Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Children (5)
- Canada (4)
- FPGA (4)
- Optimization (4)
- Poetry (4)
-
- Behaviour (3)
- Imagery (3)
- Rehabilitation (3)
- Windsor (3)
- Youth (3)
- Aquaculture (2)
- Assessment (2)
- Automotive (2)
- Basalt (2)
- Body image (2)
- Breastfeeding (2)
- CFD (2)
- Community Detection (2)
- Cortisol (2)
- Cultural Algorithms (2)
- Cultural Criminology (2)
- Defamiliarization (2)
- Education (2)
- Efficacy (2)
- Ergonomics (2)
- Fatigue (2)
- Grief (2)
- Helium (2)
- Hybrid electric vehicle (2)
- Isometric (2)
Articles 1 - 30 of 237
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Behavioural, Morphological And Physiological Impacts Of Anthropogenic Noise On Freshwater Fish, Megan Mickle
Behavioural, Morphological And Physiological Impacts Of Anthropogenic Noise On Freshwater Fish, Megan Mickle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is increasing concern about the effect of underwater noise on fish behavior due to the increasing elevations of anthropogenic noise levels — primarily caused by the expansion of urban developments, transportation networks and freshwater resource extraction methods. Despite this increasing study, there is conflicting evidence on the impact of underwater noise to fish behaviour, morphology and physiology and its possible role as an environmental stressor. I performed experiments on two local Great Lakes fish, the black bullhead (Ameiurus melas); a species with known hearing specializations, and the yellow perch (Perca flavescens); a species with basic sound detection. Choosing these …
High Level Synthesis And Evaluation Of An Automotive Radar Signal Processing Algorithm For Fpgas, Siddhant Luthra
High Level Synthesis And Evaluation Of An Automotive Radar Signal Processing Algorithm For Fpgas, Siddhant Luthra
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High Level Synthesis (HLS) is a technology used to design and develop hardware (HW) using high-level languages such as C/C++. An HLS model of an automotive RADAR signal processing algorithm has been developed for the purpose of comparison between the HLS model and the existing HDL model. Register Transfer Level (RTL) programming is a technology used to design and develop hardware at the register transfer level (or low level) using Hardware description languages such as Verilog and VHDL. FPGA development usually requires the knowledge of RTL technologies. HLS gives software (SW) developers the ability to design and implement their designs …
A Mems Based Microwave Pixel For Uwb Radar Based 3-D Diagnostic Imaging, Sujitha Vejella
A Mems Based Microwave Pixel For Uwb Radar Based 3-D Diagnostic Imaging, Sujitha Vejella
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A MEMS-based microwave Pixel has been developed for use with an Ultra-wideband (UWB) radar probe for high-resolution 3-D non-contact, non-ionizing tomographic diagnostic imaging of the thorax. In the proposed system, an UWB radar transmits a 400 ps duration pulse in the frequency range of 3.1 GHz to 5.1 GHz. The transmitted pulse penetrates through the tissues and is partially reflected at each tissue interface characterized by a complex permittivity change. A suitable microwave lens focuses the reflected wavefront on a 2-D array of MEMS-based microwave Pixels to illuminate each Pixel to a tiny 2-D section of the reflected wavefront. Each …
The Development Of A Scale To Detect Feigned Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) In Adults, Sanya Sagar
The Development Of A Scale To Detect Feigned Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) In Adults, Sanya Sagar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a pattern of attentional deficits, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that tends to persist into adulthood for a subset of the individuals affected. In an attempt to address the high base rate of feigned ADHD in university settings (estimates ranging from 25 to 50% of those assessed), the objective of the present study was to develop and validate the Hyperactivity/Inattention Trait Scale (HITS), specifically designed to differentiate between feigned and genuine adult ADHD. The HITS was administered online to a sample of undergraduate students, along with several performance validity tests, aimed at detecting …
On Not Interpreting The Roar, Simina Banu
On Not Interpreting The Roar, Simina Banu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
My project interrogates the way English acts like a brick wall for non-native speakers. I draw from my personal experience as an immigrant and combine that with LANGUAGE poetry techniques and translation in order to capture the immigrant experience. I then reflect on what is and is not lost in the process of translation, and what is built anew.
