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Heat Stress Risk Factors Of Feedlot Heifers, T. M. Brown-Brandl, Roger A. Eigenberg, J. A. Nienaber

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Heat stress in cattle results in millions of dollars in lost revenue each year due to production losses, and in extreme cases, death. Death losses are more likely to result from animals vulnerable to heat stress. A study was conducted to determine risk factors for heat stress in feedlot heifers. Over two consecutive summers, a total of 256 feedlot heifers (32/ breed/ year) of four breeds were observed. As a measure of stress, respiration rates and panting scores were taken twice daily (morning and afternoon) on a random sample of 10 heifers/ breed. Weights, condition scores, and temperament scores were …

Heat Stress Risk Factors Of Feedlot Heifers, Tami M. Brown-Brandl, Roger A. Eigenberg, John A. Nienaber

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Heat stress in cattle results in millions of dollars in lost revenue each year due to production losses, and in extreme cases, death. Death losses are more likely to result from animals vulnerable to heat stress. A study was conducted to determine risk factors for heat stress in feedlot heifers. Over two consecutive summers, a total of 256 feedlot heifers (32/ breed/ year) of four breeds were observed. As a measure of stress, respiration rates and panting scores were taken twice daily (morning and afternoon) on a random sample of 10 heifers/ breed. Weights, condition scores, and temperament scores were …

Microbial Content Of Abattoir Wastewater And Its Contaminated Soil In Lagos, Nigeria, A. O. Adesemoye, B. O. Opere, S. C. O. Makinde

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Microbial content of wastewater in two abattoirs and the impact on microbial population of receiving soil was studied in Agege and Ojo Local Government Areas in Lagos State, Nigeria. Wastewater samples were collected from each of the abattoirs over three months period and examined for microbial content. Soil samples contaminated with the wastewaters were also collected and analyzed for microbial content as compared to soil without wastewater contamination in the neighborhood (control). Some physico-chemical parameters of the samples such as total dissolved solid, chemical oxygen demand, etc., were examined. The wastewater samples from both abattoirs were highly contaminated; Agege abattoir …

Genetic Characterization And Diversity Of Rathayibacter Toxicus, Irina V. Agarkova, A. K. Vidaver, E. N. Postnikova, I. T. Riley, N. W. Schaad

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Rathayibacter toxicus is a nematode-vectored gram-positive bacterium responsible for a gumming disease of grasses and production of a highly potent animal and human toxin that is often fatal to livestock and has a history of occurring in unexpected circumstances. DNA of 22 strains of R. toxicus from Australia were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AFLP analysis grouped the 22 strains into three genetic clusters that correspond to their geographic origin. The mean similarity between the three clusters was 85 to 86%. PFGE analysis generated three different banding patterns that enabled typing the strains …

Emended Classification Of Xanthomonad Pathogens On Citrus, Norman W. Schaad, Elena Postnikova, George Lacy, Aaron Sechler, Irina V. Agarkova, Paul E. Stromberg, Verlyn K. Stromberg, Anne K. Vidaver

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

In the paper by Schaad et al. [24] on reclassification of several xanthomonads, nomenclatural errors were made. The name Xanthomonas smithii subsp. citri proposed for the former taxon X. campestris pv. citri ( = X. axonopodis pv. citri) is illegitimate. Following the reinstatement of X. citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. [9] as a validly published name, Young et al. [34] wrote that the reinstatement of this epithet was based on a description that was inadequate in terms of modern practice for the purpose of formal classification. This report was subsequently summarized by the International Committee on …

Panadería “Pan Rey,” El Salvador Prueba Harina De Sorgo, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Pan Rey, una panadería grande y comercializada en Quezaltepeque, El Salvador C. A. viene experimentando con la harina de sorgo como substituto de la harina de trigo, y en colaboración con el Laboratorio de Tecnología de Alimentos del CENTA (Centro Nacional de Tecnología agropecuaria) con el fín de promover el uso de la harina de sorgo en las panaderías grandes. Muchas de las panaderías pequeñas del sector rural, como la panadería de Clemencia Barrera en San Rafael Cedros, El Salvador (ver Reporte No.5 de INTSORMIL), han substituido la harina de trigo por la de sorgo durante muchos años. Sin embargo, …

