Digital Commons Network^™

Postcard From The Jewish Ghetoo In Kassa (Kosice)

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Some handwriting in lines of postcard, ‘KASSA’ circular handstamp at top right; handwritten message fills the page.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

By the time this postcard was written, Kosice (Kassa) had been annexed to Hungary. Persecution of Jews commenced in earnest, and Jews lost their property and possessions, and ultimately their civil rights. When the Germans invaded Hungary in March 1944, Jews were massed in brickwork factories and in a ghetto. By May the deportations began with almost 16,000 Jews deported to concentration camps. By October the Arrow Cross established a reign of terror in Hungary.

Postcard From Zagreb To Berlin

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A tan postcard with red printed postcard lines and stamp. Includes a typewritten address, a blue postage stamp, as well as red, purple and green hand stamps.Back: Message written in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Postcard from a Mr. Dragutin Tomic of the Pharmacological Institute in Zagreb to a Ms. E. Punge in Berlin. Includes a red Nazi armed forces (Wehrmacht) cachet stamped on the front. Mr. Tomic signs, "Heil Hitler!"

Gestapo Files Of Insurance Rebates Of Deceased Jews

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Green paper with typewritten message. Red '6' written into the date on right side. Signature in bottom right.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A chilling set of three documents (2012.1.558, 2012.1.559, 2012.1.560) regarding the Nazi appropriation of insurance rebates or refunds from policies once owned by deceased Jews who perished within concentration camps. The first, 2pp. legal folio, Munich, Apr. 29, 1943, lists nine deceased Jews who were "deregistered," "expelled," "deceased" or otherwise no longer insured. The other two documents, 1p. 8vo. each, dated Munich, June 2 and 18, 1943, are regarding the list. Of course, Nazi decrees provided …

Postcard From Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Holocaust Survivor And Nazi Hunter

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Postcard with black printed text and address handwritten in blue ink. Opposite has message handwritten in blue ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

The controversial Mr. Wiesenthal, signing the postcard as “Engineer”, is apparently - at the time of writing - convalescing in the women’s hospital at Mauthausen. He arrived at Mauthausen in February 1945, after moving through a number of other camps (Gross-Rosen, Chemnitz, Buchenwald) as the war was ending. He survived at Mauthausen on starvation rations until the camp was liberated by Americans on May 5. He describes some of his experiences to Mr. Grossman.

Theresienstadt Package Receipt

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Small sheet titled "Einlieferungsschein -- Podací lístek" (deposit slip in German and Czech). Includes a table and two stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Slip acknowledging receipt of a package in Theresienstadt

[Related items: 2012.1.356a, 2012.1.356c, 2012.1.356d]

Military Orders From Theresienstadt

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Sheets with typewritten German text, titled, "Tagesbefehl Nr. 324."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Daily orders distributed through the concentration camp including information about new transports that arrived with new prisoners, electricity savings, camp behavior regulations, turning off the light, rising time; signed by Der Aeltestenrat.

Lifesaving Id Issued To Sephardi Jew Rachel Pinhas De Saltiel By Sebastian De Romero Radigales, Consul General Of Spain In Athens, Greece During German Occupation

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Identification sheet with printed text at top left “CONSULADO GENERAL DE ESPANA EN ATENAS”, top right includes adhered black and white photograph of female with purple handstamp covering lower corner, bottom left includes adhered stamps and handstamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Rachel Pinhas de Saltiel and her husband Mentech Saltiel y Saporta, both of Spanish descent, belonged to the ancient Sephardi community of diaspora Jews in Thessaloniki, Greece, whose origin could be traced to the Spanish Expulsion of 1492. Sebastian de Romero Radigales - Consul General of Spain in Athens - used his authority to try to protect …

Letter From Oscar Krebs Regarding Bernard Koch's Engagement To An Allegedly Jewish Woman

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Short, handwritten letter in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

