Cross-Border Conflict Peacebuilding Practices Of Dassanech, Nyangatom And Hammer Community Of Ethiopia And Turkana Of Kenya, Asmare Shetahun

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This study investigated the practices of peacebuilding among Dassanech, Nyangatom, Hammer community of Ethiopia and the Turkana of Kenya cross-border resource based conflicts. Peace is the most important need and value of the pastoral community and conflict is destructive and unimportant by them. To build peace various actors are participated and different approaches are used. The study founded that the role of state, inter-state diplomacy, non-state actors, the civil society organizations, international organizations, intergovernmental organizations and indigenous community based institutions takes the loin share of conflict management, prevention, resolution and peacebuilding. However, the objective of building sustainable peace is still …

Tigray Conflict And Political Development In Ethiopia: Assessing Governance, Political Participation And Human Rights., Olileanya Amuche Ezugwu, Moses M. Duruji

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

The escalation of intra-state conflicts in Africa has assumed an endemic nature, posing a challenge to regional stability. Conflicts have the capacity to not only cause physical destruction to individuals and property, but also impede the establishment and maintenance of the rule of law, undermine the legitimacy of states, and pose a threat to institutional structures. This paper examines the effect of the Tigray conflict on the political development of Ethiopia: election, political participation and human rights. The objectives of the study include examining the extent the Tigray conflict affected the political development of Ethiopia and efforts made to resolve …

Decentralizing The Nigerian Police Force: A Plausible Approach To Hinterland Securities, Amobi P. Chiamogu, Uchechukwu P. Chiamogu

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

The structure of the Nigerian police has overtime depicted a centralized composition that negate principles of power sharing in a federal system of government. The complexities and diverse nature of policing in Nigeria remains the bane to effective and virile administration and management of the organization. The office of the Commissioner of Police vis-à-vis those of State Governors spell contradictions in power configuration from both the Constitution and the Police Act. The enactment of vigilante services and neighbourhood watches by state governments are indicative of a failing security system especially at the component units of the Nigerian federation. The hinterlands …

Focus Group Discussions With Rural Women In Yobe State On Information Services For Community Engagement On Development Issues In Nigeria, Aondover Eric Msughter, Mohammed Khalid Idris

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

In this information age, it is recognized that women's active participation is an essential component of community engagement, and sustainable development. Within this context, this study examined information services for community engagement on development issues in Nigeria with rural women in Yobe State. Qualitative method of data generation was adopted. Focus Group Discussion was carried out with women from the four (4) selected communities. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 24 participants for the FGD. The tenets of Source Credibility Theory served the study goal. Based on the findings, it is apparent that most of the women in these …

The Role Of Maasai Women In Traditional Conflict Resolution And Peace-Making: A Case Study In Tanzania, Naisiligaki Japhet Loisimaye

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This paper has addressed the problem of traditional conflict in Maasai societies and the role of Maasai women in traditional conflict resolution and peace-making in Tanzania. This qualitative research analyzed if Maasai women are involved in traditional conflict resolution and peace-making and their roles in traditional conflict resolution and peace-making. The findings revealed from the interview process shows that due to strict Maasai traditions and nature of Maasai being male dominant, Maasai women are either not allowed to participate or get involved in the traditional conflict resolution and peace-making. As their roles towards conflict resolution and peace-making is not seen. …

Assessing Compliance To Water Resources And Reconstruction Framework During Post-Conflict Reconstruction Borno State, Muritala Olaniyi Oke Dr

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Northeast and northwest of Nigeria have, as a result of activities of Boko Haram, bandit and kidnappers, had their public and private properties destroyed. Governments and other stakeholders, upon some successes of the military, have started post-conflict reconstruction to rebuild the war-torn urban and rural communities with the provision of water taking the center stage. This paper looks at the utilisation of Water Resources and a Reconstruction framework for integrating water projects into reconstruction processes. This paper rests on the argument that water projects during reconstruction should not be handled as “normal” water projects and that a more culturally and …

