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Esl Speakers' Production Of English Lexical Stress: The Effect Of Variation In Acoustic Correlates On Perceived Intelligibility And Nativeness, Paul Edmunds
Linguistics ETDs
Non-native speakers of English often experience problems in pronunciation as they are learning English, many such problems persisting even when the speaker has achieved a high degree of fluency. Research has shown that for a non-native speaker to sound most natural and intelligible in his or her second language, the speaker must acquire proper prosody, such as native-like speech rhythms (Tajima et al., 1997; Wenk, 1985; Wennerstrom, 2001). This dissertation investigates how native English and Spanish ESL (English as a Second Language) speakers compare in their production of three acoustic correlates of lexical stress in English, namely the relative durations …
The Prevalence Of Osteoarthritis In Wild Vs Captive Great Ape Skeletons, Demelza Poe
The Prevalence Of Osteoarthritis In Wild Vs Captive Great Ape Skeletons, Demelza Poe
Anthropology ETDs
This research examined whether the prevalence and skeletal distribution of osteoarthritis (OA) differed between wild and captive great ape skeletons. A secondary, but important, aspect of this research focused on the development of improved aging techniques based on methods commonly used on human osteological samples. Tests were conducted pertaining to the effect that wild versus captive status, sex, and species has on vertebral body lipping, marginal lipping, and eburnation. Age was considered a co-factor. Of the aging methods examined, use of the basilar suture to distinguish between adult and old adult specimens proved to be very imprecise. The ribs and …
Nuclear Family Conflict And Cooperation Among Tsimane' Forager-Horticulturalists Of Bolivia, Jonathan Stieglitz
Nuclear Family Conflict And Cooperation Among Tsimane' Forager-Horticulturalists Of Bolivia, Jonathan Stieglitz
Anthropology ETDs
Household production is the result of inputs from a variety of members, each of whom contains overlapping but non-identical interests. This dissertation explores the conditions under which the division of labor and the allocation of household resources precipitates parent-offspring and spousal conflict. This broad goal is addressed through three specific goals: 1) to identify factors affecting variation in the likelihood of task delegation to children and resistance toward performing delegated tasks; 2) to understand how variation in household labor demand influences childrens time allocation, considering ways in which behavioral manipulation might compromise the child's future prospects; and 3) to understand …
Immune Regulation Of The Host Autophagic Response And The Elimination Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Sergio A. De Haro
Immune Regulation Of The Host Autophagic Response And The Elimination Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Sergio A. De Haro
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Autophagy is an immune effector response against a variety of intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacteria survive in macrophages by blocking maturation of the phagosome. Induction of autophagy by the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine IFN-γ, or amino acid starvation, enables macrophages to overcome the phagosome maturation block and impedes mycobacterial survival. This study investigates the role of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and Interleukin 13 (IL-13) in autophagy in macrophages and their ability to eliminate intracellular mycobacteria. The Th2 cytokines abrogated autophagy and autophagy-induced transfer of mycobacteria into lysosomal compartments, thus enhancing mycobacterial survival within infected …
Decreased Functional Connectivity With Aging And Disease Duration In Schizophrenia, Christopher Abbott
Decreased Functional Connectivity With Aging And Disease Duration In Schizophrenia, Christopher Abbott
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Objective: Progressive brain changes late in the disease course of schizophrenia may be detected with functional connectivity. This study compared functional connectivity between patients with schizophrenia late in the disease course with matched healthy controls. Method: Subjects included 18 patients with schizophrenia with minimum 15 years disease duration and 28 matched healthy controls from the MIND Clinical Imaging Consortium database. The functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was the auditory oddball task. We used independent components analysis to identify temporally cohesive but spatially distributed neural networks. We selected the executive control and default mode networks for additional analysis. The temporal course …
Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells In Response To Their Microenvironment : Proliferation, Differentiation, And Migration, Basam Barkho
Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells In Response To Their Microenvironment : Proliferation, Differentiation, And Migration, Basam Barkho
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
The plasticity of adult neural stem/progenitor cells allows a differential response to a variety of environmental cues. Over the past decade, significant research efforts have been devoted into understanding the regulation of neural stem/progenitor cells due to their promising potential for cell replacement therapies in adult neurological diseases. It has been demonstrated that after brain injury both endogenous and grafted neural stem/progenitor cells have the ability to proliferate to expand their number, migrate long distances to the lesioned site and differentiate into new specific neurons to replace the ones that have been lost. All these procedure are regulated by extrinsic …