The Variational Calculation Of The 413 Nm 4he Tune-Out Wavelength, Jacob Manalo
The Variational Calculation Of The 413 Nm 4he Tune-Out Wavelength, Jacob Manalo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A tune-out wavelength of an atom is a wavelength of radiation such that the atom's polarizability vanishes [1]. It can be used as an alternative to inducing energy shifts for the purpose of testing quantum electrodynamics (QED). This is done by incorporating perturbations to the polarizability and calculating a chosen root, i.e. a tune-out wavelength. Comparison with experiment can determine the e ectiveness of the theory from which these perturbations arise. In this study, the calculated 23S - 33P transition tune-out wavelength for 4He was compared with an interferometry experiment done by Kenneth Baldwin's group at the Australian National University. …
Investigating Predictors Of Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Kathryn Corby
Investigating Predictors Of Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Kathryn Corby
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the prenatal period among both primiparous and multiparous women. A sample of 401 Canadian women in their third trimester of pregnancy completed an online survey. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy, as measured by the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale – short form (BSES-SF). The following eight variables were found to explain 41.2% of the variance in BSES-SF scores: feeling prepared for labour and birth, number of living children, breastfeeding knowledge, trait anxiety, length of plan to exclusively breastfeed, income, plan to exclusively …
The Use Of Assistive Technology In School-Aged Children With Learning Disorders, Lynette Renee Kivisto
The Use Of Assistive Technology In School-Aged Children With Learning Disorders, Lynette Renee Kivisto
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Assistive Technology (AT) allows children with Specific Learning Disorders (LDs) to adequately access school curriculum. There is a paucity of literature addressing the use, perception of use, and training of students who qualify for AT. The few studies completed suggest that children with AT like their devices and find them useful. The current exploratory study examined the grade level of children provided AT devices, the types of AT hardware and software being used by children with various learning limitations in a school environment, and children’s perception of their AT devices. Archival data collected from school-aged children referred to the Learning …
Real-Time Energy Price-Aware Anycast Rwa For Scheduled Lightpath Demands In Optical Data Center Networks, Karan Neginhal
Real-Time Energy Price-Aware Anycast Rwa For Scheduled Lightpath Demands In Optical Data Center Networks, Karan Neginhal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The energy consumption of the data center networks and the power consumption associated with transporting data to the users is considerably large, and it constitutes a significant portion of their costs. Hence, development of energy efficient schemes is very crucial to address this problem. Our research considers the fixed window traffic allocation model and the anycast routing scheme to select the best option for the destination node. Proper routing schemes and appropriate combination of the replicas can take care of the issue for energy utilization and at the same time help diminish costs for the data centers. We have also …
Real-Time Implementation Of Spectrum Sensing Techniques In Cognitive Radios, Arooj Fatima
Real-Time Implementation Of Spectrum Sensing Techniques In Cognitive Radios, Arooj Fatima
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Wireless communication requirements of higher sampling frequencies and bandwidth are ever increasing. For this purpose, exploitation of underutilized spectrum bands was one the challenging research targets. Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising solution to overcome the “limited bandwidth” issue. Software defined radio (SDR) is the enabler of CR. The aim of the thesis is to adopt the vacant TV channels for secondary users. Spectrum sensing prototype has been proposed to detect TV white space (TVWS). The prototype has been developed using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and examined to sense TVWS in the real time world. The conducting analysis of …
Novel Photochromic Crown Ethers For Incorporation Into [2]Pseudorotaxanes, Michael Reynolds
Novel Photochromic Crown Ethers For Incorporation Into [2]Pseudorotaxanes, Michael Reynolds
