Digital Commons Network^™

Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Is Modulated In Olanzapine-Treated Young Rats By Simvastatin, Xuemei Liu, Xiyu Feng, Chao Deng, Lu Liu, Yanping Zeng, Chang Hu

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Background: Prescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant weight gain and dyslipidemia. Statin is considered a potential preventive and treatment approach for reducing SGA-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. However, the effect of statin treatment in children and adolescents with SGA-induced dyslipidemia is not clearly demonstrated. Methods: To investigate the efficacy of statin interventions for reversing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, young Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally with either olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), simvastatin (3.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), olanzapine plus simvastatin (O + S), or …

Dysregulation Of Tctp In Biological Processes And Diseases, Ulrich A. Bommer, Adam Telerman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also called histamine releasing factor (HRF) or fortilin, is a multifunctional protein present in almost all eukaryotic organisms. TCTP is involved in a range of basic cell biological processes, such as promotion of growth and development, or cellular defense in response to biological stresses. Cellular TCTP levels are highly regulated in response to a variety of physiological signals, and regulatory mechanism at various levels have been elucidated. Given the importance of TCTP in maintaining cellular homeostasis, it is not surprising that dysregulation of this protein is associated with a range of disease processes. Here, we …

Correcting For Intra-Individual Variability In Sodium Excretion In Spot Urine Samples Does Not Improve The Ability To Predict 24 H Urinary Sodium Excretion, Karen E. Charlton, Aletta E. Schutte, Leanda Wepener, Barbara Corso, Paul Kowal, Lisa J. Ware

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Given a global focus on salt reduction efforts to reduce cardiovascular risk, it is important to obtain accurate measures of salt intake on a population level. This study determined firstly whether adjustment for intra-individual variation in urinary sodium (Na) excretion using three repeated 24 h collections affects daily estimates and whether the use of repeated spot urine samples results in better prediction of 24 h Na compared to a single collection. Twenty three community-dwelling men and women from South Africa (mean age 59.7 years (SD = 15.6)) participating in the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health …

Humans Coexisted With Three-Tonne Marsupials And Lizards As Long As Cars In Ancient Australia, Scott Hocknull, Anthony Dosseto, Gilbert Price, Lee Arnold, Patrick Moss, Renaud Joannes-Boyau

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

When people first arrived in what is now Queensland, they would have found the land inhabited by massive animals including goannas six metres long and kangaroos twice as tall as a human. We have studied fossil bones of these animals for the past decade. Our findings, published today in Nature Communications, shed new light on the mystery of what drove these ancient megafauna to extinction.

Extinction Of Eastern Sahul Megafauna Coincides With Sustained Environmental Deterioration, Scott A. Hocknull, Richard Lewis, Lee J. Arnold, Tim Pietsch, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Gilbert J. Price, Patrick Moss, Rachel Wood, Anthony Dosseto, Julien Louys, Jon Olley, Rochelle A. Lawrence

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Explanations for the Upper Pleistocene extinction of megafauna from Sahul (Australia and New Guinea) remain unresolved. Extinction hypotheses have advanced climate or human-driven scenarios, in spite of over three quarters of Sahul lacking reliable biogeographic or chronologic data. Here we present new megafauna from north-eastern Australia that suffered extinction sometime after 40,100 (±1700) years ago. Megafauna fossils preserved alongside leaves, seeds, pollen and insects, indicate a sclerophyllous forest with heathy understorey that was home to aquatic and terrestrial carnivorous reptiles and megaherbivores, including the world’s largest kangaroo. Megafauna species diversity is greater compared to southern sites of similar age, which …

Late Pleistocene Lake Level History Of Lake Mungo, Australia, Timothy T. Barrows, Kathryn Fitzsimmons, Stephanie C. Mills, Jacqui Tumney, Daryl Pappin, Nicola Stern

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Lake Mungo is a currently dry lake basin in the semi-arid zone of southeastern Australia. The transverse dune system on the downwind side contains a record of human occupation of international importance. It also contains one of the most continuous records of climate change over the last glacial cycle in the Australia desert. In this paper we provide a framework for the interpretation of lake level history from before the arrival of people (>41 ka) until after the establishment of the pastoral industry in the area. We present 83 optically stimulated luminescence ages from the …