Hispanics Communication Experiences In The Organizational Setting, Nicole Abeyta
Hispanics Communication Experiences In The Organizational Setting, Nicole Abeyta
Communication ETDs
The purpose of this study is to explore the organizational communication experiences of some Hispanic employees. In this thesis, I employ a narrative analysis method, and share the interviews and standpoint of twelve Hispanic employees to help advance the understanding of how Hispanic employees feel about integrated communication practices in the workplace. I also uncover how Hispanics feel about their work environment, what type of communication practices are utilized, and how Hispanics use technology in the organizational setting. The personal experiences help establish a general understanding of the influences of Hispanic culture, language, values, beliefs, and traditions in organizations, specifically …
Microsphere Based Protease Assays And High Throughput Screening Of Bacterial Toxin Proteases, Matthew Saunders
Microsphere Based Protease Assays And High Throughput Screening Of Bacterial Toxin Proteases, Matthew Saunders
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Proteases, proteins which cleave peptide bonds in other proteins, are a large and varied group of proteins which regulate a variety of physiological processes. Methodologies to study proteases are often protease specific and often differ greatly from the roles proteases play in vivo. In vitro protease assays often use peptide based substrates, which do not take into account highly specific interactions distal from the proteolytic site of peptide cleavage on protease substrates. In the work described here we have developed a microsphere based protease assay, capable of using full length protease substrates, and have successfully measured proteolytic activity via loss …
Term Rewriting With Built-In Numbers And Collection Data Structures, Stephan Falke
Term Rewriting With Built-In Numbers And Collection Data Structures, Stephan Falke
Computer Science ETDs
Term rewrite systems have been extensively used in order to model computer programs for the purpose of formal verification. This is in particular true if the termination behavior of computer programs is investigated, and automatic termination proving for term rewrite systems has received increased interest in recent years. Ordinary term rewrite systems, however, exhibit serious drawbacks. First, they do not provide a tight integration of natural numbers or integers. Since the pre-defined semantics of these primitive data types cannot be utilized, reasoning about termination of ordinary term rewrite systems operating on numbers is often cumbersome or even impossible. Second, ordinary …
Learning Condition-Specific Networks, Sushmita Roy
Learning Condition-Specific Networks, Sushmita Roy
Computer Science ETDs
Condition-specific cellular networks are networks of genes and proteins that describe functional interactions among genes occurring under different environmental conditions. These networks provide a systems-level view of how the parts-list (genes and proteins) interact within the cell as it functions under changing environmental conditions and can provide insight into mechanisms of stress response, cellular differentiation and disease susceptibility. The principle challenge, however, is that cellular networks remain unknown for most conditions and must be inferred from activity levels of genes (mRNA levels) under different conditions. This dissertation aims to develop computational approaches for inferring, analyzing and validating cellular networks of …
Supervised Manifold Distance Segmentation, Guany Wang
Supervised Manifold Distance Segmentation, Guany Wang
Computer Science ETDs
In this paper, I will propose a simple and robust method for image and volume data segmentation based on manifold distance metrics. In this approach, pixels in an image are not considered as points with color values arranged in a grid. In this way, a new data set is built by a transform function from one traditional 2D image or 3D volume to a manifold in higher dimension feature space. Multiple possible feature spaces like position, gradient and probabilistic measures are studied and experimented. Graph algorithm and probabilistic classification are involved. Both time and space complexity of this algorithm is …
Using Ant Colony Optimization For Routing In Microprocesors, Tamanna Arora
Using Ant Colony Optimization For Routing In Microprocesors, Tamanna Arora
Computer Science ETDs
Power consumption is an important constraint on VLSI systems. With the advancement in technology, it is now possible to pack a large range of functionalities into VLSI devices. Hence it is important to find out ways to utilize these functionalities with optimized power consumption. This work focuses on curbing power consumption at the design stage. This work emphasizes minimizing active power consumption by minimizing the load capacitance of the chip. Capacitance of wires and vias can be minimized using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms. ACO provides a multi agent framework for combinatorial optimization problems and hence is used to handle …
The City As A Growth Machine: Reynosa, Mx, Victoria Hirschberg
The City As A Growth Machine: Reynosa, Mx, Victoria Hirschberg
Latin American Studies ETDs