An assemblage of three documents (2012.1.19-.21), the first sent from Karlsruhe by the General Prosecutor to Bernard Koch, whose son wishes to marry an aryan woman, Helga Krebs, whose name suggests that she might be Jewish. In part: "... Your son Justice Inspector Heinrich Koch, needs to attest that his bride and her parents have German blood and ancestry. He will have to bring in the marriage certificates of the bride's parents as well as a birth certificate for her grandmother (Maria Elisabetha Detsel). I will send back …

Censored Letter From Prisoner In Hertogenbosch Concentration Camp, Saartje Turksma-Cohen, To Dieren, Netherlands

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Letter includes “CONCENTRATIEKAMP ‘S HERTOGENBOSCH AUFFANGLAGER” printed in upper left corner, “K.L. ‘S HERTOGENBOSCH AUFFANGLAGER” printed and underlined at bottom of right side.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Three-page censored letter from Jewish prisoner Saartje Turksma-Cohen, from Doesburg, Netherlands. She was to be transported with her husband Mozes - four months after writing this letter - to Auschwitz, where she perished September 17, 1943 at the age of 45.

Hertogenbosch, also known as Vught, was a concentration camp located in Vught in the Netherlands. Vught and Natzweiler were the only two concentration camps run by the SS in Western …

Postcard To Man Interned At Ferramonti Di Tarsia Internment Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Orange 'Slovensko' and black 'Slovenska Posta' postage stamps in top right corner, blue stamp 'Lietadlom/Par Avion' stamp, typed text on left hand side. Back: Typed text filling up entirety of page.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Ferramonti was the largest internment camp established by Mussolini in 1940. Over 3,800 Jews were imprisoned there, most of whom were foreign-born. Prisoners were released six weeks after Mussolini's downfall in September 1943.

Postcard from Bratislava, Slovakia to Fridrich (Fritz) Kohn, a Jewish internee originally from Czechoslovakia, on the island of Rhodes in 1940 subsequent to the Pentcho debacle. As of this …

Gestapo Seizure Of Jewish Property In Austria Document Signed By Dr. Karl Ebner

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Signed and stamped document from the “Geheime Staatspolizei” with the serial code “0-5-4210 Q0547” in the bottom left corner.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Document from Gestapo main office in Vienna, May 5, 1943 sent by Dr. Karl Ebner who was head of the Gestapo in Vienna, to a Willy Dwroak, also in Vienna, regarding the seizure of the goods of a Jew named Theodor Israel Ehrenstein. The document states that according to the law of 18 November 1938, Mr. Ehrenstein’s estate has been confiscated or retained by the government. Ebner also reports that “Vugesta,” the Gestapo office for …

Censored Postcard Sent From Nitra, Slovakia, To Red Cross In Madrid, Spain

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with orange printed postcard lines. Includes typewritten address, as well as black, red and purple hand stamps, a blue sticker and markings in black pencil. Also has a brush of blue ink across the left side.Back: Typewritten message with two black hand stamps and various purple pencil markings.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

After the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia in 1939, Slovakia partnered with the Axis powers. The Jozef Tiso government was the first to consent to deportation of its Jews. Between March and October of 1942 almost 60,000 Jews were concentrated in labor and concentration camps. …

Envelope Addressed To Marshal Petain

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A tan envelope with writing in black ink. Includes a white and red sticker in the upper right corner, a green postage stamp and several black hand stamps.Back: Return address written in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Marshal Petain was Chief of State of Vichy, France from 1940-1944.

