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Beverage Label--Dempsey Extra From W. C. Heath To Attorney General Langer, 1917, W. C. Heath

William Langer Papers

Beverage label--Dempsey Extra--sent by W. C. Heath to Attorney General William Langer in July of 1917.

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Beverage Label--Nontoxo from W. C. Heath to Attorney General Langer, 1917

Beverage Label--Malta from W. C. Heath to Attorney General Langer, 1917

Beverage Label--Nontoxo From W. C. Heath To Attorney General Langer, 1917, W. C. Heath

William Langer Papers

Beverage label--Nontoxo--sent by W. C. Heath to Attorney General William Langer in July of 1917

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Dempsey Extra from W. C. Heath to Attorney General Langer, 1917

Beverage Label--Malta from W. C. Heath to Attorney General Langer, 1917

Letter From Assistant Attorney General To Sheriff T. V. Meinhover Of Linton Requesting Investigation Of Alcohol Use In Braddock And Linton, And Enforcement Of The Laws, June 30, 19171917, William Langer

William Langer Papers

Letter, dated June 30, 1917 from Assistant Attorney General to Sheriff T. V. Meinhover of Linton, ND regarding indications that Braddock is planning a 4th of July celebration and assembling quantities of intoxicating liquor for the celebration.Furthermore, there are indications that liquor is being freely used in that communuty and in Linton. Langer tasks Meinhover specifically with investigating the situation and enforcing the laws.

Letter From Attorney General Langer To Deputy Sheriff E. M. Prentiss Regarding Limitations On The Shipping In Of Alcohol, May 15, 1917, William Langer

William Langer Papers

Letter dated May 15, 1917 from Attorney General William Langer to Deputy Sheriff E. M. Prentiss of Robinson, ND replying to Prentiss's inquiry of May 14 regarding limitations on the shipping in of alcohol. Langer says that prior to July 1, 1917, there is no specific amount that can be shipped in, and gives Prentiss some guidelines on which to base his individual judgment regarding whether amounts being shipped in are excessive.

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Letter from Deputy Sheriff E. M. Prentiss to Attorney General Langer Requesting Information on Limitations on the Shipping In of Alcohol, May 14, 1917

Letter From Deputy Sheriff E. M. Prentiss To Attorney General Langer Requesting Information On Limitations On The Shipping In Of Alcohol, May 14, 1917, E. M. Prentiss

William Langer Papers

Letter dated May 14, 1917 from Deputy Sheriff E. M. Prentiss of Robinson, ND to Attorney General William Langer asking for clarification on how much liquor may be "shipped in," explaining that "mr Eastwold is not defferent in his instructions to me and him self and mr Price do not agree on the matter so it leaves me in a hard posison to know what to do...." He adds that "if there is any way I can stop the aughtful a mount being shipped in here I want to do it."

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Letter from Attorney General Langer to Deputy …

Letter From Foster County Sheriff Theron Cole To Attorney General Langer Raising Concern Over State's Attorney's Handling Of A Case Involving A Poor Girl, March 18, 1917, Theron Cole

William Langer Papers

In this letter, dated March 18, 1917, from Foster County Sheriff Theron Cole to North Dakota Attorney General William Langer, Cole expresses his concern over the handling of a case involving a "poor girl" by the Foster county State's Attorney. Cole writes that the State's Attorney has advised him that he has settled the case by taking the normal sum of $200 from the defendant, without submitting the settlement to the county commissioners for approval or securing any bond. Cole adds that this is the way the majority of criminal cases are being handled and urges Langer to look into …

Letter From Attorney General Langer To J. P. French Asking French To Investigate Source Of Threatening Letters, 1917, William Langer

William Langer Papers

Letter, dated January 20, 1917, from Attorney General William Langer to J. P. French asking French to investigate Isaac Vennevick of Bismarck, who has been sending threatening letters to Langer and other officials. In the latest letter, Vennevick has threatened to shoot to kill and to burn down the Grand Pacific Hotel. Langer asks French to investigate throroughly and make a report.