Design, Synthesis And Evaluation Of Carbamate-Linked Uridyl-Based Inhibitors Of Human St6gal I, Andrew Montgomery, Christopher Dobie, Remi Szabo, Laura Hallam, Marie Ranson, Haibo Yu, Danielle Skropeta

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Sialic acid at the terminus of cell surface glycoconjugates is a critical element in cell-cell recognition, receptor binding and immune responses. Sialyltransferases (ST), the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of sialylated glycans are highly upregulated in cancer and the resulting hypersialylation of the tumour cell surface correlates strongly with tumour growth, metastasis and drug resistance. Inhibitors of human STs, in particular human ST6Gal I, are thus expected to be valuable chemical tools for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. Herein, we report on the computationally-guided design and development of uridine-based inhibitors that replace the charged phosphodiester …

Diagnostic And Health Service Pathways To Diagnosis Of Cancer-Registry Notified Cancer Of Unknown Primary Site (Cup), Andrea Schaffer, Sallie Pearson, Oscar Perez-Concha, Timothy Dobbins, Robyn Ward, Marina Van Leeuwen, Joel J. Rhee, Maarit Laaksonen, Glynis Craigen, Claire Vajdic

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Background Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a late-stage malignancy with poor prognosis, but we know little about what diagnostic tests and procedures people with CUP receive prior to diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to determine how health service utilisation prior to diagnosis for people with cancer-registry notified CUP differs from those notified with metastatic cancer of known primary. Methods We identified people with a cancer registry notification of CUP (n = 327) from the 45 and Up Study, a prospective cohort of 266,724 people 45 years in New South Wales, Australia, matched with up to three controls …

The Relevance Of Whole Grain Food Definitions In Estimation Of Whole Grain Intake: A Secondary Analysis Of The National Nutrition And Physical Activity Survey 2011-2012, Katrina Kissock, Elizabeth Neale, Eleanor J. Beck

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Objective:

To determine the impacts of using a whole grain food definition on measurement of whole grain intake compared with calculation of total grams of intake irrespective of the source. Design:

The Australian whole grain database was expanded to identify foods that comply with the Healthgrain whole grain food definition (≥30 % whole grains on a dry weight basis, whole grain ingredients exceeds refined grain and meeting accepted standards for healthy foods based on local regulations). Secondary analysis of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) 2011–2012 dietary intake data included calculation of whole grain intakes based on intake …

Use Of Curcumin In Multiple Myeloma Patients Intolerant Of Steroid Therapy, Raj Ramakrishna, Terrence H. Diamond, William Alexander, Arumugam Manoharan, Terry Golombick

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Curcumin, when used in a combination regimen in multiple myeloma patients, has comparable progression-free survival without the adverse effects of steroid-based combination therapies that is curcumin may be a viable alternative to corticosteroids in combination with an immunomodulatory drug or proteasome inhibitor.

The Prospect Of Identifying Resistance Mechanisms For Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Circulating Tumor Cells: Is Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition A Key Player?, Tanzila Khan, Kieran Scott, Therese M. Becker, John Lock, Mohammed Nimir, Yafeng Ma, Paul De Souza

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Prostate cancer (PCA) is initially driven by excessive androgen receptor (AR) signaling with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) being a major therapeutic approach to its treatment. However, the development of drug resistance is a significant limitation on the effectiveness of both first-line and more recently developed second-line ADTs. There is a need then to study AR signaling within the context of other oncogenic signaling pathways that likely mediate this resistance. This review focuses on interactions between AR signaling, the well-known phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathway, and an emerging mediator of these pathways, the Hippo/YAP1 axis in metastatic castrate-resistant PCA, and their involvement in the …

Improving Access To Early Childhood Developmental Surveillance For Children From Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (Cald) Background, Karen Edwards, Tania Rimes, Rebecca Smith, Ritin S. Fernandez, Lisa Stephenson, Jane Son, Vanessa Sarkozy, Deborah Perkins, Valsamma Eapen, Sue Woolfenden