Gestapo Files Of Insurance Rebates Of Deceased Jews

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Top right has typewritten date and purple rectangular handstamp with date. Top left has stamped return address. Typewritten form with pencil markings for numbers, and red checks and texts. Includes lists of names, with addresses. Back: Black typewritten message in German. Second to last paragraph outlined with red. Signature in middle with purple hand stamp over it.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A chilling set of three documents (2012.1.558, 2012.1.559, 2012.1.560) regarding the Nazi appropriation of insurance rebates or refunds from policies once owned by deceased Jews who perished within concentration camps. The first, 2pp. legal folio, Munich, …

Postcard, "Le Chambon-Sur-Lignon -- Le Pic Du Lizieux Vu Des Barandons"

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Black and white photograph of a forest.Back: Message written in blue ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard to Lyon by resident of Chambon during the years Jewish children were kept safe from Nazis. On February 23, 1943, Pastors Trochmé and Theis, along with the headmaster of the local primary school, were arrested by French police and interned near Limoges. They were eventually released, but continued rescue operations until late in the year. On June 29, 1943, Nazis raided a local school and arrested eighteen students, five of whom were identified as Jews. They were sent to Auschwitz …

Letter From Dachau Prisoner

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan Dachau stationery. Includes printed text with letter-writing rules, as well as printed lines for the letter. The letter is written in green ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Letter on Dachau concentration camp stationery signed, "Your father Vlacek." This letter has markings showing censorship by the central mail office in Dachau and has a city postmark of April 14, 1943. As was typical, the inmate stationery bears printed warnings. It is stamped with a red German 12 pfennig stamp bearing the likeness of Nazi Führer Adolf Hitler -- the kind of stamp the rules allowed relatives to send …

Bermuda Conference Program

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Grey cover with black printed text in English.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Program for the Bermuda Refugee Conference concerning a proposal “For the Rescue of Jews;” see also the related letter (copy) from Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, co-chairman of the Joint Emergency Committee for European Jewish affairs, to Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles (2015.2.182). By the end of 1942 it was clear that the Nazis intended to liquidate European Jewry. Jewish groups in the United States and United Kingdom beseeched their governments to take defensive action. Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, president of both the American and the …

Bermuda Conference Letter From Rabbi Stephen S. Wise

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Three typed pages on American Jewish Congress Letterhead.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Letter (copy) from Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, co-chairman of the Joint Emergency Committee for European Jewish affairs, to Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles concerning the Program for the Rescue of Jews (see 2015.2.181). By the end of 1942 it was clear that the Nazis intended to liquidate European Jewry. Jewish groups in the United States and United Kingdom beseeched their governments to take defensive action. Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, president of both the American and the World Jewish Congresses, wanted to help ease the plight …

Simon Cossen Death Notice From Buchenwald

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Half-page document titled, "Bescheinigung." Includes writing in pencil on front and back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A statement that Simon Cossen had camp food from January 1, 1943 to April 1943, whence he died. Signed by the camp attorney with Buchenwald stamps at the bottom. Cossen is indeed noted to have perished on April 13, 1943 in the German State Archives.

Military Document Describing Cardinal Gerlier And Arrest Of Jews In Lyon, France By Klaus Barbie

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typewritten document with red "Confidenciel" stamp and yellow folder.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Here, Klaus Barbie reports that on February 9, 1943, the "Jewish Committee for Protection of Émigrés and Poor Jews" on 12 Saint Catherine Street in Lyon was closed temporarily. "According to news," he continues, “we have known for a long time that this Committee has been secretly engaged in helping Jews and others reach Switzerland and financing them. The financing comes mostly from the Quaker association." He states that "the famous Cardinal Gerlier of Lyon, has been protecting this association, along with the fugitive R.P. …

Ukrainian Ostarbeiter Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A Postkarte with text and lines printed in purple. Includes return and mailing addresses, several red hand stamps, and a purple postal stamp in the upper-right corner. The cachet in the lower-left corner reads: "Catch coal pilferage. He who robs power and coal cannot be tolerated." Back: Letter written in black ink on the entirety of the page.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Censored cover from a prisoner in the labor camp of Ammerfeld Bei Rain, Lech, Germany to the Ukraine. Worker is known as an “Ostarbeiter.” In a “Gemeinschaftslager” or Civil Work Camp. The cachet on the …

Arrest Warrant From Vilna Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan paper with typewritten words and blanks, filled in with blue pencil. Includes other writing in gray and purple pencil, and several purple hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