Police And Civilians Fractured Relationship In The Northern Region Of Ghana: A Search For A Common Ground For Internal Security, Mohammed Gadafi Ibrahim

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This study investigates the fractured relationship between Police and Civilians in Ghana's Northern Region, leading to a breakdown of trust and cooperation in maintaining internal security. The theoretical basis for this study rests on the Social Dominance Theory (SDT) and the Contact Theory (CT). Through a qualitative approach involving purposive sampling, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, the study examines the structural factors contributing to this fractured relationship. Analysis using the constant comparative technique revealed that the legitimacy of the Ghana Police Service, public perceptions, police conduct, youth indiscipline, and low level of knowledge on the Rule of Law are …

Statelessness In The Bakassi Peninsula: A Humanitarian Crisis In The Making, Taofik Oyewo Hussain

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

The Bakassi Peninsula is a resource-rich region straddling the border between Cameroon and Nigeria. Due to the border disputes and a lack of clear governance, the inhabitants of this region face a unique set of challenges, including statelessness. This paper aims to explore the implications of statelessness in the Bakassi Peninsula and identify potential solutions to address this growing humanitarian crisis. The research considers historical context, international laws, and case studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue and suggest actionable steps for stakeholders.

Leveraging Devolution As A Pathway To The Management Of Homegrown Extremism Over Intractable Land-Use Conflicts In Chepyuk Settlement Schemes, Kenya, Graham Oluteyo Amakanji, Pontian G. Okoth, Edmond Maloba Were

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

In an era where globalization is producing homogeneity, ethnic differences continue to produce some of the most violent conflicts. Indeed, the post-cold war period was marked by a decline in interstate contestations. However, violent intra-state contestations have been on the upsurge. These are projected to further rise in the next two decades. Population explosion, urbanization, deteriorating land quality and adverse effects of climate change are set to catalyse these contestations. The African Continent is set to bear the brunt of these contestations. Rooted in a long historical quest for land rights spanning over 100 years, the carnage violent inter-communal conflicts …

The Road To Genocide: Identity Politics Within Former State Institutions, The Case Of Caisse Sociale Du Rwanda, Elly Musafiri, George Gona, Kenneth Ombongi, Aggee Mugabe Shyaka

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Scholarly works on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi have been too generic with minimal focus on institutional violence. Therefore, this paper addresses this knowledge gap by focusing on the former Caisse Sociale du Rwanda (CSR) as a case study. The research adopted a qualitative approach, with primary data being collected through structured and semi-structured interviews, which were administered to sixty-two (62) participants, and data collection methods were structured and semi-structured interviews, observation method, and secondary sources. Primary data was complemented and reinforced with data from secondary sources.

This research study, which is built on ideological and identitarianism discourses, addresses …

Anti-Normalization, Nonviolent Activism, And Domestic Interests: The Case Of Morocco, Maia Hallward, Taib Biygautane

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Between August and December 2020, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco announced US-brokered agreements with Israel whereby they established full diplomatic relations and effectively withdrew from the Arab Boycott of Israel that tied official relations to the resolution of the so-called Palestine Question. These announcements came as a surprise to Arab-Muslim publics, despite their awareness of informal relations between these states and Israel. Using the case of Morocco and drawing on nonviolent resistance literature, this paper investigates civil resistance to the December 2020 Moroccan-Israeli agreement by three Moroccan activist groupings–opposition leftists, Islamists, and boycott-focused groups. Through document …

The Last Colony: Theoretical Explanations On The Protractedness Of The Western Sahara Conflict, Elisabeth H. Austrheim

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

“There has never been a protracted war from which a country has benefited” (Tzu 1963: 73).

