Digital Commons Network^™

Triboelectric Nanogenerator Versus Piezoelectric Generator At Low Frequency (<4 Hz): A Quantitative Comparison, Abdelsalam Ahmed, Islam Hassan, Ahmed Helal, Vitor Sencadas, Ali Radhi, Chang Jeong, Maher El-Kady

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© 2020 The Author(s) Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and piezoelectric generators (PGs) are generally considered the two most common approaches for harvesting ambient mechanical energy that is ubiquitous in our everyday life. The main difference between the two generators lies in their respective working frequency range. Despite the remarkable progress, there has been no quantitative studies on the operating frequency band of the two generators at frequency values below 4 Hz, typical of human motion. Here, the two generators are systematically compared based on their energy harvesting capabilities below 4 Hz. Unlike PGs, the TENG demonstrates higher power performance and is …

A Multi-Center Comparison Of Vo2peak Trainability Between Interval Training And Moderate Intensity Continuous Training, Camilla Williams, Brendon Gurd, Jacob Bonafiglia, Sarah Voisin, Zhixiu Li, Nicholas Harvey, Ilaria Croci, Jenna Taylor, Trishan Gajanand, Joyce Ramos, Robert G. Fassett, Jonathan P. Little, Monique E. Francois, Christopher Hearon Jr, Satyam Sarma, Sylvan Janssen, Emeline Van Craenenbroeck, Paul Beckers, Veronique Cornelissen, Nele Pattyn, Erin Howden, Shelley Keating, Anja Bye, Dorthe Stensvold, Ulrik Wisloff, Ioannis Papadimitriou, Xu Yan, David J. Bishop, Nir Eynon, Jeff S. Coombes

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

There is heterogeneity in the observed VO_2peak response to similar exercise training, and different exercise approaches produce variable degrees of exercise response (trainability). The aim of this study was to combine data from different laboratories to compare VO_2peak trainability between various volumes of interval training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT). For interval training, volumes were classified by the duration of total interval time. High-volume High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) included studies that had participants complete more than 15 min of high intensity efforts per session. Low-volume HIIT/Sprint Interval Training (SIT) included studies using less than 15 min …

Comparison Of Gmaw And Saw For Ngw Of 50 Mm Q&T Steel Plate, Druce Patrick Dunne, Willy Pang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A one-pass-per-layer technique was used for narrow gap welding (NGW) of 50 mm thick plate of quenched and tempered steel with 690 MPa minimum yield strength. GMAW and SAW were investigated for pulsed and non-pulsed welding using the same 1.2 mm strength-matching welding consumable and the same nominal heat inputs for each of the pulsed and non-pulsed welds. The welds were defect-free and the hardness, tensile strength and Charpy impact energies were generally consistent with high weldment integrity. Pulsing of the welding current had the effect of slightly increasing side-wall fusion, flattening the weld bead and decreasing its volume. The …

Comparison Of Four Dimensional Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Abdominal Radiotherapy Planning, A Oar, Gary P. Liney, Robba Rai, Shrikant Deshpande, Li Pan, Meredith Johnston, Michael G. Jameson, Shivani Kumar, Mark T. Lee

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Background and Purpose: Four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) is widely used in radiotherapy (RT) planning and remains the current standard for motion evaluation. We assess a 4D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence in terms of motion and image quality in a phantom, healthy volunteers and patients undergoing RT. Materials and Methods: The 4D-MRI sequence is a prototype T1-weighted 3D gradient echo with radial acquisition with self-gating. The accuracy of the 4D-MRI respiratory sorting based method was assessed using a MRICT compatible respiratory simulation phantom. In volunteers, abdominal viscera were evaluated for artefact, noise, structure delineation and overall image quality using …

Impact Of Southeast Asian Smoke On Aerosol Properties In Southwest China: First Comparison Of Model Simulations With Satellite And Ground Observations, Jun Zhu, Xiangao Xia, Jun Wang, Jinqiang Zhang, Christine Wiedinmyer, Jenny A. Fisher, Christoph A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Smoke aerosols have been observed in Southwest China as a result of long-range transport from surrounding areas in March and April. The processes driving this transport and the resultant impact on regional aerosol optical properties are studied here through a combined use of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemistry transport model in conjunction with satellite and the first-ever ground-based observations in the Southwest China. The potential biomass burning source regions as well as their respective contributions to aerosol loading in Southwest China are quantified. Compared to Sun photometer observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550nm at eight stations …

A Comparison Study For Supervised Machine Learning Models In Cancer Classification, Huaming Chen, Hong Zhao, Lei Wang, Jiangning Song, Jun Shen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

No abstract provided.