One of four arrest warrants bearing Vilna (Vilnius: Lithuanian) Ghetto handstamp in violet and red. Of the more than 60,000 Jews living in Vilnius before the German occupation, 21,000 were murdered over the course of the summer of 1941 by German troops, Einsatzgruppen A, and their Lithuanian collaborators. The effort was to establish a ghetto to imprison all Jews of Vilna and suburbs in the old Jewish quarter of …

Group Of Six Censored Letters To Wife At Ravensbrueck Concentration Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

2014.1.330a: Typewritten letter with crease in the middle. Date [12.1943] written in pencil in right corner.2014.1.330b: Typewritten letter with pencil writing above nearly all typed text. Purple stamp at bottom.2014.1.330c: Typewritten letter, date [4.1944] written in pencil in top right corner.2014.1.330d: Handwritten. Date [30.6.1944.2014.1.330e: Typewritten Red stamp with Hitler's profile facing right, and a stamp above it that says 7, 20 at bottom right.2014.1.330f: Typewritten, Date [1.10.1944] written in pencil in the righthand corner.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Group of six letters (one with stamp for use by the receiver) from a loving husband to his wife interned …

Kenyon Alumni Bulletin - April 1943

Kenyon College Alumni Bulletin

No abstract provided.

Envelope To Jewish Aid For Emigrants, Zurich, From Labor Camp In Liestal, Switzerland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamped and posted envelope. “Zürich” Stamp on back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

The Swiss government would attempt to limit the numbers of refugees seeking to enter neutral Switzerland fleeing Nazi persecution. Many would be placed in labor camps and would be required to work, perhaps an effort to appease Nazi Germany. Refugees themselves would try to arrange for release to other countries like Portugal or South America. This cover was mailed to the Materials Section of Jewish Aid for Emigrants in Zurich from the Workcamp for Emigrants in Liestal.

German Occupation Feldpost Cover Norway With 'Viktoria' Vignette

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Envelope: Green with black ink writing across front and on left side. Black circular hand stamp with Nazi eagle in upper right. Pencil writing beneath. Red V, Victoria pasted stamp between writing in middle and on left. Purple circular hand stamp on bottom left. Address written on flap. Pencil writing on middle left. Letter: Tan paper with message written in black ink. Signature written towards bottom on back of page. Blank space left on bottom.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: This cover and letter was sent in 1943 from Nazi occupied Norway.

Assembly And Muster Order Of Waffen Ss Guard At Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typewritten certificate titled, "Bereitftellungsfchein" with writing in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash

Assembly areas refer to gathering places generally, while muster points are evacuation points in the event of an emergency, i.e., safe areas to reach quickly during an emergency.

Rare Letter With Cover From Kl (Concentration Camp) Bad Tolz, Subcamp Of Dachau

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

a: Brown envelope with red postal stamp in top right corner with 65 written in pencil to its left.b: two column form letter. Front right column printed on left side is, “Konzentrationslager Dachau 3 K” and to the right of that is handwritten, “An Frau [Kuzmieokiewiez?] Natalia”

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:Bad Tolz was known as a Junkerschule or officer candidate school for training future Waffen-SS (Schutzstaffel). The cover contains the prisoner’s name, his birthdate, and prisoner number and address of Bad Tolz near Munich.

Samuel Del Campo, Chilean Diplomat In Bucharest, Romania Signed Consular Id Document For Polish Refugee

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Trifold identification document, ‘LEGACION DE CHILE EN RUMANIA’ on one side; reverse has black and white photo of S. Kaminski adhered at top of center along with fingerprint and hand stamp below, both in purple ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

ID issued by Chilean legation in Bucharest, Romania in 1943 and signed by Samuel Del Campo, Charge d’Affaires at the Chilean Representation in Bucharest. Special Polish Refugee ID signed by Kasmir Szymonowicz, head of the refugee department. Del Campo issued Chilean passports and IDs for Polish Jews. Approximately 1200 Jews were saved from deportation to Transnistria by issuing …

Special Wartime Commencement March 1943

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.