Digital Commons Network^™

Dr. Alois Geiger Sentenced To Death By Roland Freisler

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front:Tan page with large title printed in black and typewritten message. Includes brown tape, as well as markings in red and blue, and a purple signature on the bottom left.Interior: Typewritten pages taped in the middle.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Roland Freisler was a notorious Nazi lawyer and judge. He was State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice and President of the People's Court, which was set up outside constitutional authority. This court handled cases of political action against Hitler's regime by conducting a series of show trials. On September 8, 1943, Freisler sentenced Dr. Alois Geiger …

Buchenwald Concentration Camp Formular Letter From Prisoner Adolf Sildberger

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Two columned paper, front and back with blue handwriting on printed, dotted, red lines. On the front to the top left side of the right column is printed in red "Konzentrationslager Weimar-Buchenwald" to the right of this is handwritten in blue "5/IX.1943' on a printed, dotted, red line.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:Sildberger correspondence from Buchenwald has been included in Lordahl’s work on concentration camp mail. It appears that Mr. Sildberger, born in 1904, was a Czechoslovakian citizen from Pribyslavice who was rescued from Buchenwald at war’s end.

Postcard From Theodor Zirker In Westerbork Transit Camp To Dr. Lotte Hurwitz In Belgium

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Postcard dated 8/23/1943 with writing in green ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Mr. Zirker was born March 6, 1890 in Tirschtiegel, Poland. He was known as a manufacturer or merchant, with intentions to marry an office clerk, Clara van der Kaars. However, before the wedding could take place, Mr. Zirker was deported to Westerbork, and placed in Barak 41. Westerbork was initially a refugee camp established by the Dutch government for German and Austrian Jews fleeing Nazi persecution. However, German SS took control of the camp in 1943. This postcard to Dr. Hurwitz in Brussels was written 8-30-1943 …

Censored Cover From Gerardus Toen In Amsterdam To Dr. Arthur Wiederkehr, Mediator For Visas In Switzerland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Envelope with two green postage stamps marked “NEDERLAND” in upper right corner, addressed to “Herrn Rechtsanwalt Dr. ARTHUR WIEDERKEHR” printed in center, “Zürich” underlined.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Wiederkehr was a somewhat controversial figure, an attorney who was in a position to help Jews in distressed circumstances in Europe arrange for emigration to Switzerland. To some in the American legation in Switzerland, however, he was more than just a well-connected, virtuous benefactor helping Jews escape the clutches of the Nazis; rather, he was considered a mercenary, an opportunistic middleman between the Nazis and Jews, ensuring his cut of …

Internment Camp Ilag Vii-Laufen Postcard From Pow Robert Boxall To J.G. Hutt, St. Helier, Jersey, Channel Islands

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Document labelled “Interniertenpost Postkarte” at top, “KANAL INSELN” written in lower right corner, dated “1st Sept 43” on back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Ilag VII-Laufen internment camp, administered by the Wehrmacht, was in Bavaria near the Austrian border and was known to house more than 400 British men from the Channel Islands, as well as other British internees, along with some Americans. The author of this letter, one of the Channel Islanders from Jersey deported to Germany during the occupation, states to his friend in Jersey that he cannot report all the news he is asked to because …

Danish King Reported Prisoner In Own Castle

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A black and white photograph of a man in uniform with other soldiers behind him.Back: A pasted sheet of information from International News Photos.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Wire photo verso, International News, of “King Christian of Denmark...arrested and interned in his own castle...This followed a wave of strikes and general sabotage throughout the country. Reports also stated that a part of the Danish Navy had been scuttled...other Danish warships escaped...by fleeing to…Sweden." In just one month from this date, the Danish people would work to move its Jewish citizens out of the country to Sweden, and …

Letter On Dachau Inmate Stationery

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Letter written in black ink on lined Dachau stationery. Addressed to Maria Radzikowska from Richard Radzikowski.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Translation: Dearest Marynienke: I am dedicated this letter to your name day. It will no doubt get there too early but I want the letter to be there on the day. I wrote to you last year for your name day. I am not an optimist but am hopeful that my letter will reach you in time. I wish I could see your happy eyes and could kiss you. I am sorry to say that distance between us …

Lettersheet From Auschwitz-Buna To Danzig With Scarce Censor

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Letter with red postage stamp of Hitler in top right corner, titled "Konzentrationslager Auschwitz" in black ink in top left, two squares on back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

One of the three main camps of the Auschwitz system, to be distinguished from Auschwitz I (the main camp) and Auschwitz II (the extermination center), Buna (referred to variously as Auschwitz III, Buna or Monowitz-Buna) supplied slave labor for the I.G. Farben synthetic rubber complex as well as other German industrial giants, including those owned by Krupp and Siemens. Primo Levi’s Survival in Auschwitz details his experience here.

Double ring …

Technischer Uberwachungs-Verein Posen (Poznan Technical Surveillance Association) Document

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan document titled "Technischer Uberwachungs-Verein Posen" from Litzmannstadt.