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Introduction: Developmental vulnerabilities in pre-school aged children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds with low English proficiency are less likely to be identified through universal developmental surveillance. Barriers include low parental health literacy and low rates of attendance to mainstream child and family health services. Late detection of developmental vulnerabilities can have lifelong impacts on life trajectory. Method: Integrated outreach early childhood developmental surveillance was trialled in South East Sydney by local health services with non-government organisations (NGO) delivering early childhood education and support. NGO staff were trained in Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), a validated developmental screening …

Discovery Of Cephalosporin-3'-Diazeniumdiolates That Show Dual Antibacterial And Antibiofilm Effects Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Clinical Cystic Fibrosis Isolates And Efficacy In A Murine Respiratory Infection Model, Ardeshir Rineh, Odel Soren, Timothy Mcewan, Vikashini Ravikumar, Wee Poh, Fereshteh Azamifar, M Naimi-Jamal, Chen Cheung, Alysha Elliott, Johannes Zuegg, Mark Blaskovich, Matthew Cooper, Victoria Dolange, Myron Christodoulides, Gregory Cook, Scott A. Rice, Saul Faust, Jeremy Webb, Michael J. Kelso

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

The formation of biofilms provides a formidable defense for many bacteria against antibiotics and host immune responses. As a consequence, biofilms are thought to be the root cause of most chronic infections, including those occurring on medical indwelling devices, endocarditis, urinary tract infections, diabetic and burn wounds, and bone and joint infections. In cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) respiratory infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. Previous studies have shown that many bacteria can undergo a coordinated dispersal event in the presence of low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), suggesting that NO could …

Why The Ban On Nicotine Vape Fluid Will Do More Harm Than Good, Jody Morgan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Last week the federal government’s Office of Drug Control announced changes to the importation of nicotine-containing electronic cigarette fluids that will seriously affect the estimated 227,000 regular e-cigarette users in Australia. From January 1, 2021, users will no longer be allowed to import nicotine-containing fluids for use in e-cigarettes, even if they have a prescription. The measures, which were initially set to come into force on July 1, 2020, are in addition to the existing domestic ban on sales of these products.

Intramolecular Interception Of The Newman-Kwart Rearrangement By Carboxylic Acids, Timothy Ablott, Mitchell Fishburn, David Turner, Christopher Richardson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Instead of undergoing the Newman-Kwart rearrangement, thermally-promoted reactions of O-aryl dimethylthiocarbamates featuring ortho-carboxylic acid substituents result in the loss of carbonylsulfide and formation of N,N-dimethylsalicylamides in high yields.

Isolation Of Circulating Tumor Cells From Glioblastoma Patients By Direct Immunomagnetic Targeting, David Lynch, Branka Powter, Joseph Po, Adam Cooper, Celine Garrett, Eng Koh, Mark Sheridan, James Van Gelder, Balsam Darwish, Simon Mckechnie, Renata Bazina, Matthias Jaeger, Tara Roberts, Paul De Souza, Therese Becker

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary brain cancer in adults and tissue biopsies for diagnostic purposes are often inaccessible. The postulated idea that brain cancer cells cannot pass the blood-brain barrier to form circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has recently been overthrown and CTCs have been detected in the blood of GBM patients albeit in low numbers. Given the potential of CTCs to be analyzed for GBM biomarkers that may guide therapy decisions it is important to define methods to better isolate these cells. Here, we determined markers for immunomagnetic targeting and isolation of GBM-CTCs and confirmed their …

Assessment Of Periprostatic And Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Lipolysis And Adipocyte Size From Men With Localized Prostate Cancer, Dushan Miladinovic, Thomas Cusick, Kate Mahon, Anne Haynes, Colin H. Cortie, Barbara J. Meyer, Phillip Stricker, Gary Wittert, Lisa Butler, Lisa Horvath, Andrew Hoy