The forty-eight yearlong Western Sahara conflict over the former Spanish colony between Polisario and the Kingdom of Morocco continues its low prospects of resolution. The future of the territory, with both strategic geopolitical and financial relevance, remains uncertain in which the reasons for the continued prolongation appear to be many. Different conflict theories emphasise various factors causing protractedness, suggesting that many different causes, together, have engendered the current lack of settlement. Whilst the theory of protracted social conflicts emphasises developed high-tensioned, hostile relations between …

Gis Use And Land Conflict In Rwanda: Case Of Gasabo District, Emmanuel Mushimiyimana

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Land conflicts in Rwanda have been exacerbated by demographic boom, land scarcity, and social and political instability. Therefore, Rwanda adopted Geographical Information System (GIS) to empower existing traditional land demarcation in order to defuse land conflict. The aim of this research is to investigate and seek the effectiveness of GIS application and Land Information System (LIS) to land-based conflict with a special focus on Gasabo District and the challenges related to that. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to collect and analyse data. Besides, the research used purposive sampling techniques in getting access to potential respondents of a …

The Economic Analysis Of Conflicts And Peace In Autocratic And Democratic Regimes In Africa, Oluwole Owoye

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This paper uses conceptual economics to explain how conflicts and peacebuilding are linked to economic growth/development in Africa. Both conflicts and peace have contagion effects in many countries worldwide, and in some cases, conflicts have morphed into regional and international problems. Conceptually, the monotonicity of conflicts and peace functions are invariant with respect to autocratic and democratic forms of governance in Africa. One of the main assertions of this study is that whether or not we have stable autocratic and/or democratic forms of governance, protracted conflicts have negative impact on sustainable economic growth in Africa. In addition, we found that …

A Review Of Farmers/Herders Clashes In Nigerian Environment: Consequences And The Way Forward, Timothy O. Ogunbode, Iyanu-Oluwa A. Ayodele, Victor O. Oyebamiji, Oluwatobi O. Faboro

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

A peaceful environment is a necessity for meaningful growth and development in human society. This review was thus, carried out to examine both immediate and remote causes of Fulani herdsmen/local farmers’ crises in Nigeria, its consequences and the probable way forward. The review which involved searching for both online and offline information on the theoretical basis for the crises and, also the interview of the stakeholders for hands-on information. The crises which was noted to have dated back to 1960s has resulted into loss of lives and property. Apart from this, many homes have been displaced and means of livelihood …

Voices Of Youth Born Of Genocidal Rape In Rwanda: Their Social Exclusion After 26 Years Of Genocide, Elly Musafiri, George Gona, Kenneth Ombongi, Aggee Mugabe Shyaka

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This article explains social exclusion issues of youth born of rape during the 1994 Genocide after 26 years of genocide. Their social exclusion is exclusively related to the circumstances under which they were conceived and born and living with a neglected identity that is associated with Hutu killers. Thus, the research problem centered on their identity issue which leads to their social exclusion. The research approach was qualitative in nature where data was collected through individual interviews with 81 respondents and a review of existing literature. The study used social exclusion theory to contextualize the life experiences of the youth …

Peace And Security Challenges: Sadc And Mozambique Conflict Management, Thamsanqa Dangazela

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to investigate peace and security challenges in Mozambique. The paper wants to contribute to research recurrent political conflicts should be evaluated and how their effectiveness can be measured on how peace-making interventions by the Southern Africa Development Committee (SADC) in member states experiencing. Peace-making is understood as a varied approach to resolving conflicts, encompassing negotiation, diplomatic engagement, and mediation. Mediation refers to third party facilitation aimed at resolving conflicts. The main argument is that SADC mediation– which forms the core of its approach to peace-making – is not oriented towards transforming conflicts. Most, …

Assessment Of The Role Of Humanitarian Association In Addressing Social Security Issues In Ethiopia: The Case Of Mekidonina Humanitarian Association, Belay Gemeda Legesse Mr.