Pan Rey Bakery, El Salvador Tests Sorghum Flour, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Pan Rey, the “Bread King,” a large commercial bakery located at Quezaltepeque, El Salvador is testing sorghum flour as a substitute for wheat. The Pan Rey Bakery collaborates with the CENTA Food Technology Laboratory in a project to promote the use of sorghum flour in large bakeries. Many small, village level bakeries, such as the bakery of Clemencia Barrera in San Rafael Cedro, El Salvador (see INTSORMIL Report No. 5), have been using sorghum flour as a substitute for wheat for many years. However, use of sorghum flour on a large scale in the big commercial bakeries, such as Pan …

Forage News [2006-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• KFGC Field Day Huge Success in Spite of 4” of Rain
• Roundup Ready Grazing Tolerant Alfalfa: Application for Kentucky
• 26 Roundup Ready Alfalfa Varieties
• Hay Export Markets May Benefit All Growers
• Prevent Machinery Fires
• Ethanol Growth Challenges Hay Markets
• Hay Production Up
• Upcoming Events

Pb1766 Saving Trees And Making Money In Residential Development, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

It’s a common sight in developments that are 3 – 5 years old. A homeowner had initially purchased a property for its wooded and natural aesthetic appeal and thinks he or she has succeeded in preserving this beauty. When the home is finished and the nearby trees still cast shade, the owner considers the trees to be past the critical stage. It isn’t until after the interior is furnished and the lawn is established that the homeowner soon notices he or she is picking up a few more fallen branches in the yard than is customary. Eventually, the owner looks …

Sp683 Tree Wounds - Response Of Trees And What You Can Do, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Trees are commonly wounded and the causes are many: broken branches; impacts, abrasions and scrapes; animal damage; insect attack; fire; etc. Wounds usually break the bark and damage the food- (phloem or inner bark) and water- (xylem or wood) conducting tissues. Wounds also expose the inside of the tree to organisms, primarily bacteria and fungi that may infect and cause discoloration and decay of the wood. Decay can result in structurally weakened tree stems and unsightly trees and can shorten the life of a tree. Decay in a tree cannot be cured. However, proper tree care can limit the progress …

Sp682 Watering Trees, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Water is the most limiting factor for tree survival and growth. Trees use water during photosynthesis and lose water during transpiration. Water shortages affect both young and old trees. Drought conditions can lead to tree decline, making the tree more susceptible to pest problems. Supplemental watering can greatly assist trees during stressful drought periods in the summer and in the dormant season when soil moisture is limited. Desiccating winds and lack of precipitation can increase transpiration in evergreens (conifers) and create soil moisture deficits even during the winter.

Sp684 Selecting A Tree-Care Company, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Choosing a tree-care company is similar to choosing most any professional service. The people performing the work must be knowledgeable, properly equipped, safetyconscious and have the experience to perform the service. Outlined below are a few questions that will help the informed consumer select a tree-care company and expect quality work at a reasonable cost.

Sp686 Dieback And Decline Of Trees, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Tree decline is a general loss of vitality throughout the entire tree caused by a systemic disease or by a sequence of stressing events that causes the tree to deplete its energy reserves. Twig and branch dieback is initiated in the tree as a response to poor growing conditions, physical injury to the tree and/or pest attack. Usually a combination of physical, climatic and pest problems lead to decline and dieback of trees. The factors that contribute to this decline are the subject of this publication, as well as management practices to prevent decline.

Sp685 Landscaping Guidelines To Protect Your Home From Wildfire, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

As Tennessee’s population continues to grow, more people are building homes in rural forested areas. Each year Tennessee experiences approximately 2,000 wild (forest) fires. With the influx of new homeowners in and around forest land, the chances of wildfires damaging home structures increase. Improper landscaping around homes increases the likelihood of fire damage, while also hindering the activities of firefighters.