Efficiency Of Respirator Filter Media Against Diesel Particulate Matter: A Comparison Study Using Two Diesel Particulate Sources, Kerrie Burton, Jane L. Whitelaw, Alison L. Jones, Brian Davies

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Diesel engines have been a mainstay within many industries since the early 1900s. Exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a major issue in many industrial workplaces given the potential for serious health impacts to exposed workers; including the potential for lung cancer and adverse irritant and cardiovascular effects. Personal respiratory protective devices are an accepted safety measure to mitigate worker exposure against the potentially damaging health impacts of DPM. To be protective, they need to act as effective filters against carbon and other particulates. In Australia, the filtering efficiency of respiratory protective devices is determined by challenging test filter …

Comparison Of Resting Energy Expenditure Between Cancer Subjects And Healthy Controls: A Meta-Analysis, Thi Yen Vi Nguyen, Marijka Batterham, Cheree Edwards

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

There is conflicting evidence surrounding the extent of changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to establish the mean difference in REE, as kilojoules per kilogram fat-free mass, among cancer patients when compared to healthy control subjects. The secondary aim was to determine differences among different cancer types. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and ProQuest Central were searched from the earliest records until March 2014. Studies were included if measured REE was reported as kilojoules or kilocalories per kilogram fat-free mass (FFM) in adult subjects with cancer. Twenty-seven …

Comparison Of Rheological Behaviors With Fumed Silica-Based Shear Thickening Fluids, Alain David Moriana, Tongfei Tian, Vitor Sencadas, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Shear thickening fluids (STFs) of differing compositions were fabricated and characterised in order to observe the effect of varying chemical and material properties on the resultant rheological behavior. Steady shear tests showed that for a given carrier fluid and particle size exists an optimum weight fraction which exhibits optimal shear thickening performance. Testing also showed that increasing particle size resulted in increased shear thickening performance and its onset whilst altering the carrier fluid chemistry has a significant effect on the thickening performance. An explanation is provided connecting the effect of varying particle size, carrier fluid chemistry and weight fraction to …

Waste Activated Sludge Hydrolysis And Acidification: A Comparison Between Sodium Hydroxide And Steel Slag Addition, Ying Zhang, Chaojie Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Leiyu Feng, Yongmei Li, Qi Zhou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Alkaline treatment with steel slag and NaOH addition were investigated under different pH conditions for the fermentation of waste activated sludge. Better performance was achieved in steel slag addition scenarios for both sludge hydrolysis and acidification. More solubilization of organic matters and much production of higher VFA (volatile fatty acid) in a shorter time can be achieved at pH. 10 when adjusted by steel slag. Higher enzyme activities were also observed in steel slag addition scenarios under the same pH conditions. Phosphorus concentration in the supernatant increased with fermentation time and pH in NaOH addition scenarios, while in contrast most …

Evaluation And Comparison Of Job Stress Among Security Workers With Fixed And Shift Work Schedules In Municipality Of Tehran, A Chaichi, Shahnaz Bakand, R Yarahmadi

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Municipality of Tehran with huge number of employees and with the aim to reduce stress and promote the work efficiency, seriously wants to achieve suitable and utilizable studies. Osipow's job stress test is one of the best tools to reach this aim. Data population includes securities building of municipality of Tehran (88 persons from region 18 and 72 persons from region 20), who were randomly chosen to be participated in the current survey. For this purpose three types of working hours schedule such as full time shift ( 24 hrs work, 24 hrs rest ), day-shift and night-shift workers, were …

The Impact Of Sustainability Exploration And Sustainability Exploitation Practices On The Organisational Performance: A Cross-Country Comparison, Matjaz Maletic, Damjan Maletic, Bostjan Gomiscek

University of Wollongong in Dubai - Papers

Corporate sustainability challenges organisations with tensions between complex economic, environmental, and social issues. We draw on concepts in the innovation literature-namely exploration and exploitation-to examine corporate sustainability practices as well as the ensuing tensions between efficiency and innovativeness in achieving organisational performance. In particular, this paper draws upon institutional theory to enhance the understanding of sustainability-related phenomena, mainly from a perspective that has not yet been widely investigated in prior empirical studies. Therefore, the paper addresses the research question of whether sustainability exploitation and sustainability exploration practices are characterized by an organisation's country of origin. The target respondents of a …