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Abstract: One of the possible interventions to tackle the suffering of the elderly, mentally and physically disabled persons is an institutional caring system through local humanitarian associations. This study tries to assess the role of Mekidonian Humanitarian Association /MHA/ in addressing the social security problem of People in needs. The researcher followed exploratory research approach and employ qualitative method. Shelter, food, clothes and health problem are the major consequences of the social security problem. Policy formulation pertinent to basic social security towards elderly and physically disabled people, encouraging and supporting local humanitarian associations, awareness creation and closely working with regional …

Identity Boundaries Construction And Its Effects On Vulnerability In The Case Of A Historically Marginalized People (Hmp) In Rwanda: An Examination Of Their Access To Human Rights., Jean Baptiste Ndikubwimana, Kathleen A. Anangwe, Oriare Oriare Nyarwath, Mwimali Jack, Charles Mulinda Kabwete

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This paper contextualises the vulnerability of a Historically Marginalized people (HMP) referred to as the Batwa to explain how their moral inferiority resulting from the constructed microaggressions and attitudinal prejudices, jeopardize their full enjoyment and appreciation of human rights. The dilemmas experienced by the Batwa in Rwanda have until recently received little theoretical and empirical attention thereby disregarding ontological and epistemological distinction. This paper contributes to this lacuna by reviewing colonial discourse of histories and hegemonies and investigating ethnic socio-cultural practices and other mythical tales. The foregoing indicates a genuine need for the application of human rights approach to recognize …

An Evaluation Of Peace Building Strategies In Southwestern Nigeria: Quantitative And Qualitative Examples, Kazeem Oyedele Lamidi

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This paper evaluated the peace building architecture by United Nations using Southwestern Nigeria as a reference point. Quantitative data were generated from responses to the questionnaire. In addition, the qualitative data were gathered from two sources: interview response and theme coding of Focus Group Discussion. Data collected were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean value and standard deviation as well as content analysis methods. From the descriptive statistics, this paper found out that quick intervention, cross-examination, negotiation, and mediation of differences were evaluated to be the key building strategies adopted for the enhancement of peaceful co-existence in local communities within Southwestern …

The Facets Of Transitional Justice And 'Red Terror' Mass Trials Of Derg Officials In Post-1991 Ethiopia: Reassessing Its Achievements And Pitfalls, Kinkino Kia Legide

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

At the end of the state perpetrated largescale violence, two important puzzling questions need to be addressed by post-conflict states. The first one chiefly concern how to ensure accountability or fight impunity, and the second is concerned with how to transform a society wrecked by prolonged conflicts into a durable peace in a non-violent means (Jarstad & Sisk, 2008). One such effort to deal with these questions was implementation of a transitional justice measures which evolved to encompass broader themes in addition to criminal accountability and it has shown a considerable relevance and expansion since the end of Cold War. …

Migrations Internationales. Entre Enjeux Traditionnel Et Nouveaux Défis, Leonidas Ndayisaba

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Résumé

Le premier semestre de l’année 2015 est dominé sur le plan médiatique par une crise migratoire caractérisée par des milliers de ressortissants syriens, afghans pour la plupart qui traversent la Méditerranée en vue de trouver asile, sécurité et, sans doute, de nouvelles perspectives de vie dans les pays européens et en Amérique du Nord. D’autres migrants, Erythréens, Sud-Soudanais, entre autres, viennent également grossir les rangs des migrants forcés au niveau régional et international. Pourtant, les migrations constituent un phénomène mondial et historique. La campagne médiatique qui s’en est suivie fait découvrir la tragédie qui sévit dans les pays d’origine …

The Impacts Of Political Conflicts In Africa, Douglas Kimemia

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

The number of conflicts and deaths in Africa is rooted in the complex constructions and conjectures of Africa’s political economies, weak institutions, social identities, and cultural ecologies, as configured by specific local, national, regional, and historical experiences. Using real-time data of violent and nonviolent events in Africa, this paper analyzes the most significant indicators. The paper finds that Gross Domestic Product, corruption, state legitimacy, ethnic fractionalization, political effectiveness, and polity are significant in modeling the likelihood of political instability. The paper concludes that African countries require reconfiguration of the public and social institutions without ignoring the human factor that accelerate …

Women, Peace And Security In Zimbabwe - The Case Of Conflict In Non War Zones, Rutendo Chabikwa

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

The Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda is the United Nation’s (UN) key policy instrument for addressing gender violence in conflict zones. However, the agenda has been preoccupied with “hot” conflicts, and its application and relevance to sustained, but “low level” conflict situations is poorly conceptualized. This research considers this issue through a case study of Zimbabwe since 2000. I make the case for broadening the understanding of conflict as found in the WPS agenda.