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletter, Fall 2006, Volume 12, No. 4

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Chemical Characteristics of Aging Golf Greens by Roch Gaussoin, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL

Can Ecophysiological Characteristics Explain the Success of Woody Species in the Sandhills of Nebraska? by Kathleen Eggemeyer, Tala Awada, F. Edwin Harvey, David Wedin, Xinhua Zhou and Sue Ellen Pegg, School of Natural Resources, UNL

Comparison of a Long Yearling System to Calf-fed Performance and Economics by Will Griffin and Terry Klopfenstein, Department of Animal Science, UNL

A Tale of Two States by Jana Beckman, Kansas Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Alternative Crops, K-State Research and Extension

2006 Nebraska Grazing Conference Best Yet!

Transcriptome Analysis Of Aspergillus Nidulans Exposed To Camptothecin-Induced Dna Damage, Iran Malazavi, Marcela Savoldi, Sonia Marla Zingaretti Di Mauro, Carlos Frederico Martins Menck, Steven D. Harris, Maria Helena De Souza Goldman, Gustavo Henrique Goldman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

We have used an Aspergillus nidulans macroarray carrying sequences of 2,787 genes from this fungus to monitor gene expression of both wild-type and uvsB^ATR (the homologue of the ATR gene) deletion mutant strains in a time course exposure to camptothecin (CPT). The results revealed a total of 1,512 and 1,700 genes in the wild-type and uvsB^ATR deletion mutant strains that displayed a statistically significant difference at at least one experimental time point. We characterized six genes that have increased mRNA expression in the presence of CPT in the wild-type strain relative to the uvsB^ATR mutant strain: fhdA …

Ua66/5 Newsletter, Vol. I, Issue 1, Wku Agriculture

WKU Archives Records

Newsletter created by WKU Agriculture Department re: faculty/staff, students/alumni, student organizations and clubs and donors.

Lake Mead National Recreation Area Vegetation Monitoring And Management: Final Close-Out Report, Time Period: October 1, 2005 To September 30, 2006, Margaret N. Rees

Vegetation Monitoring

The National Park Service (NPS) at Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAME) entered into a cooperative agreement with the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) to accomplish vegetation monitoring and management activities. This report summarizes activities that took place by UNLV under this task agreement between October 1, 2005, and September 30, 2006. The activities included:

• Weed Sentry mapping and treating incipient populations of exotic invasive plants throughout Clark County, including along shorelines of Lakes Mead and Mohave;
• Monitoring of targeted rare native plant species;
• Sahara mustard research; and
• Providing technical assistance upon request to the NPS vegetation manager.

In …

Intsormil Crsp: Sorghum, Millet And Other Grains Collaborative Research Support Program: Leader With Associates Cooperative Agreement No. Eep-A-00-06-0016-00; Award From The U.S. Agency For International Development To The University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, Joseph Schmidt

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Pursuant to the authority contained in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) hereby awards to University of Nebraska - Lincoln (hereinafter referred to as the "Recipient"), the sum of $9,000,000.00 to provide support for a program in Sorghum, Millet, and Other Grains Collaborative Research Support Program as described in the Schedule of this award and in Attachment B, entitled "Program Description."

This Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement is effective and obligation is made as of 09-30-2006 and shall apply to expenditures made by the Recipient in furtherance of program objectives during …

Ecophysiology Of Two Native Invasive Woody Species And Two Dominant Warm-Season Grasses In The Semiarid Grasslands Of The Nebraska Sandhills, Kathleen D. Eggemeyer, Tala Awada, David A. Wedin, F. Edwin Harvey, Xinhua Zhou