As cities grow in size and population and focus on job creation, their leaders face the challenge of balancing economic development and providing citizens with services. The city of Reynosa, Mexico, located on the border across from McAllen, TX, has experienced rapid population growth, increased commercial and manufacturing sectors, thus positioning itself on the global scale. However, development officials in McAllen also facilitate this growth by assisting Reynosa in the recruitment of maquiladoras, or export-processing plants. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic development and planning practices in Reynosa. The study aims to discuss how …
Imagining The Noble And Loyal City: An Introduction To The Biombo Franz Mayer, Madalena Consuelo Salazar
Imagining The Noble And Loyal City: An Introduction To The Biombo Franz Mayer, Madalena Consuelo Salazar
Art & Art History ETDs
The decorative arts of New Spain had, until recently, been peripheral in art historical discourse. Current scholars have begun to widen the lens of interpretation to include new spheres of influence and objects that defy traditional disciplinary classifications. One such object is the Biombo Franz Mayer, a viceregal biombo, or folding screen. Although useful for elucidating larger themes, recent studies have de-contextualized the Biombo by regarding the object in terms of group identity or as a representation of colonized spaces. Building on previous scholarship, this thesis will reintroduce the object's context, and through formal and iconographic analyses, study the screen …
Molecular Dynamics Of Adenovirus Type 3 And 7 Infections In Military And Civilian Populations In The United States, Laura Dickson
Molecular Dynamics Of Adenovirus Type 3 And 7 Infections In Military And Civilian Populations In The United States, Laura Dickson
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are major causative agents of acute respiratory disease (ARD) worldwide. Military recruits and children are two of the populations most susceptible to HAdV infection in the United States. Infections by species B serotypes, including HAdV-3 and HAdV-7, are often associated with some of the most severe clinical manifestations of respiratory disease. In 1996, the production of the HAdV vaccine that was administered to US military recruits was discontinued. Since then, HAdV-associated ARD has reemerged in military training facilities nationwide compromising readiness and deployability of troops and causing significant financial burden to the Department of Defense (DoD). The …
Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Reactivity Following Intermittent Hypoxia, Jessica Snow
Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Reactivity Following Intermittent Hypoxia, Jessica Snow
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Sleep apnea (SA) affects as many as 20% of the adult population in the United States. It elicits intermittent hypoxia (IH) and causes pulmonary hypertension (PH), however the mechanisms of this PH have not been well studied. IH has been shown to cause polycythemia, pulmonary vascular remodeling and increases in vasoconstrictor reactivity. CO2 supplementation may be protective in the development of PH, therefore we assessed effects of IH with and without CO2 supplementation on indices of PH and pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity. IH with CO2 supplementation resulted in eucapnic IH (E-IH) and the lack of polycythemia or vascular remodeling. However, E-IH …
Inducible Heat Shock Protein 70 Enhances Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Genome Replication, Viral Capsid Protein Nuclear Localization And Progeny Virion Morphogenesis In Human Keratinocytes, Hebin Song
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, non-enveloped double stranded DNA viruses that demonstrate a strict species and cell type tropism for human epithelial cells. The association between high-risk HPV types and cervical cancer is well established. Additionally, HPVs have been implicated as causes in development of several other epithelial cancer types. Increasing data indicate heat shock proteins (HSPs) including inducible HSP70 (HSP70i) are involved in the replicative cycles of different viruses including adenoviruses, polyomaviruses (PyV), and some RNA viruses. Cell-free system studies implicate HSP70i in HPV11 genome replication with E1 and E2 proteins, and there is evidence that HSP70 is involved …
What Do Healthcare Providers Think Of Patients Who Use The Internet?: An Exploratory Study, Matt Willis
What Do Healthcare Providers Think Of Patients Who Use The Internet?: An Exploratory Study, Matt Willis
Communication ETDs
The Internet is a technology that is influencing multiple human factors (i.e. cognitive and social). Adults who seek information on the Internet about their health conditions are becoming more common. Providers have been wary of patient information searches, fearing that, at worst, conflicting information may provoke confrontation and doubt and, at best, the information is trivial or already well known to the provider. For this exploratory study a survey was conducted that investigates trends in healthcare provider information technology use and information seeking opinions. This survey was followed by a highly structured interview of n=21 providers. The researcher shows two …
The Effects Of Electronic Word-Of-Mouth: An Exploratory Study., Bodi Li
The Effects Of Electronic Word-Of-Mouth: An Exploratory Study., Bodi Li
Communication ETDs