A Comparison Of Chinese And Australian University Students' Attitudes Towards Plagiarism, John Ehrich, Steven J. Howard, Congjun Mu, Sahar Bokosmaty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Student plagiarism is a growing problem within Australian universities and abroad. Potentially exacerbating this situation, research indicates that students' attitudes toward plagiarism are typically more permissive and lenient than the policies of their tertiary institutions. There has been suggestion that this is especially so in Asian countries relative to Western countries; however, very little research has sought to empirically validate this suggestion. Moreover, existing research in this area has typically compared international and domestic students studying in Western countries. As yet, no studies have directly compared Chinese and Australian university students' attitudes toward plagiarism, as they exist within their native …

Comparison And Experiment Of Pressure Drop Of Radial And Annular Type Magnetorheological Valves, Guoliang Hu, Haiyan Li, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The magnetorheological (MR) valve is a smart control mechanism using the magnetorheologcial fluid as the working fluid. The advantages of regulating pressure drop and fast response time make the valve have a promising application prospects in the hydraulic servo system, and the MR valve can also be used as a bypass valve to control the MR damper, which can be applied to the different types of vibration attenuating system. The change of pressure drop of MR valve considering radial and annular fluid flow paths was outlined through theory analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification. The magnetized resistance gaps of both …

Characteristics And Cadmium Extraction Performance Of Pvc/Aliquat 336 Electrospun Fibres In Comparison With Polymer Inclusion Membranes, Nurul Syazana Binti Abdul Halim, Philip G. Whitten, Long D. Nghiem

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Electrospun fibres and polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) were prepared from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Aliquat 336. Morphological and thermomechanical properties of the electrospun mats differed notably from those of PIMs. The plasticizing effect of Aliquat 336 on electrospun PVC/Aliquat 336 fibres was confirmed by the shifting of the glass transition temperature (Tg). By contrast, Aliquat 336 did not act as a plasticizer in PIMs as Tg was independent of Aliquat 336 concentration. Cadmium extraction to electrospun fibres could occur at a lower Aliquat 336 content (i.e. 6 wt.%) compared with PIMs. At 40 wt.% Aliquat 336 content, both PIMs and …

A Comparison Of Chemical And Electrochemical Synthesis Of Pedot: Dextran Sulphate For Bio-Application, Leo Stevens, David G. Harman, Kerry J. Gilmore, Marc In Het Panhuis, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is an organic conducting polymer that has been the focus of significant research over the last decade, in both energy and biological applications. Most commonly, PEDOT is doped by the artificial polymer polystyrene sulfonate due to the excellent electrical characteristics yielded by this pairing. The biopolymer dextran sulphate (DS) has been recently reported as a promising alternative to PEDOT: PSS for biological application, having electrical properties rivaling PEDOT: PSS, complimented by the potential bioactivity of the polysaccharide. In this work we compared chemical and electrochemical polymerisations of PEDOT: DS in terms of their impact on the electrical, morphological …

Secondary Ionisations In A Wall-Less Ion-Counting Nanodosimeter: Quantitative Analysis And The Effect On The Comparison Of Measured And Simulated Track Structure Parameters In Nanometric Volumes, Gerhard Hilgers, Marion Bug, E Gargioni, Hans Rabus

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The object of investigation in nanodosimetry is the physical characteristics of the microscopic structure of ionising particle tracks, i.e. the sequence of the interaction types and interaction sites of a primary particle and all its secondaries, which reflects the stochastic nature of the radiation interaction. In view of the upcoming radiation therapy with protons and carbon ions, the ionisation structure of the ion track is of particular interest. Owing to limitations in current detector technology, the only way to determine the ionisation cluster size distribution in a DNA segment is to simulate the particle track structure in condensed matter. This …

Comparison Of Oncentra ® Brachy Ipsa And Graphical Optimisation Techniques: A Case Study Of Hdr Brachytherapy Head And Neck And Prostate Plans, Michael Jameson, Lucy Ohanessian, Vikneswary Batumalai, Virendra Patel, Lois C. Holloway

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

There are a number of different dwell positions and time optimisation options available in the Oncentra^® Brachy (Elekta Brachytherapy Solutions, Veenendaal, The Netherlands) brachytherapy treatment planning system. The purpose of this case study was to compare graphical (GRO) and inverse planning by simulated annealing (IPSA) optimisation techniques for interstitial head and neck (HN) and prostate plans considering dosimetry, modelled radiobiology outcome and planning time. Four retrospective brachytherapy patients were chosen for this study, two recurrent HN and two prostatic boosts. Manual GRO and IPSA plans were generated for each patient. Plans were compared using dose-volume histograms (DVH) and dose …

Comparison Of Rehabilitation Outcomes For Long Term Neurological Conditions: A Cohort Analysis Of The Australian Rehabilitation Outcomes Centre Dataset For Adults Of Working Age, Lynne Turner-Stokes, Roxana Vanderstay, Tara L. Stevermuer, Frances D. Simmonds, Fary Khan, Kathy Eagar

Australian Health Services Research Institute

Objective

To describe and compare outcomes from in-patient rehabilitation (IPR) in working-aged adults across different groups of long-term neurological conditions, as defined by the UK National Service Framework.