File Of Correspondence About The Oscar Lindstrom Case From 1917 And 1918, Multiple

William Langer Papers

This file contains a series of exchanges between Norwegian Salvation Army officials and North Dakota officials regarding the whereabouts of North Dakota State Senator Oscar Lindstrom, 1916 to 1917. The correspondence is primarily focused on getting in touch with Lindstrom who, according to the letters, has not responded to his wife's letters since she went to visit her parents in Norway in 1914. The letters state that Lindstrom was to send funds to his wife for her voyage back to North Dakota that year, but never did. Towards the end of the correspondence, former North Dakota Governor Louis Benjamin Hanna …

An Act To Authorize The Survey And Allotment Of Lands Embraced Within The Limits Of The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, In The State Of North Dakota, And The Sale And Disposition Of A Portion Of The Surplus Lands After Allotment, And Making Appropriations And Provisions To Carry The Same Into Effect, United States Congress

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This United States (US) public law, passed on June 1, 1910, allowed the US Secretary of the Interior to survey and sell or dispose of the “surplus” unallotted land east and north of the Missouri River on the Fort Berthold Reservation. This public law later caused confused as to whether the northeast quadrant of the Fort Berthold Reservation was still part of the reservation. The 1972 case “The City of New Town, North Dakota v. US” clarified that the northeast quadrant remains part of the reservation. The 1992 and 1994 cases “Duncan Energy v. Three Affiliated Tribes” both affirmed this …

An Act To Authorize The Survey And Allotment Of Lands Embraced Within The Limits Of The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, In The State Of North Dakota, And The Sale And Disposition Of A Portion Of The Surplus Lands After Allotment, And Making Appropriation And Provision To Carry The Same Into Effect, United States Congress

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This Act, dated June 1, 1910, also known as United States (US) Public law 61-197, authorizes and directs the US Secretary of the Interior to cause to be surveyed, and to sell and dispose of all the "surplus" unallotted and unreserved lands within the portion of the Forth Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota lying east and north of the Missouri River.

Numerous provisions included in the Act cover such topics as the reserving of lands on which coal or other minerals have been discovered, the allowing of tribal members to relinquish allotments in the area described and select allotments …

Treaty With The Arikara Tribe (Ricara), 1825, Charles J. Kappler, Henry Atkinson, Benjamin O'Fallon

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of Ratified Indian Treaty 133: Arikara (Ricara), titled the Treaty with the Arikara (Ricara) Tribe, 1825 was transcribed and published in vol. II of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Signed on July 18, 1825, this treaty was the first major treaty between the US Government and representatives of the Arikara Nation. Also known as the Atkinson and O'Fallon Trade and Intercourse Treaty of 1825, this document was part of a series of friendship treaties between Henry Atkinson and Benjamin O’Fallon’s Indian Peace Commission and the Indigenous Nations beyond the Mississippi River. In this treaty, …

Proclamation 305—Fort Berthold Reservation In The State Of North Dakota, Charles J. Kappler, Benjamin Harrison

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of President Benjamin Harrison’s 1891 proclamation was transcribed and published in vol. I of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Originally signed on May 20, 1891, this proclamation announced that the “Law of 1891,” passed by US Congress on March 3, 1891, was accepted, ratified, and confirmed.

Treaty Of Fort Laramie With Sioux, Etc., 1851 (Kappler), Charles J. Kappler, David D. Mitchell, Thomas Fitzpatrick

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of the Treaty of Fort Laramie with the Sioux, Etc., 1851—also known as the Horse Creek Treaty—was transcribed and published in vol. II of Charles Kappler's Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Originally signed on September 17, 1851, this treaty between the US Government and representatives from the Lakota, Cheyenne, Arapahoe, Crow, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations, recognized and defined the boundaries between the Indigenous tribes of the Northern Great Plains. Equally, it sought to establish an effective and lasting peace between the signers by agreeing to a series of concessions. In return for recognizing their …

An Act To Provide For The Allotment Of Lands In Severalty To Indians On The Various Reservations (Kappler) (Kappler), Charles J. Kappler, Henry L. Dawes