Although marketing and advertising professionals tend to believe the effectiveness of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), few studies have confirmed the eWOM effects. Therefore, this study conducted a test of eWOM effects in a laboratory experiment. Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups: advertising only, advertising and positive eWOM, and advertising and negative eWOM. Results showed that eWOM possesses influences on consumers attitudes and purchase intentions, however the effects of positive eWOM are very limited. Results also showed that the effects of negative eWOM carry more weight than positive eWOM. This study also uncovered the complexity of eWOM effects. It is likely …
The Physiological Ecology And Evolution Of Freezing Tolerance In Diploid Larrea Sp., Juliana Medeiros
The Physiological Ecology And Evolution Of Freezing Tolerance In Diploid Larrea Sp., Juliana Medeiros
Biology ETDs
A basic understanding of vegetation responses to temperature and precipitation variability is paramount to the understanding of ecological adaptation, and comparisons across warm deserts are needed to increase our understanding of the controls on establishment in warm desert ecosystems. At the high latitude edges of warm deserts drought and freezing lower plant performance due to xylem dysfunction, as freeze-thaw embolism reduces stomatal conductance, or damage to leaf photosynthetic apparatus, as tissue desiccation reduces photosynthetic efficiency. Variation in these physiological responses can be observed across life-history stages, genetic background, climate gradients, and species, and this variation may be acted on by …
Statistical Methods In Microarrays And High-Throughput Flow Cytometry, Osorio Meirelles
Statistical Methods In Microarrays And High-Throughput Flow Cytometry, Osorio Meirelles
Biology ETDs
Abstract-I Background: Heterogeneous cell populations have previously been described as noisy. However, recent studies have demonstrated that heterogeneity can be biologically significant. We present here an approach for rapid and complete identification of heterogeneous cell populations from high-throughput flow cytometry data. We have developed a novel measure Slope Differentiation Identification (SDI) using flow cytometry-based protein expression, quantifying the rate of change in protein expression between two conditions (exponential and stationary phase) of yeast cells, as a function of cell size or cell granularity. Results: SDI had superior Gene Ontology enrichment when compared with other approaches such as k-means clustering and …
Reconfigurable Middleware Architectures For Large Scale Sensor Networks, Sean M. Brennan
Reconfigurable Middleware Architectures For Large Scale Sensor Networks, Sean M. Brennan
Computer Science ETDs
Wireless sensor networks, in an effort to be energy efficient, typically lack the high-level abstractions of advanced programming languages. Though strong, the dichotomy between these two paradigms can be overcome. The SENSIX software framework, described in this dissertation, uniquely integrates constraint-dominated wireless sensor networks with the flexibility of object-oriented programming models, without violating the principles of either. Though these two computing paradigms are contradictory in many ways, SENSIX bridges them to yield a dynamic middleware abstraction unifying low-level resource-aware task reconfiguration and high-level object recomposition. Through the layered approach of SENSIX, the software developer creates a domain-specific sensing architecture by …
Facing Defacement: Factors Influencing Indigenous Patients In Provider-Patient Communication In Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, Laura L. Burton
Facing Defacement: Factors Influencing Indigenous Patients In Provider-Patient Communication In Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, Laura L. Burton
Communication ETDs
The purpose of this ethnographic research was to explain the factors influencing Achi patients in provider-patient interactions in Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. I explored the complex intercultural challenges influencing the interactions between biomedically-trained providers and indigenous patients. Data collection involved participant observation and twenty-four informal field interviews in Guatemala. I utilized thematic analysis to identify and understand the factors influencing Achi patients when interacting with health care providers. Findings reveal that the Achi patients are influenced in provider-patient interactions by the reciprocal interaction among four major factors: environment, beliefs, emotional effect, and experiences. In addition, subthemes were identified for each of …
The Effect Of Plant Source Location On Restoration Success: A Reciprocal Transplant Experiment With Winterfat (Krascheninnikovia Lanata), Melanie Barnes
The Effect Of Plant Source Location On Restoration Success: A Reciprocal Transplant Experiment With Winterfat (Krascheninnikovia Lanata), Melanie Barnes
Biology ETDs
It is increasingly important that plant propagules used in revegetation projects are from a location that is geographically or ecologically similar to the planting site. To better understand the consequences of using non-local plant materials, I chose to study the population biology of the widespread shrub winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata, Chenopodiaceae) among five populations in New Mexico, USA. Winterfat plant morphology among the five populations was compared, and the rate of emergence and floral onset was measured in a greenhouse common garden. A reciprocal transplant experiment was planted in which individuals from different locations were planted in replicate common gardens. Transplant …
The Role Of Spatial And Genetic Modeling To Biogeography., Dolly Crawford
The Role Of Spatial And Genetic Modeling To Biogeography., Dolly Crawford
Biology ETDs