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

The prostate is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), the thickness of which has been associated with more aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). There are limited data regarding the functional characteristics of PPAT, how it compares to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and whether in a setting of localized PCa, these traits are altered by obesity or disease aggressiveness. PPAT and SAT were collected from 60 men (age: 42-78 years, BMI: 21.3-35.6 kg/m2) undergoing total prostatectomy for PCa. Compared to SAT, adipocytes in PPAT were smaller, had the same basal rates of fatty acid release (lipolysis) yet released less polyunsaturated fatty acid …

Isolation Of Cftr And Tmem16a Inhibitors From Neorautanenia Mitis (A. Rich) Verdcourt: Potential Lead Compounds For Treatment Of Secretory Diarrhea, Christiana Dawurung, Rattikarn Noitem, Roonglawan Rattanajak, Ratchanu Bunyong, Christopher Richardson, Anthony Willis, Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan, Chantapol Yimnual, Chatchai Muanprasat, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd A phytochemical study on the root extracts of Neorautanenia mitis, a Nigerian medicinal plant used in the management of diarrhea, led to the isolation of one new and 19 known natural products. These compounds and crude extracts were evaluated for Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Cl− channel and calcium-activated Cl− channel (TMEM16A) inhibitory activities in T84 and Calu-3 cells, respectively. Four compounds namely dolineon, neodulin, pachyrrhizine, and neotenone inhibited cAMP-induced Cl− secretion across T84 cell monolayers with IC50 values of ~0.81 μM, ~2.42 μM, ~2.87 μM, and ~4.66 μM, respectively. Dolineon having the highest inhibitory …

The Effects Of Legume Consumption On Markers Of Glycaemic Control In Individuals With And Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Literature Review Of Randomised Controlled Trials, Dale Bielefeld, Sara J. Grafenauer, Anna Rangan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Legumes are a rich source of dietary fibre, plant protein, and low‐Glycaemic Index (GI) carbohydrate. Evidence suggests a positive effect on glycaemic control following a single meal; however, the effects of habitual consumption are less clear. This review aimed to investigate whether medium‐to‐long‐term legume consumption had an effect on markers of glycaemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus, without diabetes mellitus, or with prediabetes. As per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, the online databases MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL were searched from inception through to 31 March 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) ≥6 weeks …

Middle-Aged Australians’ Perceptions Of Support To Reduce Lifestyle Risk Factors: A Qualitative Study, Christine Ashley, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Susan Mcinnes, Karin Robinson, Elizabeth Lucas, Susan Harvey, Sarah Remm

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Increasingly, middle-aged people are demonstrating lifestyle risk factors that increase their risk of developing chronic disease. Reducing lifestyle risk in middle age can significantly reduce future morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life. Understanding peoples’ perceptions of health support is important to inform health professionals and policymakers regarding strategies to support lifestyle risk reduction. This paper seeks to explore middle-aged Australians’ perceptions of support for lifestyle risk reduction. Thirty-four middle-aged Australians were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. The overarching theme ‘support for healthy lifestyles’ comprised three subthemes. ‘Engagement with …

Improved Constraints On Northern Extratropical Co2 Fluxes Obtained By Combining Surface-Based And Space-Based Atmospheric Co2 Measurements, B Byrne, J Liu, M Lee, I Baker, K Bowman, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Dietrich G. Feist, David W. T Griffith, Laura T. Iraci, Matthaus Kiel, J Kimball, Charles E. Miller, Isamu Morino, N. Parazoo, Christof Petri, C M. Roehl, Mahesh Kumar Sha, Kimberly Strong, Voltaire A. Velazco, Paul O. Wennberg, Debra Wunch

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020. The Authors. Top-down estimates of CO2 fluxes are typically constrained by either surface-based or space-based CO2 observations. Both of these measurement types have spatial and temporal gaps in observational coverage that can lead to differences in inferred fluxes. Assimilating both surface-based and space-based measurements concurrently in a flux inversion framework improves observational coverage and reduces sampling related artifacts. This study examines the consistency of flux constraints provided by these different observations and the potential to combine them by performing a series of 6-year (2010–2015) CO2 flux inversions. Flux inversions are performed assimilating surface-based measurements from the in situ …