This paper addresses the question: ‘How does the case of Zimbabwe exemplify the need for a broader understanding of conflict within the WPS agenda as …

Contextualizing The Politics Of Ten-Household Cluster Initiatives (Nyumba Kumi) For Human Security In Kenya, Edmond M. Were, Paul A. Opondo

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

National security has been a preserve of the State to the detriment of the welfare of the masses. Human security on the other hand incorporates the basic security elements that are globally recognized and touch on the daily lives of the masses. The Ten Household Cluster Initiatives that have been practiced in East Asia, Caribbean and parts of Western Europe and adapted in Eastern Africa are an avenue through which human security can be addressed though they are tightly controlled by the state and characterized by human rights flaws. Their rationalization is anchored in theories of individualism and communitarianism that …

State Building In Post Conflict Rwanda: Popular Participation Of Citizen In Local Conflict Mitigation, Innocent Ndahiriwe

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

When studying local state building this article addresses the questions how does state led conflict mitigation in post conflict Rwanda work? How is it experienced by the citizens in terms of participation, accountability and local state legitimacy? Theoretically, the study engages with literature on state-building, state society relations and local conflict mitigation. The study’s findings have indicated that the citizens’ contribution to local state-building was still modest due to low motivation among the citizens involved in the conflict mitigation process due to insufficient resources and infrastructure in the conflict mitigation process, despite the fact that the state has granted legal …

“I Forgive To Forget”: Implications For Community Restoration And Unity In Northern Uganda, Julaina A. Obika, Emilio Ovuga

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

As the people in northern Uganda begin to rebuild their lives after the devastating war that lasted more than twenty years, reconciliation and community restoration becomes paramount. Forgiveness of wrongs committed and past hurts is an important vehicle to achieve reconciliation and co-existence in a society that is wrought with past social upheavals, fragile relationships and painful memories. This study aimed at exploring and understanding the ‘local’ meanings and notions of forgiveness and its importance in re-cementing a ‘broken’ Acholi society. Personal accounts of wrongs committed and processes of forgiveness were recorded, edited and shared with the public in Awach …

Infrastructures For Peace: African Experience And Lesson, Oseremen Felix Irene

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

The study investigates African experience and lesson of infrastructures for peace. It focuses mainly on two examples of infrastructure for peace as seen in Ghana and Kenya as well as x-ray what a ministry of peace might be like in Nigeria. The two main infrastructures for peace the paper explores are National Peace Council and Local Peace Committee. Promoting peace perspective in government also remains a central idea of the paper, and a cabinet-level ministry of peace is instrumental to this. The study adopts a descriptive approach and draws secondary data from books, journals, internet and other literature materials. The …

The Dilemma Of Responsibility To Protect In The Great Lakes Region, Ruth B. Aluoch

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

This paper examines the underlying complexities that constitute a dilemma for the responsibility to protect in Africa most specifically the Great Lakes Region. I argue that clarifying the meaning and intention of the doctrine in any given context is predicated on understanding the distinct and complex environment in which the doctrine is invoked. These complexities and their differentiation on a case by case basis construe the doctrine as progressive; with political, legal and moral significance making it fit for its purpose. On the other hand the variation of prevention and protection amounts to the denunciation of it as being selective, …

Boko Haram's Covert Front, Akali Omeni

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Waging a highly irregular war — an insurgency — in Northeast Nigeria since September 2010, Boko Haram over the years has escalated as a threat form. By 2014, this threat extended beyond Nigeria’s borders; and by 2017, thousands of people had become casualties of the conflict; with millions displaced in Northeast Nigeria. Boko Haram however did not necessarily achieve this threat escalation by fighting and defeating the Nigerian military on the battlefield. A large part of Boko Haram’s calculations, rather, have been focused on its covert front and on war avoidance altogether. Indeed, covert tactics have been the main vehicle …