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The development of synthetic molecules that exhibit reversible photoswitchable properties has become a topic of interest in many fields of research including (but not limited to) their incorporation into photochromic devices and molecular photoswitches. This thesis investigates the efficacy of two novel macrocycles synthesized based on two separate classes of photoswitches. Chapter 1 outlines an introduction into both the topics of mechanically interlocked molecules and their relationship to supramolecular chemistry as a whole, as well as the theory and overview of photoswitchable compounds in chemistry. Chapter 2 outlines the development of an azobenzene-based crown ether wheel and its association with …
Psychological And Academic Entitlement: Psychosocial And Cultural Predictors And Relationships With Psychological Well-Being, Siqi Huang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined psychological entitlement (PE) and academic entitlement (AE) in a sample of undergraduate students from the University of Windsor. Contrary to the popular belief that entitlement is rampant among today’s young adults, on average, the present study found that less than 80% of the participants endorsed the items on the entitlement scales. Multiple regression analyses of self-report responses showed that higher PE was predicted by unemployment, older age, more recent generation status, and engaging in less social comparison. Higher AE was predicted by younger age, more recent generation status, lower self-esteem, and lower self-efficacy. Furthermore, AE was negatively …
Cultural Mistrust And Responses Of Black Canadians To Subtle And Overt Racial Discrimination In Experimental Vignettes, Miea Moon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The relationship between cultural mistrust and responses to racial discrimination has received little attention in the empirical research literature. In the current study, the potential moderating role of cultural mistrust on responses to subtle and overt racial discrimination cues was assessed in a sample of 136 Black Canadian adults (73% female). Participants were randomly assigned to read and respond to one of three vignettes describing a job seeking experience in which they were instructed to imagine being interviewed and subsequently rejected for a job by a White employer. The three vignettes included either overt, subtle, or absent (control) racial discrimination …
The Challenges, Tensions And Possibilities Of Homeschooling: An Autoethnography Of One Educator’S Homeschooled Journey, Kathleen Ann Virban
The Challenges, Tensions And Possibilities Of Homeschooling: An Autoethnography Of One Educator’S Homeschooled Journey, Kathleen Ann Virban
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The traditional method of acquiring and receiving an education in Canada is to send children to government run schools, funded by the public. The promise of education attained through traditional schooling remains on structured and formal learning. Concerned about the education and safety of their children, an increasing number of parents are seeking educational alternatives. My family, in particular, sought out a new reform: the promise of homeschooling. This thesis adopted a qualitative approach using autoethnography to examine my perceptions and my realities on the subject of homeschooling, while interrogating the promise of education along intellectual, social, and interpersonal dimensions. …
Exploration Of Fatigue In Fourth-Year Nursing Students, Kelly Riccardi
Exploration Of Fatigue In Fourth-Year Nursing Students, Kelly Riccardi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore fatigue in fourth-year nursing students enrolled at a university in southwestern Ontario. A sample of 134 participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) scale midway through their final semester of school. The study examined the perceptions of fatigue, along with the predicting factors of chronic fatigue, acute fatigue and intershift recovery. Participants experienced moderate-high levels of acute and chronic fatigue, and low-moderate levels of intershift recovery. More than half of participants agreed that work drains their energy everyday, that they never have enough time between shifts to …
Development Of Mg Alloy Am60‐Based Hybrid Nano‐Composites Reinforced With Nano Al2o3 Or Aln Particles And Micron Al2o3 Fibres, Junxiang Zhou
Development Of Mg Alloy Am60‐Based Hybrid Nano‐Composites Reinforced With Nano Al2o3 Or Aln Particles And Micron Al2o3 Fibres, Junxiang Zhou
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mg-based hybrid nano composites (MHNC) reinforced with alumina (Al2O3) fibre and/or micron-sized/nano-sized Al2O3 or AlN particles were successfully prepared by a perform-squeeze casting technique under an applied pressure of 90 MPa. Mechanical properties of unreinforced AM60 alloy, Al2O3 fibre/AM60 composite, hybrid composite containing both Al2O3 fibres and mircon-sized Al2O3 particles, as well as hybrid composite containing both Al2O3 fibres and nano-sized Al2O3 or AlN particles (MHNC) were determined by tensile testing. The addition of fibres and micron-sized particle considerably increases the ultimate tensile and yield strengths of the matrix alloy, despite that a substantial reduction in ductility. Microstructure analyses by …