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 transcription of “An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations," also knows the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Act of 1887 was printed in vol. I of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Originally passed on February 8, 1887, this act authorized the US government to break up reservations and tribal lands, previously held in common, into individual plots. Aimed at assimilating Indigenous people into white society, this act promoted agriculture and grazing by allotting tribal members or families who registered a portion of reservation land …

Law Of 1891 (Kappler), Charles J. Kappler

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of the Law of 1891 was published in vol. I of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Passed by Congress on March 3, 1891, this law reduced the size of the Fort Berthold Reservation and provided for individual land allotments, in which the government would hold the title for twenty-five years. In addition, this law permitted the US government to open the lands acquired to settlement under the provisions of the homestead laws.

An Act Granting To The Saint Paul, Minneapolis And Manitoba Railway Company The Right Of Way Through Indian Reservations In Northern Montana And Northwestern Dakota, Charles J. Kappler

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint was transcribed and published in vol. I of Charles Kappler’ Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Approved on February 15, 1887, this act granted the Saint Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railway Company the right of way to build its railroad through the Fort Berthold and Blackfeet Indian Reservations.

President Hayes's Executive Order, 1880 (Kappler), Charles J. Kappler, Rutherford B. Hayes

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of President Rutherford B. Hayes’s 1880 Executive Order was transcribed and published in vol. I of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Originally issued on July 13, 1880, President Hayes’s Executive Order significantly reduced the size of the Fort Berthold Reservation. Created at the behest of the Northern Pacific Railroad, this executive order resulted in a considerable loss of Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara homelands, hunting grounds, and sacred sites.

President Harrison's Executive Order, 1892 (Kappler), Charles J. Kappler, Benjamin Harrison

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of President Benjamin Harrison’s 1892 Executive Order was transcribed and published in vol. I of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Signed on June 17, 1892, this executive order increased the size of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation by withdrawing a portion of Township 147 from sale or settlement.

Executive Order Of 1870 (Kappler), Charles J. Kappler, Ulysses S. Grant, Samuel A. Wainwright, Ely S. Parker, Jacob D. Cox

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of President Ulysses S. Grant’s 1870 Executive Order was transcribed and published in vol. I of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. In addition to Grant’s executive order setting apart a reservation for the Arikara, Gros Ventre (Hidatsa), and Mandan, this document includes Captain Wainwright’s Proposal recommending a reservation for the three tribes, E.S. Parker’s Response, and J.D. Cox’s forward to the president.

Treaty Of Fort Laramie, 1868 (Kappler), Charles J. Kappler, Nathaniel G. Taylor, William T. Sherman, William S. Harney, John B. Sanborn, Samuel F. Tappen, Christopher C. Augur, Alfred H. Terry, John B. Henderson, Andrew Johnson

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of the Sioux Treaty of 1868, also known as the Treaty of Fort Laramie, 1868, was transcribed and published in vol. II of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. This treaty, between the United States government and the Sioux and Arapaho Nations, established the Great Sioux Reservation, promised the Sioux would own the Black Hills in perpetuity, and set aside the country north of the North Platte River and east of the summits of the Big Horn Mountains as unceded Indian territory. Furthermore, the U.S. government pledged to close the Bozeman Trail forts and provide …

Agreement At Fort Berthold, 1866 And Addenda., Charles J. Kappler, Newton Edmunds, Samuel R. Curtis, Orrin Guernsey, Henry W. Reed

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This 1904 reprint of the unratified treaty with the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa, was reprinted as the Agreement at Fort Berthold, 1866, in vol. II of Charles Kappler’s Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Originally signed on July 27, 1866, at Fort Berthold, Dakota Territory, this treaty and its Addenda were a set of agreements between the US government and representatives of the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa Nations. In this document, the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa agreed to cede a portion of their land on the east bank of the Missouri River and granted a right-of-way for roads through their …

