The Philippines, Raymund B. Habaradas, Ian Benedict R. Mia

Center for Business Research and Development

Social media enable firms to engage their consumers at a lower cost and at a higher level of efficiency than traditional communication tools. Using the typology for social media marketing of Coursaris et al (2013), we illustrate how two Philippine social enterprises, namely Human Nature and HOPE, utilize social media, specifically their Facebook brand pages, to promote their social and economic objectives.

Our exploratory study shows that social enterprises adopt different approaches in crafting the messages they release on social media. Their choice of highlighting either their products or their advocacies are influenced by the nature of their products and …

Tax Risk, Corporate Governance, And The Valuation Of Tax Avoidance Across Philippine Firms: How Do Investors Value Corporate Tax Avoidance?, Christine E. Ang, Shawn Luther S. Chan, Sean Ellison G. Sow, Siegwald K. Yap, Madeleine B. Estabillo, Anne Go, Angelo A. Unite

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Tax avoidance has traditionally been thought to enhance firm value because it generates cash savings for reinvestment or distribution to shareholders. More recent literature, however, suggests that tax avoidance valuation may not be so simple. Desai and Dharmapala (2009) introduced the “agency perspective” on tax avoidance, arguing that investors consider the risk of tax avoidance as opening opportunities for managers to extract rents from their firms. Positive tax avoidance value would therefore be conditional on good corporate governance quality. Drake et al. (2017) introduced yet another dimension—tax risk—to the valuation of tax avoidance, arguing that tax avoidance that comes with …

Gender Equality And Women Empowerment For Sustainable Development: The Challenge Of Unpaid Work, Jessica Jaye Ranieses

Center for Business Research and Development

This article focuses on women – a sector that has been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to unpaid care work. Unpaid work refers to “all unpaid services provided within a household for its members, including care of persons and housework” (Elson, 2000, as cited by Xue & McMunn, 2021) and a phenomenon that women had already been bearing significantly even prior to the pandemic. With the COVID-19 pandemic where work has shifted remotely, women have now performed multiple roles more than ever. According to the United Nations (2020), among 38 nations, the amount of time spent by women …

Consumer Protection Of Persons With Disabilities Amidst The Covid-19, James Keith C. Heffron

Center for Business Research and Development

The Persons with Disabilities (PWD) sector was one of the most overlooked and affected sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. As consumers, PWDs have suffered difficult challenges in the access of essential goods and services, including healthcare, and these challenges have been unduly aggravated because of the crisis. The article exposes and examines the negative impact of the crisis on the consumer rights and behavior of PWDs with a special focus on the novel barriers brought about by the pandemic on their right to access. The current pre-pandemic legislation is not adequate to protect PWDs from these novel barriers as there …

Young Filipinos’ Attitudes Towards Counterfeit Products: A Descriptive Study On Attitudes And Perceptions: A Study By The Ip Academy Of The Intellectual Property Office Of The Philippines, Ma. Liezel Bumanglag

Asia-Pacific Journal of IP Management and Innovation

The prevalence of counterfeit goods is a problem that is affecting different countries, posing threats to individuals, businesses, and economies. Given that the Philippines is characterized by its largely young population, this study aims to describe the perceptions and attitudes of young Filipinos toward counterfeit goods, with the hope of using this data to assist the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) in its fight against counterfeits. Specifically, this study aims to describe the demographic characteristics of young Filipinos who have bought counterfeit goods; to describe the frequency and willingness of young Filipinos to buy counterfeit goods; to identify …

The Concept Of Originality And Creativity In The Humanities, The Social Sciences And The Natural Sciences, Madelene Sta. Maria, Christopher Cruz, Maria Judy San Juan, Charisse Tan, Rajiv Amarnani

Asia-Pacific Journal of IP Management and Innovation

The study was conducted to determine how 21 experts in the discipline clusters of humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences defined originality and creativity in terms of how these concepts are understood and realized in the production of works in their respective disciplines, what related copyright issues emerge related to these concepts, and how these two concepts are related. Through thematic qualitative analysis of in-depth interview data, findings suggest that while there may be converging ideas about originality and creativity among the discipline clusters, the way this concept is operationalized by each discipline significantly vary. The study is …

A Sound Vote: Integrity, Music Copyright, And Politics In The Philippines, Mark Robert Dy

Asia-Pacific Journal of IP Management and Innovation

This research aims to determine whether the moral right of integrity may be invoked by composers or performers to prevent the use of their music for political campaigning. Protecting the integrity of a work does not only mean keeping a work unchanged but also includes preventing its use in an undesirable context. Under ordinary circumstances, a license from the music publisher or agent would be enough permission to play or perform music publicly. However, political campaigns are uniquely complicated situations because permitting the use of one’s music might be perceived as support for a political candidate, party, or ideology. The …

Preliminaries

Asia-Pacific Journal of IP Management and Innovation

Preliminaries

Abstracts Of Best Paper Winners From The 2nd Ipophl-Dlsu Ip And Innovation Research Conference

Asia-Pacific Journal of IP Management and Innovation

ABSTRACTS OF BEST PAPER WINNERS FROM THE 2ND IPOPHL-DLSU IP AND INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE

The Next Frontier: The Arbitrability Of Intellectual Property Disputes, Daniel Hofilena

Asia-Pacific Journal of IP Management and Innovation

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are private rights and are only as strong as the means to enforce them. In this light, arbitration has been an increasingly attractive alternative for parties to resolve their disputes due to its efficiency, specialty, confidentiality, and deference to party autonomy. Arbitral awards can likewise be enforced across jurisdictions that are signatories to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. However, the capability of parties to submit IPR matters to arbitration is sometimes limited by the State under its laws. This study will explore possible solutions to the arbitrability of …