Arab Immigrant High School Students’ Perceptions Of Their High School Experiences In Canada: A Narrative Inquiry, Nesreen Elkord
Arab Immigrant High School Students’ Perceptions Of Their High School Experiences In Canada: A Narrative Inquiry, Nesreen Elkord
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of 4 Arab immigrant high school students in the Windsor, Ontario area. Student participants’ time spent in Canada varied from 1 to 5 years; three had attended grade school in Canada prior to enrolling in high school while 1 enrolled in high school immediately upon arrival. Allowing for a broader perspective of Arab immigrant high school students’ experiences in Canadian high schools, narratives of another 3 Arab student supplementary informants are used to enhance the interpretations and discussions. Participants’ and informants’ families emigrated from a number of Arab countries (Somalia, Syria, Kuwait, Iraq, …
Experiencing And Responding To Self-Discrepant Autobiographical Memories, Fiona Dyshniku
Experiencing And Responding To Self-Discrepant Autobiographical Memories, Fiona Dyshniku
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The overarching goal of this investigation was to explore how individuals experience and respond to autobiographical memories that contradict their self-concept. A secondary goal was to explore two potential determinants of the experience and response to self-discrepant autobiographical memories: self-threat and narcissism. In Study 1, 291 participants were asked to recall a time when they challenged another person’s memory for a past event. They were then asked to describe why they challenged the other’s recollection, among other questions. Overall, the motives identified for challenging aligned to a considerable extent with the previously theorized functions of autobiographical remembering. As expected, instances …
Rfid For Returnable Container Management In The Automotive Industry: A Discrete-Event Simulation Approach, Benedetto Giubilato
Rfid For Returnable Container Management In The Automotive Industry: A Discrete-Event Simulation Approach, Benedetto Giubilato
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Returnable containers are a critical factor to ensure quality of manufacturing operations in the automotive industry. However, containers management is still affected by chronic issues, such as containers shortage, losses or inefficient handling. Research and industry experts agree the “Achilles’s heel” of current practice is the lack of accurate and timely data about containers flow throughout the complex automotive supply chain. Moreover, containers handling operations still rely on manual operations. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that allows for automatic extraction of items flow data at key points along the supply chain, without the need of manual operations, and …
An Assessment Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake, Physical Activity, And Sedentary Behaviour Among Indigenous And Non-Indigenous Students From Northern Ontario, Christian O'Neil Paton
An Assessment Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake, Physical Activity, And Sedentary Behaviour Among Indigenous And Non-Indigenous Students From Northern Ontario, Christian O'Neil Paton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behaviour within Indigenous and Non-Indigenous students in grades 5-8 from northern Ontario, Canada. Students (N=872) from 34 schools within the catchment area of Porcupine Health Unit completed the Northern Fruit and Vegetable Program Evaluation survey in May, 2016. The odds of participants having a higher fruit and vegetable intake was lower among (1) those living in remote locations compared to urban locations (OR = -1.299 (95% CI: - 2.336, -0.240), p <0.05) and (2) Indigenous, compared to White, participants (OR = -.674 (95% CI: -1.336, -.0120), p = 0.05); in addition to no associations among ethnicity, location and PA/sedentary behaviour. Among Indigenous participants, those living in remote locations consumed statistically significant less fruit and vegetables (compared to urban and rural; F(2, 128) = 3.780, p = 0.025), and were less physically active (compared to urban and rural; F(2, 121) = 4.724, p = 0.011). There were no statistical differences observed by school location and meeting the sedentary behaviour guidelines for Indigenous populations. Although there were some statistically significant findings pertaining to fruit and vegetable intake among students in northern communities in Ontario, the health behaviours of all participants within this study were concerning. In the future, health interventions are needed to address low fruit and vegetable intake, PA, and sedentary behaviours of children and adolescents. Support through funding opportunities (pertaining to increasing the amount of fruit and vegetables provided to schools) is needed, and it is necessary to advocate for more PA and sedentary behaviour education.