Design

Analysis of a large Australian prospectively collected dataset for completed IPR episodes (n = 28,596) from 2003-2012.

Methods

De-identified data for adults (16–65 years) with specified neurological impairment codes were extracted, cleaned and divided into ‘Sudden-onset’ conditions: (Stroke (n = 12527), brain injury (n = 7565), spinal cord injury (SCI) (n = 3753), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (n = 805)) and ‘Progressive/stable’ conditions (Progressive (n = 3750) and Cerebral palsy (n = …

A Comparison Of Group-Based Research Methods, Melanie Randle, Hugh Mackay, Dorothy Dudley

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

In the modern era, group-based methods have come to largely dominate qualitative research, particularly in the commercial arena of market research. The most commonly used method is the "focus group" technique, which involves a group of strangers being directed to discuss a pre-determined set of topics. In reality, in many parts of the world, including Australia where this study was conducted, focus groups are often employed as the default technique without systematically questioning the appropriateness of methodological characteristics or the impact they have on the resultant data. This empirical study compares two different group-based methods - the "focus group" approach …

Macintyrean Virtue Ethics In Business: A Cross-Cultural Comparison, Mario Fernando, Geoff Moore

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

This paper seeks to establish whether the categories of MacIntyrean virtue ethics as applied to business organizations are meaningful in a non-western business context. It does so by building on research reported in Moore (Organ Stud, 33(3): 363-387, 2012) in which the application of virtue ethics to business organizations was investigated empirically in the UK, based on a conceptual framework drawn from MacIntyre's work (After Virtue 2007). Comparing these results with an equivalent study in Sri Lanka, the paper finds that the categories are meaningful but that there are both similarities to and considerable differences in the content of these …

Comparison Of Real-Time Elastography And Multiparametric Mri For Prostate Cancer Detection: A Whole-Mount Step-Section Analysis, Daniel Junker, Georg Schafer, Conrad Kobel, Christian Kremser, Jasmin Bektic, Werner Jaschke, Friedrich Aigner

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare prostate cancer detection rate of real-time elastography (RTE) with that of multiparametric MRI to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Thirty-nine patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent both RTE and multiparametric MRI to localize prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. RTE was performed to assess prostate tissue elasticity, and hard lesions were considered suspicious for prostate cancer. Multiparametric MRI included T2-weighted MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), and contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) with an endorectal coil at 1.5 T. After radical prostatectomy, whole-mount step sections of the prostate were …

A Cross-National Comparison Of School Students' Perceptions Regarding High Performing Peers, Hyerim Oh, Margaret Sutherland, Niamh Stack, Maria Del Mar Badia Martín, Sheyla Blumen, Anh-Thu Nguyen Quoc, Catherine M. Wormald, Julie Maakrun, Barbara Baier, Martha Schmidt, Albert Ziegler

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This cross-national scenario based study examined fourth-grade students' perceptions of high-performing classmates in terms of their expected intellectual abilities, positive social qualities and popularity among their peers across seven countries. The overall results show that high academic achievements predominantly lead to positive expectations within the peer group. However, pronounced differences were found between the countries. The results indicated that students from Spanish-speaking countries viewed their potential high-performing peers most favorably, followed by students from Australia, the United Kingdom and Germany. The least favorable expectations, but by no means negative attitude, were exhibited by students from the two East-Asian countries Korea …

Erps In Long And Short Isi Dishabituation Tasks: A Comparison Using Pca, Genevieve Z. Steiner, Robert Barry, Frances M. De Blasio

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 17th World Congress of Psychophysiology (IOP2014) of the International Organization of Psychophysiology (IOP) Hiroshima, Japan, September 23rd to 27th, 2014

Comparison Of The Abiotic Preferences Of Macroinvertebrates In Tropical River Basins, Gert Everaert, Jan De Neve, Pieter Boets, Luis Dominguez-Granda, Seid Tiku Mereta, Argaw Ambelu, Thu Huong Hoang, Peter L. M Goethals, Olivier Thas