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Populations of Pinus ponderosa and Juniperus virginiana are expanding into semiarid Sandhills grasslands in Nebraska. To evaluate the physiological basis of their success, we measured the seasonal course of leaf gas exchange, plant water status, and carbon isotope discrimination in these two native trees and two native C₄ grasses (Schizachyrium scoparium and Panicum virgatum). Compared to the trees, grasses had higher net photosynthetic rates (A_net) and water use efficiency (WUE) and more negative predawn and midday water potentials (Ψ) in June and July. While leaf Ψ and rates of leaf gas exchange declined for all …

Nitrate Accumulation And Movement Under Deficit Irrigation In Soil Receiving Cattle Manure And Commercial Fertilizer, D. D. Tarkalson, J. O. Payero, S. M. Ensley, Charles A. Shapiro

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nitrate leaching from agricultural soils can increase groundwater nitrate concentrations. The objectives of the study were to assess the accumulation and movement of nitrate in the soil profile over a 2-year period under def¬icit irrigation conditions following a one time application of N in cattle feedlot manure and commercial fertilizer to corn at rates to achieve yield goals expected under conditions of full irrigation. Cattle manure and ammonium nitrate were applied in 2002 at the University of Nebraska recommended rate (1M and 1F, respectively) and cat¬tle manure was applied at twice the recommended rate (2M) for N for the 2002 …

Dna Molecules And Polypeptides Of Pseudomonas Syringae Hrp Pathogenicity Island And Their Uses: U.S. Patent No. Us 7,102,059 B2, Alan Collmer, James R. Alfano, Amy O. Charkowski

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

One aspect of the present invention relates to isolated nucleic acid molecules (i) encoding proteins or polypeptides of Pseudomonas CEL and EEL genomic regions, (ii) nucleic acid molecules which hybridize thereto under stringent conditions, or (iii) nucleic acid molecules that include a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to the nucleic acid molecules of (i) and (ii). Expression vectors, host cells, and transgenic plants which include the DNA molecules of the present invention are also disclosed. Another aspect relates to the isolated proteins or polypeptides and compositions containing the same. The nucleic acid molecules and proteins of the present invention can …

Cloning Of Nt.Cviqii Nicking Endonuclease And Its Cognate Methyltransferase: M.Cviqii Methylates Ag Sequence, Siu-Hong Chan, Zhenyu Zhu, David Dunigan, James L. Van Etten, Shuang-Yong Xu

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Chlorella virus NY-2A has a large, highly methylated dsDNA genome (45% of the cytosines are 5-methylcytosine and 37% of the adenines are N⁶-methyladenine). Here, we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of the NY-2A-encoded CviQII nicking-modification (N-M) system. The nicking endonuclease, Nt.CviQII, recognizes R ↓ AG (R = A or G, ↓ indicating cleavage site) sequences and cleaves the phosphodiester bond 5′ to the adenosine. Because of the difficulty in cloning and expressing the wild-type Nt.CviQII, C-terminal truncation mutants were generated and full-length Nt.CviQII was reconstructed by intein-mediated peptide ligation. The truncation mutants and the reconstructed full-length Nt.CviQII …

Inducible Yeast System For Viral Rna Recombination Reveals Requirement For An Rna Replication Signal On Both Parental Rnas, Hernan Garcia-Ruiz, Paul Ahlquist

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

To facilitate RNA recombination studies, we tested whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which supports brome mosaic virus (BMV) replication, also supports BMV RNA recombination. Yeast strains expressing BMV RNA replication proteins 1a and 2a^pol were engineered to transiently coexpress two independently inducible, overlapping, nonreplicating derivatives of BMV genomic RNA3. B33' lacked the coat protein gene and negative-strand RNA promoter. B35' lacked the positive-strand RNA promoter and had the coat gene replaced by the selectable URA3 gene. After 12 to 72 h of induction, B33' and B35' transcription was repressed and Ura⁺ yeast cells were selected. All Ura⁺ cells …

Harina De Sorgo Como Sustituto Del Trigo En Panaderías Rurales De El Salvador, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