Social Model Of Environmental Action: The Influence Of Values, Beliefs, And Norms On Individual, Public, And Collective Pro-Environmental Behaviour, Natalia Koustova
Social Model Of Environmental Action: The Influence Of Values, Beliefs, And Norms On Individual, Public, And Collective Pro-Environmental Behaviour, Natalia Koustova
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An effective climate action strategy requires rapid reduction of consumption at both the individual and aggregate levels. The present paper proposes a social model of environmental action (SMEA) based on both individual and collective behavioural theories currently used to explain pro-environmental behaviour. A survey was conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk (N=485) to examine Americans’ cultural worldviews, values, beliefs, norms, and self-reported pro-environmental behaviours. The proposed model was partially supported: social dominance orientation, self-transcendence values, and injunctive and descriptive norms influenced pro-environmental behaviour indirectly via individual and group efficacy beliefs. In addition, it was found that social norms also influence behaviours …
Meso-Scale Modelling Of Deformation, Damage And Failure In Dual Phase Steels, Iman Sari Sarraf
Meso-Scale Modelling Of Deformation, Damage And Failure In Dual Phase Steels, Iman Sari Sarraf
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Advanced high strength steels (AHSS), such as dual phase (DP) and transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, o er high ductility, formability, and strength, as well as high strength-to-weight ratio and improved crash resistance. Dual phase steels belong to a family of high strength grades which consist of martensite, responsible for strengthening, distributed in a ductile ferrite matrix which accommodates the deformation throughout the forming process. It has been shown that the predominant damage mechanism and failure in DP steels depends on the ferrite and martensite grain sizes and their morphology, and can range from a mixture of brittle and ductile …
Lightweight Metal/Polymer/Metal Sandwich Composites For Automotive Applications, Federico Ferrari
Lightweight Metal/Polymer/Metal Sandwich Composites For Automotive Applications, Federico Ferrari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sandwich composites are becoming increasingly popular in the automotive sector as they are lightweight and facilitate noise attenuation. However, given that sandwich composites are relatively new in the sector, there are questions as to whether they can effectively replace monolithic metals and damping patches without compromising mechanical performance. Quiet Aluminum®, a sandwich composite produced by Material Sciences Corporation (MSC), employs as skins two aluminum alloys that are common in automotive manufacturing: 5754-O and 6061-T4. The current study examines and compares the mechanical properties of Quiet Aluminum® with the main Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) requirements for laminates with non-structural loads. The …
Experimental Evaluation And Comparison Of Time-Multiplexed Multi-Fpga Routing Architectures, Asmeen Kashif
Experimental Evaluation And Comparison Of Time-Multiplexed Multi-Fpga Routing Architectures, Asmeen Kashif
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emulating large complex designs require multi-FPGA systems (MFS). However, inter-FPGA communication is confronted by the challenge of lack of interconnect capacity due to limited number of FPGA input/output (I/O) pins. Serializing parallel signals onto a single trace effectively addresses the limited I/O pin obstacle. Besides the multiplexing scheme and multiplexing ratio (number of inter-FPGA signals per trace), the choice of the MFS routing architecture also affect the critical path latency. The routing architecture of an MFS is the interconnection pattern of FPGAs, fixed wires and/or programmable interconnect chips. Performance of existing MFS routing architectures is also limited by off-chip interface …
New Ice Concept For Hybrid Application, Wenzhou Li
New Ice Concept For Hybrid Application, Wenzhou Li
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Due to increasingly strict regulations on automobile CO2 emission around the world, this thesis focuses on the development of the control strategies of a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with the goal of minimizing CO2 emission. The thesis consists of three parts. The first target is to set up an electric vehicle (EV) model, which is the base of a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle. The electric machine and battery are sized, and range capability and energy consumption are evaluated for a vehicle running in EV mode. The second objective is the assessment of the reference performance of the …