Document Signed By Hans Biebow

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typed letter with signature and two rectangular purple hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Biebow (1902–1947) was chief of Nazi administration of the Lodz Ghetto in occupied Poland. Under his administration, the 164,000 Jews of Poland's second largest city were crammed into a small area of the city. Communication between the ghetto inhabitants and the outside world was completely cut off and the supply of food was severely limited, ensuring that many of the inhabitants of the ghetto would slowly starve. Over the course of its existence, the population of the ghetto swelled to 204,000 with more Jews …

Birth Certificate For Maria Elisabetha Detzel

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Document titled, "Geburtsurkunde" with typewritten information and blue signature.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

An assemblage of three documents (2012.1.19-.21), the first sent from Karlsruhe by the General Prosecutor to Bernard Koch, whose son wishes to marry an aryan woman, Helga Krebs, whose name suggests that she might be Jewish. In part: "... Your son Justice Inspector Heinrich Koch, needs to attest that his bride and her parents have German blood and ancestry. He will have to bring in the marriage certificates of the bride's parents as well as a birth certificate for her grandmother (Maria Elisabetha Detsel). I …

Lettercard From Concentration Camp Gross-Rosen To Radom

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front includes red postage stamp of Hitler in top right corner, swastika stamped in black ink in bottom left corner. Back includes "Konzentrationslager Gross-Rosen" in red print in top left corner.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Gross-Rosen was initially a satellite of Sachsenhausen, but eventually became its own system with almost 10 sub-camps located in Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. Many German companies benefited from the slave labor employed here, including Krupp, I.G. Farben, and Daimler-Benz.

Kenyon Alumni Bulletin - July 1943

Kenyon College Alumni Bulletin

No abstract provided.

Real-Photo Postcard Of Posen Town Hall

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Image of building with "Posen. Rathaus" printed at bottom. Back:'POSEN' handstamp at center right next to purple '6 Deutsches Reich' postage stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Heinrich Himmler gave an infamous speech on October 4, 1943 in the town hall of Posen (Paznan in Polish) before 92 SS officers and group leaders. He extols the murder and ultimate extermination of the Jews and the Jewish race. Enjoining the men gathered in the room to not speak of this genocide, Himmler nevertheless sees exterminating the Jews as the Nazis' necessary historical mission, with no place for mercy or …

Jedownitz Package Receipt

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan paper with black writing in cursive. Addressed to Franz Barrion from Anna Barrion. Back half titled "Bescheinigung des Empfängers" (Certification of the consignee).

Envelope With Antisemitic Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Blue envelope with address written in ink. Includes a pasted pink stamp with a caricature of a Jewish face

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

This cover with Jewish Star of David superimposed upon a caricatured, particularly repulsive “Jewish” face commonly used on Julius Streicher’s tabloid products and drawings, here on regular mail with a message about the importance of resolving the “Jewish question,” has clearly resonated with the German public.

Theresienstadt Postcard With Berlin Cancellation, Censored With Reply Instruction Cachet

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with black printed postcard lines. addressed in green ink to Julius Stern from Laura Stern. Includes message written in green ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Postcard with Berlin cancellation to Julius Stern in Switzerland who Is in a labor camp, sent by family member (?) Stern, probably his wife, in Theresienstadt. Reply instructions cachet states that replies can only go through the Reich Association of Jews in Germany, Berlin-Charlottenburg 2, Kantstrasse 158. Another cachet reads that “replies only by postcards in the German language.” Censor markings.

Theresienstadt Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with black postcard lines. Addressed to Marie Stufleo from Prka Katz in pencil. Includes message written in purple pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard from (?) Katz in Theresienstadt, in pencil, To Marie (?) in Prague

Theresienstadt Package Receipt

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Green slip titled, "Zpáteční lístek" (return ticket). Addressed to Marie Kolská, "manzelka fotografa" (wife of the photographer). Includes writing in pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Slip acknowledging receipt of a package in Theresienstadt

[Related items: 2012.1.356b, 2012.1.356c, 2012.1.356d]

Postcard To Man Interned At Ferramonti Di Tarsia Internment Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Purple 'generalgouvernement' printed postage stamp in right corner; J.U.S. hand stamp on left side with eagle symbol hand stamp below. Back: Typed note, purple J.U.S. hand stamp at bottom center.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Ferramonti was the largest internment camp established by Mussolini in 1940. Over 3,800 Jews were imprisoned there, most of whom were foreign-born. Prisoners were released six weeks after Mussolini's downfall in September 1943.