One of the most persistent challenges in biology is explaining the distribution of animal taxa. Quantitative explanations for the distribution of organisms are challenged by the complexity of factors that potentially limit a species range, including topography, ecology, climate and biology. Because of limits on data and approaches, early biogeographers were hampered in their ability to explain patterns. Here, I benefit from two primary developments in biogeography. My research draws from the accumulation of data across several scientific disciplines and advances in spatial and statistical approaches to examine the distribution of animal taxa within an integrative biogeography framework. I combine …
Teaching A School-Based Aac Team To Support The Communication Skills Of A Student Who Requires Aac, Amy Thatcher
Teaching A School-Based Aac Team To Support The Communication Skills Of A Student Who Requires Aac, Amy Thatcher
Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs
Many children of all ages are in need of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Adult communication partners in the school setting typically interact differently with children who use AAC than they do with others. In prior studies, an eight-step instructional program designed to teach adult communication partners to facilitate the communication skills of students who use AAC has been used within an individual instructional format. The eight-step instructional model used to teach these adults has been shown to be effective; however, research is required to establish the efficacy of this program when providing instruction to adult communication partners within group …
Metal-Insulator-Insulator-Metal Plasmonic Waveguides And Devices, Jing Chen
Metal-Insulator-Insulator-Metal Plasmonic Waveguides And Devices, Jing Chen
Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs
Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides have been proposed for highly integrated subwavelength structures. In this work, waveguiding and coupling of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) within finite planar MIM plasmonic waveguides are examined both theoretically and experimentally. Gain (dye-doped polymer)-assisted MIM waveguides and terahertz quantum cascade laser MIM waveguides are numerically analyzed. The numerical analysis of finite planar MIM waveguides using the transfer matrix formalism reveals both bound and leaky SP modes: three lowest energy bound modes and the highest energy mode consisting of non-radiative (bound) and radiative (leaky) portions separated by a spectral gap at the light line. The leaky regime …
Unraveling The Intricacies Of Spatial Organization Of The Erbb Receptors And Downstream Signaling Pathways, Michelle Costa
Unraveling The Intricacies Of Spatial Organization Of The Erbb Receptors And Downstream Signaling Pathways, Michelle Costa
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Faced with the complexity of diseases such as cancer which has 1012 mutations, altering gene expression, and disrupting regulatory networks, there has been a paradigm shift in the biological sciences and what has emerged is a much more quantitative field of biology. Mathematical modeling can aid in biological discovery with the development of predictive models that provide future direction for experimentalist. In this work, I have contributed to the development of novel computational approaches which explore mechanisms of receptor aggregation and predict the effects of downstream signaling. The coupled spatial non-spatial simulation algorithm, CSNSA is a tool that I took …
A Descriptive Analysis Of Mentoring On Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers Related To Classroom And Behavior Management: A Case Study, Alfredo Martinez
A Descriptive Analysis Of Mentoring On Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers Related To Classroom And Behavior Management: A Case Study, Alfredo Martinez
Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs
The purpose of this study was to explore the development of instructional management behaviors of pre-student teachers, who have received pre-service preparation through a course in classroom and behavior management and who receive supervision and mentoring specifically in regard to classroom and behavior management.. Two junior level pre-student teachers served as key participants in this study. The intensive mentorship occurred over the course of five weeks with two observations per week. The data were collected and triangulated through interviews, observations, field notes, video recorded lessons, and artifacts such as lesson plans. Two distinct case studies were developed in this field …
Negotiating Face And Conflict In Romantic Relationships: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Uganda And Ethiopia, Fletcher Courtney
Negotiating Face And Conflict In Romantic Relationships: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Uganda And Ethiopia, Fletcher Courtney
Communication ETDs
Using Face Negotiation Theory (FNT) and its associated assumptions to guide the study, the current project addressed the lack of African centered communication research by conducting a mixed-method study in Uganda and Ethiopia regarding how culture and family socialization patterns impact romantic partners in conflict. Specifically, this study examined how culture and family communication patterns influence face concerns, conflict style choices, relationship satisfaction, and forgiveness tendencies in romantic relationships. The role of religion and communalism in African culture was also a primary focus of the study, with qualitative results yielding several interesting and new ideas about the important role of …