Studying Regional And Cross Border Freight Movement Activities With Truck Gps Big Data, Kevin Gingerich
Studying Regional And Cross Border Freight Movement Activities With Truck Gps Big Data, Kevin Gingerich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation utilizes an existing GPS data source to create and analyze a dataset of processed truck trips. The original data was generated for the purpose of fleet management by GPS transponders installed on Canadian owned trucks. These vehicles provide a critical service by fulfilling the economic need to move goods from one location to another. This thesis subsequently re-purposes the GPS pings as a form of opportunistic data to enrich the current state of knowledge regarding freight movement patterns. The first sections of this thesis are dedicated towards understanding the GPS data and devising processing methods needed to convert …
The Effects Of Introducing Prenatal Breastfeeding Education In The Obstetricians' Waiting Rooms, Donna Manlongat
The Effects Of Introducing Prenatal Breastfeeding Education In The Obstetricians' Waiting Rooms, Donna Manlongat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The literature has reported great benefits of breastfeeding for both the mother and newborn. In light of the low numbers of women breastfeeding in Ontario, even fewer women attending prenatal classes, and limited amount of cost free prenatal classes available, a need was identified to consider alternate modes of prenatal breastfeeding education. The purpose of this thesis was to explore the effects of providing self-directed study materials in the forms of breastfeeding education videos, smartphone applications, and reading materials to prenatal women during their third trimester appointments in the obstetrician’s waiting room. The idea of presenting innovative modes of prenatal …
Implementation Of An Autonomous Small-Scale Car With Indoor Positioning Using Uwb And Imu, Alvin Marquez
Implementation Of An Autonomous Small-Scale Car With Indoor Positioning Using Uwb And Imu, Alvin Marquez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Robotics have had a major impact in the current generation as they have a wide range of uses in manufacturing and automation; therefore, researching new technology related to robotics is currently at a high demand. Indoor robotics, such as automatic guided vehicles or humanoids, is a section of robotics that are mobile and need accurate positioning in order to navigate properly. Thus, research into indoor positioning systems (IPS) has become an interesting research topic to be able to provide a standard in indoor positioning. This thesis tests an ultrawideband (UWB) based IPS and fuses the data from an inertial measurement …
Acoustic Signalling In Savannah Sparrows, Passerculus Sandwichensis: Diel And Seasonal Variation, Male-Male Vocal Interactions, And Responses To Playback, Ines Moran
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, I examine the function of acoustic signals in Savannah Sparrows, Passerculus)sandwichensis, by analyzing temporal variation in vocal activity, and by conducting a playback experiment. In my first data chapter, I analyze longUterm acoustic recordings to study diel and seasonal variation in vocal activity of Savannah Sparrows. I show that singing activity of male Savannah Sparrows varies with time of day, time of year, and breeding stage. Males exhibit the highest level of song output in May, upon arrival on the breeding grounds, and the lowest level in August, before departure from the breeding grounds. Song output peaks …
Mixing And Reactivity Control With Butanol And Ethanol In Compression Ignition Engines, Tongyang Gao
Mixing And Reactivity Control With Butanol And Ethanol In Compression Ignition Engines, Tongyang Gao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of the research reported in this dissertation was to achieve clean and efficient combustion in a compression ignition engine. Previous research and literature have indicated that the control of the in-cylinder mixture preparation and charge reactivity are critical to improve combustion performance and to reduce emission formations. This research work hence focused on the exploration of the desired fuel mixing process and charge reactivity to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides and smoke while maintaining the high engine efficiency. Neat n-butanol, ethanol, and ultralow sulfur diesel were used as the representative fuels to demonstrate the potential of using …