El grano de sorgo está generando mucho interés en el escenario de la comida sana. Por que? La respuesta es muy sencilla: la harina de grano de sorgo, NO CONTIENE GLUTEN. Esto es muy importante para aquellas personas intolerantes al gluten (padecimiento celíaco). El sorgo contiene un alto contenido de antioxidantes (que ayudan a prevenir el cáncer) y fibra insoluble (lenta digestibilidad), con cantidades relativamente pequeñas de fibra soluble. La proteína y el almidón del endospermo del sorgo son digeridos más lentamente si se les compara con otros cereales. El bajo porcentaje de digestibilidad en los productos preparados a base …

Sorghum Flour As A Substitute For Wheat In El Salvador Village Bakeries, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Grain sorghum is generating new excitement on the health food scene. Why? For one reason, flour milled from grain sorghum has NO GLUTEN! That’s important to those people with an intolerance to gluten-containing products (Celiac disease). Sorghum is high in antioxidants (cancer prevention) and insoluble fiber (slowly digested), with relatively small amounts of soluble fiber. The protein and starch in sorghum endosperm are more slowly digested than other cereals. The slower rate of digestibility of sorghum products may be beneficial to diabetics.

So how is sorghum flour used in baking? It can be substituted for wheat, rice or soybean flour …

Pseudomonas SyringaeHrpj Is A Type Iii Secreted Protein That Is Required For Plant Pathogenesis, Injection Of Effectors,And Secretion Of The Hrpz1 Harpin, Zheng Qing Fu, Ming Guo, James R. Alfano

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications

The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae requires a type III protein secretion system (TTSS) to cause disease. The P. syringae TTSS is encoded by the hrp-hrc gene cluster. One of the genes within this cluster, hrpJ, encodes a protein with weak similarity to YopN, a type III secreted protein from the animal pathogenic Yersinia species. Here, we show that HrpJ is secreted in culture and translocated into plant cells by the P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 TTSS. A DC3000 hrpJ mutant, UNL140, was greatly reduced in its ability to cause disease symptoms and multiply in Arabidopsis thaliana …

Biologic Cycling Of Silica Across A Grassland Bioclimosequence, S. W. Blecker, Rebecca L. Mcculley, O. A. Chadwick, E. F. Kelly

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

The dynamics of biologic Si cycling in grassland ecosystems are largely unknown and likely to impact mineral weathering rates regionally and diatom productivity globally; key regulatory processes in the global Si cycle are closely tied to the global carbon cycle. Across a bioclimatic sequence spanning major grassland ecosystems in the Great Plains, soil biogenic silica depth distributions are similar to that of soil organic carbon; however, unlike soil organic carbon, quantities of soil biogenic silica decrease with increasing precipitation, despite an increase in annual biogenic inputs through litterfall across the same gradient. Though comprising only 1–3% of the total Si …

The Evolution Of Organismal Complexity In Angiosperms As Measured By The Information Content Of Taxonomic Descriptions, J. Gordon Burleigh, Justen B. Whittall, Michael J. Sanderson

Biology

We describe an information theoretic method for measuring relative organismal complexity. The complexity measure is based on the amount of information contained in formal taxonomic descriptions of organisms. We examine the utility of this measure for quantifying the complexity of plant families. The descriptions are subjective by nature, but we find a significant correlation in the complexity values of plant families from two independently authored sets of formal taxonomic descriptions. An analysis of the evolution of complexity across angiosperms found evidence of a pattern of increasing complexity. Our measure of complexity provides an operational definition of complexity that may be …

Forage News [2006-09], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forage Field Day
• Stockpile Production: Does It Pay to Fertilize in Fall Given the High Cost of Nitrogen Fertilizer?
• Can You Successfully “Thicken-Up” Old Alfalfa Stands?
• Fall Seeding Grasses
• What a Difference a Year Makes…
• Monitor Wet Hay to Prevent Fire
• Forage Spokesman Nominations
• Rake Design Doesn’t Impact Hay Quality
• KFGC Awards Nominations
• Upcoming Events