Lone Wolf V. Hitchcock, United States Supreme Court

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This United States (US) Supreme Court case, argued on October 23, 1902 and decided on January 5, 1903, held that the US Congress does have the right to pass legislation that changes the terms of tribal treaties without the necessary consent of the tribes with whom the treaties were made. The petitioner in this case, Lone Wolf (representing members of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache tribes) appealed a decision from the court of appeals from the District of Columbia. The petitioner claimed that the Medicine Lodge treaty of 1867 with the Kiowa and Comanche tribes was violated when Congress passed …

Cherokee Nation V. Hitchcock, United States Supreme Court

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This United States (US) Supreme Court case, submitted October 23, 1902 and decided December 1, 1902, held that the US Congress has the right to pass legislation that controls the actions and/or property of tribes in the United States without tribal consent. This case began when the Cherokee Nation attempted to stop the Secretary of the Interior from leasing their land for oil extraction. The Cherokee Nation asserted that an 1835 treaty granted them the right to their lands and to self-government. In their decision on this appeal, the Court asserts that the June 28, 1898 act of the US …

An Act Making Appropriations For The Current And Contingent Expenses Of The Indian Department And For Fulfilling Treaty Stipulations With Various Indian Tribes For The Fiscal Year Ending June Thirteenth, Nineteen Hundred And Two, And For Other Purposes., United States Congress

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This United States (US) public law, noted as “Chap. 832” dated March 3, 1901, details the appropriations that will be made to various tribes for the fiscal year ending June 1902. This funding breakdown includes payments made to the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara tribes residing at the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota. Appropriations in this law are noted as supporting treaty stipulations, schools, and a variety of miscellaneous expenses including construction, provisions, and the management of small pox.

Board Of Regents Minutes, Volume Iii, Board Of Regents

UND Publications

This is the third volume of the Board of Regents minutes.These documents detail the meetings, votes, expenses, and by-laws concerning the founding of UND. They also contain valuable information regarding urban planning, educational policy, labor relations, as well as the history of the Dakota Territory and Grand Forks.

An Act To Provide For The Allotment Of Lands In Severalty To Indians On The Various Reservations (General Allotment Act Or Dawes Act), Henry L. Dawes

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This Act, passed on February 8, 1887, authorized the US government to break up reservations and tribal lands, previously held in common, into individual plots. Aimed at assimilating Indigenous people into white society, this act promoted agriculture and grazing by allotting tribal members or families who registered a portion of reservation land outlined in the document. Furthermore, this document granted American citizenship to those who accepted the division of tribal lands.

Board Of Regents Minutes, Volume Ii, Board Of Regents

UND Publications

This is the second volume of the Board of Regents minutes. These documents detail the meetings, votes, expenses, and by-laws concerning the founding of UND. They also contain valuable information regarding urban planning, educational policy, labor relations, as well as the history of the Dakota Territory and Grand Forks.

Board Of Regents Minutes, Volume I, Board Of Regents

UND Publications

This is the first volume of the Board of Regents minutes. These documents detail the meetings, votes, expenses, and by-laws concerning the founding of UND. They also contain valuable information regarding urban planning, educational policy, labor relations, as well as the history of the Dakota Territory and Grand Forks.

Rules Governing The Court Of Indian Offenses, Hiram Price

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This transcribed document, dated March 30, 1883, contains a letter from Henry M. Teller of the United States (US) Department of the Interior to Hiram Price of the US Office of Indian Affairs outlining perceived problems among Indigenous tribes in the US. This letter is followed by a set of rules written in response to the expressed concerns. These rules are commonly referred to as The Code of Indian Offenses. Teller expressed concern about religious practices among Indigenous tribes, including sacred dances and the leadership of medicine men. He was also concerned about plural marriage and practices surrounding property …

President Hayes's Executive Order, 1880, Rutherford B. Hayes

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This Executive Order, issued by President Rutherford B. Hayes on July 13, 1880, significantly reduced the size of the Fort Berthold Reservation. Created at the behest of the Northern Pacific Railroad, this executive order resulted in a critical loss of Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara homelands, hunting grounds, and sacred sites.