Postcard from the J.U.S. Jewish Support Team (Judische Unterstutzungsstelle fur das Generalgouvernement) in Krakow, 1943, to internee Friedrich Kohn in Ferramonti di Tarsia, Cosenza. Mr. Kohn who had been on …

Request From German General Prosecutor To Bernard Koch Requesting Proof That Finacée Is Not Jewish

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Brown envelope with printed and typewritten information and a typewritten letter on a half sheet of paper.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

An assemblage of three documents (2012.1.19-.21), the first sent from Karlsruhe by the General Prosecutor to Bernard Koch, whose son wishes to marry an aryan woman, Helga Krebs, whose name suggests that she might be Jewish. In part: "... Your son Justice Inspector Heinrich Koch, needs to attest that his bride and her parents have German blood and ancestry. He will have to bring in the marriage certificates of the bride's parents as well as a birth …

German Soldier Feldpost Letter Written To His Family In Munich Accompanied By Photo Of Arrested Jews

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

a: Green envelope addressed to "Paul Gruber," gray, torn postage stamp of Hitler in upper right corner. b: Two- sided, typed letter, front includes "Reichshof/Krakau 18.June 1943" in upper right side. Back includes "II" in the center at the top of the page. c: Black and white photo of a soldier standing in front of a large group of people standing in three lines with their arms up.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

The soldier, Sergeant Oskar Gruber, writes that he has just arrived in Krakow, and that he is currently being accommodated at a reserve hospital in a …

Special Wartime Commencement June 1943

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

Gestapo Files Of Insurance Rebates Of Deceased Jews

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Brown form with typewritten message. Upper left has return address handstamped and damage from paperclip. Top right has date, and purple rectangular handstamp with date Signature in bottom right, with purple handstamp. Several red pencil markings.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A chilling set of three documents (2012.1.558, 2012.1.559, 2012.1.560) regarding the Nazi appropriation of insurance rebates or refunds from policies once owned by deceased Jews who perished within concentration camps. The first, 2pp. legal folio, Munich, Apr. 29, 1943, lists nine deceased Jews who were "deregistered," "expelled," "deceased" or otherwise no longer insured. The other two documents, 1p. …

Envelope From Drancy Internment Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Off-white envelope with purple Bureau de la Censure in upper lefthand corner and black writing. Includes a pasted stamp of a man in profile facing left. Sent locally within Paris from the Drancy Internment Camp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Cover sent locally within Paris, franked 1.50f violet triple ring cachet "CAMP D'INTERNMENT DE DRANCY."

Postcard To Professor M. Lowy, A Jew In Modena

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Postcard with text printed in green and stamped with purple ink. Address and additional text handwritten in black ink. Message handwritten in black ink on opposite side.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Italian Fascist censored (two-line handstamp and circular R-Questura Modena stamp recto and boxed 2 verso) propaganda postcard, with King Victor Emmanuelle Stamp and “Vinceremo” (“we will win”) imprinted on the postcard, sent to a Professor Maurizio Lowy in Finale-Emilia in the province of Modena. This card was sent in the final phase of Italy’s wholehearted support of the Nazis. Mr. Lowy perhaps served as a conduit for …

Postcard From Sculptor Ottilie Wollmann In Theresienstadt To Felix Hepner At The Pension Beau Sejour In Vevey, Switzerland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Signed and stamped postcard in black ink dated June 12, 1943.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Ottilie Wollmann was a German sculptor born in Berlin in 1882. She had studied with Fritz Klimsch and Max Kruse and was a member of the Association of Berlin Women Artists. Ottilie worked in an Impressionist idiom. Her sculpture Mother and Child received an award at the Jewish Museum exhibit in 1935. A cast of her bronze Gret Palucca was shown in the 2004 The Eternal Female exhibition at the Gothic House in Berlin. As a Jewish artist, however, she - like the …

Postcard From Zygmunt Pustelnik In Tittmoning Internment Camp In Bavaria To Joseph Pustelnik In Chicago

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front of postcard marked “PAR AVION!” in center in pencil, “Internierten-Post Postkarte” printed in black ink in upper left corner, writing in red ink in both upper corners, stamped with blue, red, black, and purple ink. Back of letter marked “Interniertenlager” in black print in upper left corner, twelve lines of writing.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Tittmoning castle was an internment camp in Bavaria near Austria which was run by the German army. British and American citizens, including African-American jazz musicians who had the misfortune of being in Germany at the time war was declared, were imprisoned here …

Life Insurance Document For Margot Loewenstein

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

A typewritten document on red paper with a large red Star of David stamp with the word "Jude."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A very disturbing set of three typed documents (2012.1.44, 2012.1.45, 2012.1.46) from Berlin. Each is ominously stamped "Jude" in a large red Star of David, concerning the life insurance policy of one Margot Lowenstein of Hamburg, who fled Nazi Germany in August 1939 for England. Under German law, Jews who left the country or were forcibly deported were forced to forfeit any benefits or monies due on existing life insurance policies. The document, loosely translated in …

Letter From Romanian Jews During The Holocaust

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typewritten letter on "Centrala Evreilor din România" stationery. Includes signatures in blue and green.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A typed document on "Jewish Center of Romania" letterhead, to the Tarnava-Mare Office of Relief and signed by three Jewish doctors. Concerns methods for individuals to send food, medicines and clothing to Jewish deportees from the Transnistria region of Romania. Between 280,000 to 380,000 Jews were murdered in Romania and the war zones of Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transnistria. "Deportation" was a euphemism, as part of the process involved killing many Jews before deporting the rest in the "Trains of Death" …