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We assessed and compared abiotic preferences of aquatic macroinvertebrates in three river basins located in Ecuador, Ethiopia and Vietnam. Upon using logistic regression models we analyzed the relationship between the probability of occurrence of five macroinvertebrate families, ranging from pollution tolerant to pollution sensitive, (Chironomidae, Baetidae, Hydroptilidae, Libellulidae and Leptophlebiidae) and physical-chemical water quality conditions. Within the investigated physical-chemical ranges, nine out of twenty-five interaction effects were significant. Our analyses suggested river basin dependent associations between the macroinvertebrate families and the corresponding physical-chemical conditions. It was found that pollution tolerant families showed no clear abiotic preference and occurred at most …

Nanofiltration Of Trace Organic Chemicals: A Comparison Between Ceramic And Polymeric Membrane, Takahiro Fujioka, Stuart Khan, James Mcdonald, Long D. Nghiem

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The rejection of 41 trace organic chemicals (TrOCs) by a ceramic nanofiltration (NF) membrane was examined and compared with that by two polyamide-based NF membranes - namely NF90 and NF270. Rejection behaviours of TrOCs by the ceramic and polymeric NF membranes were mostly similar but there were several notable differences. The rejection of neutral TrOCs by the ceramic and polymeric NF membranes increased in the order of increasing molecular size (e.g. minimum projection area), indicating that size exclusion is the dominant mechanism governing rejection. However, in contrast to the polymeric NF membranes, where hydrophobic interaction between membrane and TrOCs influenced …

A Comparison Of Coordinate Systems For Use In Determining A Radiotherapy Delineation Margin For Whole Breast, Elise Pogson, Lauren Bell, Vikneswary Batumalai, Eng-Siew Koh, Geoff Delaney, Peter E. Metcalfe, Lois Holloway

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Cartesian co-ordinates, traditionally used for radiotherapy margins, calculated at 6 points, may not adequately represent changes in inter-observer contour variation as necessary to define a delineation margin. As a first step, this study compared the standard deviation (SD) in contour delineation using Polar and Cartesian co-ordinates for whole breast. Whole breast Clinical Target Volumes (CTV) were delineated by eight observers for 9 patients. The SD of contour position was determined for Polar co-ordinates at 1 degree increments for 5 slices and averaged across all patients. The mean centre of mass (COM) was used as the origin for the right breast, …

Patterns And Performance Benefits Of Sustainability Practices: A Cross-Country Comparison, Matjaz Maletic, Damjan Maletic, Jens Dahlgaard, Su Mi Dahlgaard-Park, Bostjan Gomiscek

University of Wollongong in Dubai - Papers

This paper aims to explore the relationship between sustainability practices and organizational performance. In particular, this paper draws upon institutional theory whit the aim to enhance the understanding of sustainability-related phenomena, mainly from the perspective which has not yet been widely investigated in prior empirical studies. Therefore, the paper addresses the research question whether sustainability practices as conceptualized within the framework of exploitation and exploration notions are characterized by organization's country of origin. The target respondents of a large scale web-based survey were manufacturing and service industries distributed across five countries: Germany, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia and Spain. Multiple regression with …

Eliciting Mental Models: A Comparison Of Interview Procedures In The Context Of Natural Resource Management, Natalie A. Jones, Helen Ross, Timothy Lynam, Pascal Perez

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

The sustainable management of natural resources largely depends on people's conceptions of environmental systems and how they function. The mental model construct provides an appropriate means to explore the cognitive dimension of people's interactions with such systems. Mental models are cognitive representations of external reality that people use as the basis for acting with and within the world around them. We aimed to improve the application of the mental model construct to the field of natural resource management, with an emphasis on creek, i.e., stream, systems, by exploring how certain elicitation procedures may affect the mental models expressed. One of …

Statutory Civil Liabilities Of Corporate Gatekeepers For Defective Prospectuses In Australia, The United States, The United Kingdom And Canada: A Comparison, S M. Solaiman

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

Securities regulation is largely the regulation of information asymmetry in relation to the selling of financial assets described as securities. This selling requires information concerning issuers and their securities to be disclosed to the investing public. Securities regulation seeks to regulate this disclosure in order to ensure a level playing field between issuers and their potential investors. The House of Lords in Peek v Gurney held in 1873 that the objective of a prospectus was to enable investors to make an informed investment decision.' Most of the recent corporate failures in the United States between 2001 and 2002 such as …