Lacking Copyright: A Policy Brief On The Prohibition On The Public Education Sector Of The Philippines To Own Copyright And Its Consequences, Clifford C. Chan, Yasmine Lee R. Tadeo, Sheena T. Rima, Romeo Joshua Movido

Asia-Pacific Journal of IP Management and Innovation

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about numerous consequences upon the global community, whether socially or economically. The education sector has not been isolated from the effects of the pandemic, having to largely suspend face-to-face classes, its traditional approach to learning, in favor of alternative modalities in teaching. To ensure learning continuity despite the difficulties caused by the pandemic, the Department of Education - Philippines promulgated a series of DepEd Orders directing public and private schools to adopt alternative methods of learning such as online distance learning and the preparation of Self Learning Modules. The resort to the different learning modalities …

Boycott Practices: A Study Of The Lasallian Youth’S Perceptions And Involvement With Consumer Activism, Czarina Damienne N. Ang, Alyssa K. Clemente, Keanne Nohl P. Hernandez, Louis Gelberto S. Martin

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

In the corporate world's continual pursuit of social responsibility, businesses are placed under the scrutiny of the public as social decisions are made within, more so outside written policies and moral principles. A boycott is a communal withdrawal against a company whose malpractices disagree with the public. With the rising participation in this method of consumer activism, this qualitative research aims to discover the views of the Lasallian youth regarding this activity, exploring their support and perception of its success, relevance, and trends. 54 Senior High School students from the De La Salle University Integrated School (Manila) were chosen through …

3 Fields, 1 Mode Of Survival: How Puregold, Imarflex And Chef Patrick Adapted To The Covid 19 Crisis In The Philippines, Gian Levin S. Batac, Jayvee Laurenz F. Lau, Rulevin Jared C. Uy, Harley Y. Po, Michael S. Melliza Jr.

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought challenges to countless businesses and consumers all over the world. Nonetheless, numerous businesses found a way to overcome this obstacle and adapt e-commerce into the business landscape. This phenomenological study examined the modifications made by selected businesses in order to adapt to the new normal of the business world, inquiring into the importance of e-commerce as a coping strategy to survive the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected through Zoom interviews with the companies Puregold, Imarflex, and Chef Patrick, each a distinct field in business. Results showed that the pandemic served as an accelerator of the …

Pandemic Preparedness Of Engineers: Efficiency In Engineering And Facility Management, Kyle Angelique Y. Elix, Ma. Joy Cassandra T. Faustino, Joseph Benjamin A. Mijares

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Throughout the pandemic, facilities management has played a critical role in ensuring the health and safety, longevity, and productivity of enterprises and their employees during these unprecedented times. Management of building systems is crucial for minimizing the spread of the disease and ensuring a safe work environment, so it is more important than ever that the built environment remains working securely and efficiently, regardless of the number of people in a facility. Therefore, the researchers were prompted to quantitatively describe the Roles of Engineers in Pandemic Preparedness regarding the Efficiency Rate of Engineering and Facility Management; the procedure includes gathering …

Factors Influencing Smartphone Purchase Intention: A Study Among Filipino Generation Z Within The National Capital Region, Margaret Natalie V. Briones, Eliza Anne B. Evangelista, Aljohn Emmanuel Y. Go, Karyl Christine L. Sy

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

As we progress into the digital era, smartphones have become increasingly important and integrated into our daily lives. The unanticipated shift to an online setting brought upon by the COVID-19 pandemic raised technology’s significance in education, causing Generation Z’s to consider purchasing smartphones. With recent technological innovations and sophisticated marketing strategies, consumers take various considerations into account when deciding to buy smartphones. Hence, the main objective of this research is to determine to what extent the factors (i.e., brand, product features, price, convenience, social influence, and smartphone dependency) influence the Filipino Gen Z's intention to purchase smartphones. To investigate the …

Assessment Of The Mediating Effects Of Compensation And Benefits On The Relationship Of Job Satisfaction And Employee Retention Among Millennial Employees In Bpo Call Center In Metro Manila: The Case Of Infocomtech, Reanna Ericka D. Inza-Cruz, Allysa C. Pasion, Roxanne K. Tiu

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Over the past decade, the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry in the Philippines has experienced significant growth. However, the industry continues to experience high attrition rate. At this time, majority of the workforce in BPO call centers are millennials and observably, their level of job satisfaction deviates from the older generation. The main objective of the research is to assess whether compensation and benefits have a mediating effect on job satisfaction and employee retention particularly, among millennial employees in the BPO call centers in Metro Manila. This can potentially benefit not only BPO call centers but individual employees and industry. …

Entrepreneurial Attitude And Intention Of Abm Senior High School Learners, Ryzel Vonn D. Pat-I, Haelen Kie G. Caro, Andreana Paulene W. Chioco, Roy Angelo D. Fusingan, Katrenna Andrea P. Matulac, Zilllah Jayne A. Sabio

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

Due to the global health crisis, many people lost their jobs or had to accept lower compensation. To mitigate the economic constraints caused by the pandemic, people pursued entrepreneurship to help meet their basic needs. However, to become successful in the field of entrepreneurship, one must possess a high level of entrepreneurial attitude and intention. Although a considerable study had been conducted to assess the level of entrepreneurial attitude and intention, its Senior High School (SHS) level implementation had only received far less attention. Likewise, there is a dearth of literature that assess the level of entrepreneurial attitude and intention …